Stochastic convergence in carbon emissions based on a new Fourier-based wavelet unit root test

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dc.authoridadebola, Sakiru/0000-0001-7722-1029
dc.authoridErdogan, Sinan/0000-0003-3491-8234
dc.contributor.authorErdogan, Sinan
dc.contributor.authorSolarin, Sakiru Adebola
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-18T20:59:07Z
dc.date.available2024-09-18T20:59:07Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentHatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractMost of the existing studies on stochastic convergence of emission have not adequately considered smooth structural changes. The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of stochastic convergence at different income levels by recently proposed Fourier-based wavelet augmented Dickey-Fuller test with smooth shifts. Empirical results can be summed up as follows: (i) carbon emission per capita follows the stationarity process in 35 high-income countries, while carbon emission per capita follows the stationarity process in 27 upper-middle-income countries; (ii) besides, carbon emission per capita follows stationarity process in 30 lower-middle-income countries, while carbon emission per capita follows stationarity process in 13 low-income countries; (iii) in light of these findings, it can be said that stochastic convergence among different income groups is valid. The implications of the empirical findings for environmental planning and management are discussed in the body of the paper.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s11356-020-12033-y
dc.identifier.endpage21899en_US
dc.identifier.issn0944-1344
dc.identifier.issn1614-7499
dc.identifier.issue17en_US
dc.identifier.pmid33410083en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85099030775en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage21887en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12033-y
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/12384
dc.identifier.volume28en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000605574100005en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Heidelbergen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Science and Pollution Researchen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectStochastic convergenceen_US
dc.subjectCarbon emissionsen_US
dc.subjectWaveleten_US
dc.subjectFourieren_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental managementen_US
dc.titleStochastic convergence in carbon emissions based on a new Fourier-based wavelet unit root testen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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