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Öğe Can thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) volatile oil alleviate the detrimental effects of high stocking densities in Japanese quail?(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2020) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Aksu, TaylanThis study was conducted to observe the effects of thyme plant (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) volatile oil on quails and intestinal microbiota in high stocking density. For this purpose, 300 7-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were used in the study. The quails were selected on the basis of body weight and divided into 6 groups, each consisting of 5 replications that contained 50 quail chicks according to the following experimental design: positive control group (NSD - CONT), with normal stocking density and no additive; negative control group (HSD - CONT), with high stocking density (HSD) and no additive; group HSD - ANT, with HSD and 10 mg/kg of avilamycin additive, and other groups named HSD - T1, T2, and T3, with HSD and 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of volatile oil additive respectively. In the study, a stocking density of 160 cm(2)/quail was chosen, while the high stocking density (HSD) was 90 cm(2)/quail. A statistically significant difference was found in terms of improvements in feed intake and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01), and the highest total bacteria count (cfu/g) was observed in HSD - CONT group (P < 0.01). The addition of zahter-thyme volatile oil in the diet of quails kept in high stocking density provided improvements at various levels with regard to intestinal microbiota and animal performance. It was observed that the inclusion of zahter-thyme volatile oil, in particular at 600 mg per kg level, reduced the detrimental effects of stress generated by high stocking density.Öğe Carcass composition, meat quality and antibody levels in male and female Broiler chickens reared on low dietary protein(Ankara Univ Press, 2010) Atasoy, Fatih; Yakan, Akin; Ugurlu, Mustafa; Unal, Necmettin; Aksu, Taylan; Cengiz, SeydaThis research was conducted at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Farm. The three hundred and sixty of one-day old chicks were seperated to male and female sex groups, and each sex group were also divided in to control, experiment I and 2 groups. Regimen feeding programme applied as crude protein 23.10 % from 1 to 11 days for all groups; 21.80, 20.20 and 18.40 % from 11 to 31 days for control, experiment I and 2 respectively. All groups were fed with % 18.40 crude protein from 32 to 47 days of age. Metabolic energy levels were 3117.80, 3083.69 and 3120.55 kcal / kg for all diet periods respectively. Animals were slaughtered at 40 and 47 days of age. Body weights at 47(th) day for males in experiment 1 and control groups were found similars (3075 ve 3086 g). The best feed conversion rate was found in males of experiment 1 groups (1.643 ve 1.763). Dressing, chilled dressing, breast, thigh and wing weights in males were found heavier (p<0.05, p<0.01) than females and similar in males of experiment I and control. The abdominal fat weight were high (p<0.001) in female and control groups. The average values estimated for the meat pH was similar in male and female as well as in experiments and control groups. Lightness, redness and yellowness (L*, a*, b*) values were high in females, water holding capacities were similar, cooking losses value was high in both male and experiments (p<0.01). While the crude protein values in experiment groups were high among groups, the intramuscular fat content was statistically similar. The percentage of crude ash and dry matter were Sigh (p<0.001) in control, the saturated fatty acid was similar, mono and polyunsaturated and omega-6 fatty acid were also similar or high in experiment groups. Antibody response to sheep red blood cell was found to be high (p<0.05) in control groups. In conclusion the body weight and feed conversion ratios were found high in male groups. The growth performance and carcass yield of male groups in experiment I were similar to control. There were no significant differences for meat quality and viability. Omega-6 in experiments over groups and antibody response in control were high. Hence sex separate rearing and diet programme in experiment I could be suggested in practical application.Öğe Effect of dietary essential oils and /or humic acids on broiler performance, microbial population of intestinal content and antibody titres in the summer season(2009) Aksu, Taylan; Bozkurt, Sarper AhmetThis study was conducted to observe the effect of essantial oils and/or humic acids in broilers reared farm condition (without suitable techical equipment) during summer season. A total of two hundred male chicks broilers (Ross-308) aged one day were weighed and randomly allocated to five treatment groups each containing 40 chicks. Each grop was divided into four replicate. Chicks were assigned to the basal diet (CON) and the basal diet supplemented with 250 ppm antibiotic (ANTI), 1000 ppm essential oils (EO), 1500 ppm humic acids (H) and combination of same levels of EO plus humic acids (EO+H) diet until 42 days of age, respectively. The colony forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli in the digesta of birds fed either the diet supplemented antibiotic and the diet supplemented with essential oils and/or humic acids were significantly lower than in those given control. However, inclusion of essential oil and/or humic acids increased the CFU of Lactobacilli compare to those antibiotic supplementing. Antibody titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were tending to numerically increase in all supplemental diets. At the end of the experiment, essential oils and/or humic acids did not show favorable effect in animal performance. Supplements did not alter the carcass traits.Öğe Effect of dietary essential oils and/or humic acids on broiler performance, microbial population of intestinal content and antibody titres in the summer season(KAFKAS UNIVERSITY, 2009) Aksu, Taylan; Bozkurt, Ahmet SarperThis study was conducted to observe the effect of essantial oils and/or humic acids in broilers reared farm condition (without suitable techical equipment) during summer season. A total of two hundred male chicks broilers (Ross-308) aged one day were weighed and randomly allocated to five treatment groups each containing 40 chicks. Each grop was divided into four replicate. Chicks were assigned to the basal diet (CON) and the basal diet supplemented with 250 ppm antibiotic (ANTI), 1000 ppm essential oils (EO), 1500 ppm humic acids (H) and combination of same levels of EO plus humic acids (EO+H) diet until 42 days of age, respectively. The colony forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli in the digesta of birds fed either the diet supplemented antibiotic and the diet supplemented with essential oils and/or humic acids were significantly lower than in those given control. However, inclusion of essential oil and/or humic acids increased the CFU of Lactobacilli compare to those antibiotic supplementing. Antibody titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were tending to numerically increase in all supplemental diets. At the end of the experiment, essential oils and/or humic acids did not show favorable effect in animal performance. Supplements did not alter the carcass traits.Öğe Effect of Dietary Essential Oils and/or Humic Acids on Broiler Performance, Microbial Population of Intestinal Content and Antibody Titres in the Summer Season(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2009) Aksu, Taylan; Bozkurt, Ahmet SarperThis study was conducted to observe the effect of essantial oils and/or humic acids in broilers reared farm condition (without suitable techical equipment) during summer season. A total of two hundred male chicks broilers (Ross-308) aged one day were weighed and randomly allocated to five treatment groups each containing 40 chicks. Each grop was divided into four replicate. Chicks were assigned to the basal diet (CON) and the basal diet supplemented with 250 ppm antibiotic (ANTI), 1000 ppm essential oils (EO), 1500 ppm humic acids (H) and combination of same levels of EO plus humic acids (EO+H) diet until 42 days of age, respectively. The colony forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli in the digesta of birds fed either the diet supplemented antibiotic and the diet supplemented with essential oils and/or humic acids were significantly lower than in those given control. However, inclusion of essential oil and/or humic acids increased the CFU of Lactobacilli compare to those antibiotic supplementing. Antibody titres against Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) were tending to numerically increase in all supplemental diets. At the end of the experiment, essential oils and/or humic acids did not show favorable effect in animal performance. Supplements did not alter the carcass traits.Öğe The effect of dietary lead exposure and ascorbic acid on performance, lipid peroxidation status and biochemical parameters of broilers(2005) Erdoğan, Zeynep; Erdoğan, Suat; Aksu, Taylan; Baytok, ErolKurşun hayvanlarda fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal fonksiyon bozuculuklarına yol açan, yaygın bulunan çevre kirleticilerden biridir. Bu araştırmada broyler piliçlerin yemle kurşuna maruz kalmasının ve askorbik asit ilavesinin performans, serum biyokimyasal parametreler ile plazma malondialdehid seviyesi ve kurşun birikim düzeyi üzerine etkisi belirlendi. Bu amaçla, kurşun asetat 200 mg/kg ve askorbik asit 100 mg/kg oranında ayrı ayrı ve birlikte 42 gün süreyle karma yeme katıldı. Araştırmada 120 adet broyler civciv 3'er alt gruplu: kontrol, askorbik asit, kurşun ve kurşun + askorbik asitten oluşan 4 gruba ayrıldı. Araştırma sonunda kurşun ilavesi, canlı ağırlık ve canlık ağırlık artışında belirgin düşüklüğe neden oldu (P < 0,05). Yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı, kurşun ve askorbik asidin ayrı ayrı ve birlikte katılmasından etkilenmedi. Kurşun, serum laktat dehidrojenaz, aspartat aminotransferaz, alanin aminotransferaz aktivitesi, albumin ve total protein konsantrasyonunu etkilemezken, malondialdehid (P < 0.001) ve trigliserid (P < 0,01) seviyesini belirgin olarak yükseltti. Serum ve kas kurşun düzeyi değişmezken, kurşun, böbrek ve karaciğerde birikim yaptı (P < 0,01). Bu araştırma sonucunda, kurşunun (200 mg/kg yem) broylerlerde büyümeyi baskıladığı ve plasma malondialdehid seviyesini yükselttiği belirlenmiştir. Yeme katılan askorbik asit kurşunun neden olduğu lipid peroksidasyonunu düşürmüş ve kurşunun büyümeyi baskılayıcı etkisini azaltma eğiliminde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Rasyona daha yüksek dozlarda askorbik asit katılmasının kurşunun büyüme üzerine olan olumsuz etkisinin tamamen giderilmesinde etkili olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe The effect of different levels of canola oil on performance, egg shell quality and fatty acid composition of laying hens(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012) Gül, Mehmet; Akif Yörük, M.; Aksu, Taylan; Kaya, Adem; Kaynar, ÖzgürThe effects of different levels of canola oil (0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0%) on the performance, egg shell quality and fatty acid composition of laying hens were investigated in the present study. A total of 96 chickens consisting of 24 chickens in each group were used in the four groups. Feed and water were offered as ad libitum. Egg production was recorded daily, while feed intake was recorded weekly. Egg quality criteria were determined in 12 eggs from each group. The egg yolk fatty acid profile was determined with gas chromatography. The use of increasing levels of canola oil decreased egg production, egg weight and daily feed intake (in group including 6.0% canola oil, 70.98%, 61.68g, 109.52g respectively), although these mentioned parameters increased in the control group according to the other canola oil groups and conversely did not affect the feed conversion. In addition, supplementation of canola oil increased the yellow colour of the eggs and the egg-yellow index. On days 21 TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance) value significantly increased depending on increasing levels of canola oil (13.60, 14.78, 16.68, respectively), while on days 42 TBARS value did not change. The egg yolk lipid profile was not significantly difference in the canola oil groups, conversely decreased a very small amount of in the control group. The blood serum lipid profile decreased in the canola oil groups according to the control group. In the same time, monoaçildigliserol also decreased in the canola additive groups. In parallel with increasing levels of canola oil (42.94, 42.14 and 43.51%, respectively), monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) in the egg yolks significantly increased compared to the control group (36.05%). On the basis of the results, we concluded that canola oil supplementation into the diet of laying hens is important in producing monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich functional eggs. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2012.Öğe The effect of formic acid, molasses and inoculant as silage additives on corn silage composition and ruminal fermentation characteristics in sheep(2005) Baytok, Erol; Aksu, Taylan; Karslı, Mehmet Akif; Muruz, HabipBu araştırma formik asit, melas ve mikrobiyal inokülant (homofermentatif laktik asit bakterileri) katkılı mısır silajlarının kalitelerini ve koyunlarda rumen fermantasyonuna etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Katkısız ve formik asit (% 0,5), melas (% 5) ve İnokulant (10 g/ton) katkılı silajlar rumen kanüllü 1,5 yaşlı Kıvırcık x Morkaraman koyunlara yedirildi. Melas katkılı silajlarda KM ve HP içerikleri diğer gruplara göre yüksek bulundu (P < 0,05). Muameleler arasında silaj pH'sı bakımından farklılık bulunmadı. Laktik asit düzeyi enzim ve melas katkılı gruplarda diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek belirlendi (P < 0,05). Asetik asit düzeyi en yüksek asit katkılı, en düşük melas katkılı grupta belirlendi (P < 0,05). Silajları tüketen tokluların yemleme öncesi ve sonrası rumen sıvısı organik asit miktarlarında katkılı silajlar lehinde farklılık gözlenirken (P < 0,05); katkılı silaj tüketen toklularda genel olarak asetik asit miktarı daha düşük, bütirik asit miktarı daha yüksek tespit edildi. Muameleler arasında propiyonik asit bakımından farklılığa rastlanmadı.Öğe The effect of fresh and frozen pre-fermented juice on the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage(2012) Denek, Nihat; Can, Abdullah; Avcı, Mehmet; Aksu, TaylanBu çalışma, fermente edilmiş laktik asit sıvısının (PFJ) yonca silajının fermentasyon kalitesi, besinsel kompozisyonu ve in vitro gaz üretim değerleri üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. PFJ’ler arpa (B), buğday (W) ve çayır otu (G) kullanılarak hazırlanmış ve hem taze olarak (PFJ-B, PFJ-W ve PFJ-G) hemde dondurulmuş olarak $(PFJ-B_{F},PFJ-W_{F},vePFJ-G_{F})$ silaj materyaline ilave edilerek inkube edilmişlerdir. Muameleler (1) kontrol (katkısız yonca silajı); (2) PFJ-B katkılı; (3) PFJ-W katkılı; (4) PFJ-G katkılı; (5) $PFJ-B_{F}$ katkılı; (6) $PFJ-W_{F}$ katkılı ve (7) PFJ-GF katkılı gruplardan oluşmuştur. Silajlar kontrol ve her bir muamele grubu için 5 tekerrür olacak şekilde 1 litrelik cam kavanozlarda hazırlanmışlardır. Dondurulmuş PFJ’ler -$22^{o}C$’de %20 gliserol (v/v) ilave edilerek hazırlanmıştır. Genel olarak tüm taze ve dondurulmuş PFJ katkıları ile hazırlanan silajların fermantasyon kaliteleri kontrol silajından daha iyi bulunmuştur. PFJ katkıları ile hazırlanan silajların pH, bütirik asit (BA) ve silaj amonyak azotu $NH_{3}-N$ konsantrasyonları kontrol silajından düşük (P<0.05); laktik asit (LA) konsantrasyonu, in vitro organik madde sindirimi (İVOMS), metabolik enerji (ME) içeriği ve gaz üretim miktarları ise kontrol silajından yüksek (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, PFJ ilavesinin yonca silajının fermentasyon kalitesi, İVOMS, ME ve gaz üretim değerlerini arttırdığı görülmüştürÖğe The effect of Origanum syriacum L. extract and carvacrol on the in vitro digestion, estimated digestion values, ammonia and organic acid concentrations in the fermentation fluid of lucerne herbage(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2022) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Aksu, Taylan; Kara, Kanber; Aksu, Devrim SaripinarThe effects induced by medicinal aromatic plants in biological systems vary with the type and amount of bioactive substances these plants contain. Whether the purified form of the main chemical components of these plants, such as carvacrol and thymol, or plant volatile oils containing tens of bioactive compounds are more effective remains a question of debate. This study was aimed at providing a comparative assessment of the effects of Origanum syriacum L. (wild mountain thyme) volatile oil (OSVO) and one of its main components, carvacrol (CRV), on the in vitro ruminal degradability of lucerne herbage and methane production during the degradation of lucerne. For this purpose, wild thyme was harvested at the beginning of the flowering period, and the OSVO was extracted from the plant by steam distillation. Gas production assays were performed in five groups of ruminal fluid samples, one of which was maintained for control purposes, and the other four 40/60/80 mg/l of OSVO and 60 mg/l of CRV were added. Compared to the control group, in the samples with the added CRV and OSVO, the amounts of in vitro total gas and methane production were observed to have been affected, but no decrease was detected in the ruminal protozoa counts. The level of ammonia nitrogen was lowest in the groups, in which CRV and 40 mg/l of OSVO (P < 0.01) were added. The ruminal protozoa counts were not affected by the addition of CRV and OSVO. While the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and propionic acid (PA) concentrations in the in vitro fermentation fluid of lucerne herbage were low in all the groups, butyric acid was detected at a level of 40 mg/l in the group where CRV was added. The OSVO was ascertained to have induced dose-dependent alterations in the investigated in vitro digestion parameters. In result, CRV (60 mg/l) and OSVO (40 mg/l) were determined to have shown a relatively positive effect on the in vitro ruminal gas production. The anti-methano genic effect of the plant extracts was due to the decreased digestibility of the lucerne herbage. This can have a positive impact on the environment, but the same cannot be said for the animal nutrient use and animal performance.Öğe Effect of Some Essential Oils on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Alfalfa Hay(Mattioli 1885, 2021) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Aksu, Taylan; Kalamak, Adem; Kaya, Durmus Alpaslan; Aksu, Devrim Saripinar; Sakin, Fatib; Turkmen, MusaStudy Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of essential oils derived from the leaves of Laurus nobilis (LNEO), Myrtus communis (MCEO), Lavandula stoechas (LSEO), Artemisia annua (AAEO), and Thymbra spicata (TSEO) on the rumen fermentation parameters (gas production, methane emission, organic acids, and the number of protozoa) of dry alfalfa hay. Methods: The components of all essential oils were analyzed. The effects of adding the same dose (60 mg/L) of each essential oil to the rumen fluid on in vitro rumen digestion were determined by in vitro gas production. Results: The addition of Lavandula stoechas, Artemisia annua, Myrtus communis, and Laura nobilis essential oils decreased the total gas and methane formation (ml), organic matter digestion (OMD), ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels, and the metabolic energy (ME) values. On the other hand, the Thymbra spicata essential oil did not affect any parameter except the ruminal ammonia nitrogen level. The rumen protozoa numbers were unaffected by the addition of Thymbra spicata essential oil. The total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetic acid (AA), propionic acid (PA), and butyric acid (BA) amounts in the in vitro fermentation fluid of alfalfa hay were low in all groups. Conclusion: It was determined that the active ingredients of LSEO, AAEO, MCEO, and LNEO may have a regulatory effect on ruminal fermentation. We think that more studies using different feed types and combinations of essential oils are required to reveal the effects of these essential oils on ecology and the physiology of the digestive system.Öğe The effect of soybean meal treated with formaldehyde on amount of protected protein in the rumen and absorption of amino acid from small intestines(2006) Yörük, Mehmet Akif; Aksu, Taylan; Gül, Mehmet; Bolat, BülentBu araştırma formaldehit ile işleme tabi tutulmuş soya küspesinin rumen fermantasyonu, mikrobiyal protein sentezi korunmuş protein (by-pass protein) miktarı ve ince bağırsaklarda amino asit emilimi üzerine etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada hayvan materyali olarak, rumen duodenal ve ileal kanül takılmış 4 adet 1 yaşlı morkaraman koç kullanılmıştır. Yem materyali olarak günlük 800 g kuru yonca ve ağırlıklarının %8'i oranında su ve ham protein miktarlarının % 0, 0,3, 0,6 ve 0,9 düzeyinde saf formaldehit içeren solüsyonlarla işleme tabi tutulmuş 100 g soya küspesi verilmiştir. Duodenuma geçen günlük ham protein miktarı formaldehit işleminden etkilenmezken, günlük mikrobiyal ham protein miktarı özellikle % 0,3 ve 0,6 formaldehitli gruplarda azalmıştır (P < 0,05). Duodenum ve ileum ADF ve NDF sindirimleri bakımından gruplar arasında farklılık olmamıştır. Özellikle % 0,3 ve 0,6 düzeyinde uygulanan formaldehit işlemi duodenumdan esansiyel amino asitlerin (arjinin, histidin, löysin, metionin, fenilalanin ve valin) ve nonesansiyel amino asitlerin (alanin, aspartic asit) emilimini önemli derecede artırırken, tirozin emilimini azaltmıştır (P < 0,05). Esansiyel (löysin, valin) ve nonesansiyel amino asitlerin (serin, tirozin) ileumdan emilimi formaldehit uygulaması ile önemli derecede artmıştır (P < 0,05). Duodenumdan günlük toplam esansiyel amino asit emilimi de formaldehit uygulaması ile önemli derecede artırmıştır (P < 0,05). Sonuç olarak, % 0,3 ve % 0,6 formaldehit muamelesi soya küspesinin biyoyararlanilabilirliğini artırmıştırÖğe The effect of Thyme (Thymbra spicata L var. spicata) essential oil on the antioxidant potential and meat quality of Japanese Quail fed in various stocking densities(Ataturk Universitesi, 2019) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Aksu, TaylanThis study was conducted to determine the antioxidant effect of the Thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) essential oil on meat quality of Japanese Quail fed in various stocking densities. In this study, a total of up to 7-day age 300 Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) chickens were used and theexperimental period lasted for 28 days. The chickens were divided into 6 groups, each containing 50 chicks Control group (CONT), High stocking density control group (HSD-CONT), an antibiotic group (HSD-ANT), zahter oil groups (HSD-T1, T2, T3). At the end of the study, serum MDA level was found significantly higher in the HSD-ANT group than the other groups (P<0.01). It was determined that the stocking density has a significant effect on the pH and colour of brisket (P<0.01). Moreover, inclusions of thyme essential oil supplementation into the diets of quails fed in high stocking density provided various levels of improvements on antioxidant potantial, and especially thyme EO at 600 mg per kg were found more effective to ameliorete the detrimental effects of oxidative stress caused by high stocking density. © 2019 Ataturk Universitesi. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of Thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) Essential oil on the antioxidant potential and meat quality of Japanese quail fed in various stocking densities(Atatürk Üniversitesi, 2019) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Aksu, TaylanThis study was conducted to determine the antioxidant effect of the Thyme (Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata) essential oil on meat quality of Japanese Quail fed in various stocking densities. In this study, a total of up to 7-day age 300 Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) chickens were used and theexperimental period lasted for 28 days. The chickens were divided into 6 groups, each containing 50 chicks Control group (CONT), High stocking density control group (HSD-CONT), an antibiotic group (HSD-ANT), zahter oil groups (HSD-T1, T2, T3). At the end of the study, serum MDA level was found significantly higher in the HSD-ANT group than the other groups (P<0.01). It was determined that the stocking density has a significant effect on the pH and colour of brisket (P<0.01). Moreover, inclusions of thyme essential oil supplementation into the diets of quails fed in high stocking density provided various levels of improvements on antioxidant potantial, and especially thyme EO at 600 mg per kg were found more effective to ameliorete the detrimental effects of oxidative stress caused by high stocking density.Öğe The Effects of Laurel Volatile Oil (Laurusnobilis L.)on In Vitro Ruminal Gas Production of Methane Emission, Organic Acids and Protozoa Counts Alfalfa Herbage(2020) Önel, Süleyman Ercüment; Aksu, Taylan; Kara, Kanber; Aksu, Devrim SarıpınarThe aim of the present in vitrostudy was to investigate the effects of laurel volatile oil, (Laurusnobilis L.)on ruminal gas production, methane emission, organic acids and protozoa counts of Alfalfa herbage. The components of laurel volatile oil were analysed. The effects of the addition of laurel volatile oil, at levels of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L (L0, L50, L100 and L200), to the rumen fluid onin vitroruminal digestion were determined using byin vitro gas produc-tion technique. The addition of 50 mg/L of laurel volatile oil decreased total gas and methane production (ml), organic matter digestion (OMD), and metabolic energy (ME) values. On the other hand, the addition of this oil at levels of 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L was observed not to alter the in vitrototal gas, methane (ml), ME and OMD values (P<0.05). While ruminal ammonia nitrogen levels decreased in Groups L50 and L100, no alteration was detected in Group L200 (P<0.05). Ruminal protozoa counts did not affected by the addition of laurel volatile oil within a range of 50-200 mg/L (P>0.05). The amounts of the total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and butyric acid (BA) in the in vitrofermentation fluid of alfalfa herbage were low in all groups. It was determined that laurel volatile oil (LaurusnobilisL.) caused dose-dependent alterations in the in vitrodigestion parameters.As a result, it has been determined that the active substanc-es in Laurusnobilis L. essential oil may have regulation power on ruminal fermentation. It is thought that more research is needed to reveal the effects of Laurusnobilis L. volatile in terms of both ecological and digestive system physiology by using different feed types and essential oil combinations.Öğe The effects of lower levels of organically complexed zinc, copper and manganese in broiler diets on performance, mineral concentration of tibia and mineral excretion(2011) Aksu, Taylan; Özsoy, Bülent; Sarıpınar Aksu, Devrim; Yörük, Mehmet Akif; Gül, MehmetThe effects of replacing inorganic with lower levels of organic trace minerals of Zn, Cu and Mn on growth performance, mineralexcretion and mineral concentration in tibia were investigated in broilers. One-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were used. Chicks were divided into 4 different groups as 1 control and 3 experimental groups consisted of 50 chicks. All groups were also divided into 5 replicates containing 10 chicks. Starter (0-21 d) and finisher (21-42 d) broiler diets which not included Zn, Cu and Mn wereused. Specially prepared mineral premix (containing at 40 mg Zn, 80 mg Cu and 60 mg Mn levels of inorganic minerals in each kg as sulphate form) added to control diet in the level of recommended by NRC. Mineral content of the control diet was prepared usingstandard inorganic mineral premix that reflects the normal supplementary levels and source of trace minerals for commercial broilerfeed recommended by National Research Council. In the experimental diets, mineral premix was also prepared as inorganic formsexcept of Zn, Cu and Mn. Organically complexed Zn, Cu, and Mn were separately added into basal diet at 1/3, 2/3 and 3/3 proportions as BioplexTM instead of inorganic forms of those mineral recommended levels by NRC. Experiment lasted 42 days. Results showedthat organically complexed trace minerals can be used at a much lower concentration than the current recommended as inorganicminerals, without a negative impact on performance, while also decreasing the excess mineral excretion. Further studies are needed to determine the proper level of organic trace minerals by taking tibia mineral levels into consideration.Öğe The effects of lower supplementation levels of organically complexed minerals (Zinc, Copper and Manganese) versus inorganic forms on hematological and biochemical parameters in broilers(2010) Saripinar Aksu, Devrim; Aksu, Taylan; Q?zsoy, BülentThe present study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing inorganic with at lower level of organically complexed minerals (Zn, Cu and Mn) on hematological and biochemical parameters in broilers. A total of two hundred Ross-308 one-day-old broiler chickens were used. Chicks were randomized into 1 control and 3 treated groups each containing S0 chicks and each experimental group comprised S of subgroups including 10 chicks. Mineral content of the control diet was prepared according to National Research Council (NRC) as inorganic salts. In treated groups, organically complexed Zn, Cu and Mn were separately added into the basal diet at 1/3 (group 1), 2/3 (group 2) and 3/3 (group 3) proportions as BioplexTM, instead of inorganic levels of those minerals recommended by NRC, respectively. The plasma Zn level significantly increased as the serum Cu level significantly decreased (P<0.05) in chickens fed at 2/3 and 3/3 levels of organic minerals. The hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly higher in group L1. Total leukocyte count and peripheral blood leukocyte type were in the normal range reported in both the control and organic mineral supplemented groups. As the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level increased, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels decreased in chickens fed organically complexed minerals. Results showed that using at much lower level organically complexed minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn) in broiler diets instead of inorganic forms of those minerals has not created a negative impact on hematological and biochemical parameters.Öğe The Effects of Lower Supplementation Levels of Organically Complexed Minerals (Zinc, Copper and Manganese) Versus Inorganic Forms on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Broilers(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Aksu, Devrim Saripinar; Aksu, Taylan; Ozsoy, BulentThe present study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing inorganic with at lower level of organically complexed minerals (Zn, Cu and Mn) on hematological and biochemical parameters in broilers. A total of two hundred Ross-308 one-day-old broiler chickens were used. Chicks were randomized into 1 control and 3 treated groups each containing 50 chicks and each experimental group comprised 5 of subgroups including 10 chicks. Mineral content of the control diet was prepared according to National Research Council (NRC) as inorganic salts. In treated groups, organically complexed Zn, Cu and Mn were separately added into the basal diet at 1/3 (group 1), 2/3 (group 2) and 3/3 (group 3) proportions as Bioplex(TM), instead of inorganic levels of those minerals recommended by NRC, respectively. The plasma Zn level significantly increased as the serum Cu level significantly decreased (P<0.05) in chickens fed at 2/3 and 3/3 levels of organic minerals. The hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly higher in group L1. Total leukocyte count and peripheral blood leukocyte type were in the normal range reported in both the control and organic mineral supplemented groups. As the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level increased, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels decreased in chickens fed organically complexed minerals. Results showed that using at much lower level organically complexed minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn) in broiler diets instead of inorganic forms of those minerals has not created a negative impact on hematological and biochemical parameters.Öğe The Effects of Lower Supplementation Levels of Organically Complexed Minerals (Zinc,Copper and manganese) versus inorganic forms on hematological and biochemical parameters in broilers(2010) Sarıpınar Aksu, Devrim; Aksu, Taylan; Özsoy, BülentThe present study was carried out to investigate the effects of replacing inorganic with at lower level of organically complexed minerals (Zn, Cu and Mn) on hematological and biochemical parameters in broilers. A total of two hundred Ross-308 one-day-old broiler chickens were used. Chicks were randomized into 1 control and 3 treated groups each containing 50 chicks and each experimental group comprised 5 of subgroups including 10 chicks. Mineral content of the control diet was prepared according to National Research Council (NRC) as inorganic salts. In treated groups, organically complexed Zn, Cu and Mn were separately added into the basal diet at 1/3 (group 1), 2/3 (group 2) and 3/3 (group 3) proportions as $Bioplex^ {TM}$, instead of inorganic levels of those minerals recommended by NRC, respectively. The plasma Zn level significantly increased as the serum Cu level significantly decreased (P<0.05) in chickens fed at 2/3 and 3/3 levels of organic minerals. The hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume were significantly higher in group L1. Total leukocyte count and peripheral blood leukocyte type were in the normal range reported in both the control and organic mineral supplemented groups. As the high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level increased, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels decreased in chickens fed organically complexed minerals. Results showed that using at much lower level organically complexed minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn) in broiler diets instead of inorganic forms of those minerals has not created a negative impact on hematological and biochemical parameters.Öğe The effects of propolis and vitamin C supplemented feed on performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics in broilers exposed to lead(Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Seven, Ismail; Aksu, Taylan; Seven, Pinar TatliThe present study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin C and propolis supplemented diets on nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics and performance in broilers exposed to oxidative stress by lead administration. 360 three-days-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly divided into four treatment groups each containing 90 animals, including six replicate groups for each treatment. The experimental groups were designed for a 3-42 days period as follows: no supplement to basal ration (Control; group I); supplement of 500 ppm vitamin C and 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Vitamin C+Pb; group II); supplement of 1 g/kg propolis and 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Propolis + Pb; group III); and supplement of 200 ppm lead (as lead acetate) to basal ration (Pb; group IV). Feed intake was reduced with lead inclusion in the diet (P < 0.05). The presence of lead in the diet reduced the body weight gain (BWG) but vitamin C or propolis supplementation improved the BWG in comparison to lead administered group at 3-42 days (P < 0.01). Feed conversion ratio of control, vitamin C+lead, and propolis+lead groups improved (P < 0.05) in comparison to lead administrated group from 29 to 35 days. Utilization of crude protein improved with both vitamin C and propolis supplementation in comparison to the lead administrated group (P < 0.05). Hot and cold carcass, leg and breast yields were higher (P < 0.05) for the control than for the lead added groups (P < 0.05). Except to breast yield, other carcass characteristics in the control group were similar with those of the vitamin C or propolis supplemented groups. The results suggested that lead inclusion in diet of birds had negative effects on the performance while propolis supplements improved the growth, nutrient utilization and carcass yield. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
