Heavy metal pollution in aquatic environments

dc.authorscopusid7101628010
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Ayse Bahar
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-19T15:49:55Z
dc.date.available2024-09-19T15:49:55Z
dc.date.issued2011
dc.departmentHatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractMetals which in their standard state have a specific gravity (density) of more than about 5 g cm-3 are described as 'heavy metals'. Some of them, such as copper, iron, chromium, zinc and nickel are essential in very low concentrations for the survival of all forms of life. These are described as essential trace elements. Only when present in greater quantities, these can cause metabolic anomalies like the heavy metals lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury which are already toxic in very low concentrations. Heavy metals are produced from a variety of natural and anthropogenic sources. Human beings release a high anthropogenic emission of heavy metals into the biosphere. Waste (i.e. emission, wastewater and waste solid) is the origin of heavy metal pollution to water, soil and plants. In aquatic environments, metal pollution can arise from direct atmospheric deposition, geological weathering or through discharge of agricultural, municipal, residential or industrial waste. Under certain environmental conditions, heavy metals may accumulate to a level of toxic concentration causing ecological damage. As a result, living things inhabited contaminated waters may show rather high metal concentrations. In addition, metal bioaccumulation causes biochemical or pathological effects on fish resulting in decrease of growth, fecundity and survival. The members from the upper level of the food chain may carry a critical level of metals and are hence more explanatory than observing water or sediments. Therefore, numerous reports describe metal residues in aquatic organisms such as mussels, shrimp and wild fish from marine and freshwater species. Such studies have been carried out to determine the levels of some heavy metals in some tissues of aquatic organisms from marine and inland waters. Liver, spleen and kidney tissues are known to have high metabolic activities and thus have been used to observe the level of absorbed metals. Gonads, which can be attributed to the reproductive cycle of fish, have also accumulated high amounts of heavy metals. Metal concentrations in the skin and gills have reflected the concentration of metals in waters. Although it is well known that muscle is not an active tissue in accumulating heavy metals, muscle tissue accumulation levels were also studied because of their consumption by humans. Metal uptake by aquatic organisms from contaminated water may differ depending on its ecological needs and metabolism, as well as other factors such as salinity, temperature, contamination gradients of water, food, sediment and interacting agents. Two main objectives prevail in aquatic pollution monitoring programs: (1) determining contaminant concentrations in consumed part of organisms considering the health risk for humans, and (2) using organisms as an environmental indicator of aquatic ecosystem's quality. © 2010 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.identifier.endpage221en_US
dc.identifier.isbn978-160876487-7
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84895304943en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityN/Aen_US
dc.identifier.startpage193en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/15497
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNova Science Publishers, Inc.en_US
dc.relation.ispartofImpact, Monitoring and Management of Environmental Pollutionen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryKitap Bölümü - Uluslararasıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.titleHeavy metal pollution in aquatic environmentsen_US
dc.typeBook Chapteren_US

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