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Öğe Circulating mineral element concentrations in Sakiz crossbred lambs with pica disorder(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2010) Aytekin, I.; Onmaz, A. C.; Kalinbacak, A.; Aypak, S. U.; Alp, H.The aims of this study were to determine the serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, cupper, zinc and iron concentrations in lambs with pica disorder, and to evaluate the efficiency of mineral preparation as treatment. The study was performed on 25 Sakiz crossbred lambs, 1-2 months old, whose 15 lambs exhibiting clinical signs for pica (soil eating, surface licking, wool-eating, weight loss, development retardation and a strong desire to eat non-food objects) and 10 were apparently healthy. Blood samples were taken for measuring serum concentrations of minerals and trace elements 5 days before and after treatment with a vitamin-mineral combination (Kalmina (R) VIL-SAN, 0.3 ml/kg, IV). Whereas serum Ca, Mg, P, Cu and Zn concentrations did not significantly differ between affected and healthy lambs, it was observed a marked decrease of iron concentration (P < 0.05) in all animals with pica. After Kalmina (R) injection, clinical signs of pica totally disappeared in 67% of diseased lambs (10/15) and a significant increase of P concentrations compared to initial values (P < 0.05) was observed associated with slight and not significant increases of serum Cu and Zn concentrations. The sideremia was also significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) but remained below control values, particularly in the 5 lambs which still presented an abnormal behaviour. Consequently, it was concluded that iron deficiency may play an important role for the aetiology of pica and the mineral element supplementation could be beneficial for the treatment of lambs with pica.Öğe Detection of borderline dosage of malathion intoxication in a rat's brain(Verduci Publisher, 2015) Varol, S.; Basarslan, S. K.; Firat, U.; Alp, H.; Uzar, E.; Arikanoglu, A.; Evliyaoglu, O.OBJECTIVE: Humans and other animals are liable to expose to low doses of malathion (MAL). However, experimental studies on its toxic threshold dose and toxic low-dose effects have not been conducted. The aims of this study were to detect the initiation of the toxic effects of sub-acute low doses (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) of MAL by immunohistochemical and biochemical parameters in rat brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=7) including control and three different amounts of MAL-exposed groups (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg). RESULTS: On immunohistochemical examination, the number of caspase-3-positive cells in all MAL-exposed groups was significantly higher than in the control group. Consistent with this, the total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and the levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and paraoxanase activity were significantly different in the 5 and 10 mg/kg MAL-exposed groups compared with the control group. Additionally, the total oxidant status and malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in the 5 and 10 mg/kg MAL-exposed groups compared with those in the 2.5 mg/kg MAL-exposed group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that over 5 mg/kg MAL exposure may result in dose-dependent oxidative stress, increased caspase-3 activity, and launching to the toxic effects in rat brain.Öğe Effects of 2, 4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood anti-oxidant / oxidant balance and on tissues in lambs(2010) Aytekn, I.; Onmaz, A.C.; Alp, H.; Ulucan, A.In this study, the effects of the common herbicide 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood antioxidant / oxidant status and on various organs were investigated in Sakiz crossbred lambs. For that, 6 lambs were poisoned accidentally with the herbicide whereas 6 other healthy animals served as negative controls and plasma MDA and GSH concentrations as well as serum ascorbate, retinol and ?-carotene concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry two days later. In parallel, conventional histological analysis was performed on lungs, liver, kidney and heart from a lamb dead after 2,4-D exposure. Blood antioxidant/oxidant balance was altered due to a significant increase of MDA concentrations coupled to a significant decrease of GSH concentrations in intoxicated lambs compared to controls. Congestive lesions and some haemorrhages were evidenced in lungs and kidneys and cell degeneration associated with lymphocyte infiltrate were observed in liver, kidneys and in heart. These results highly suggest that the herbicide 2.4-D induces an oxidative stress leading to cell destructions and tissue injury.Öğe Effects of 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood anti-oxidant oxidant balance and on tissues in lambs(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2010) Aytekin, I.; Onmaz, A. C.; Alp, H.; Ulucan, A.In this study, the effects of the common herbicide 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood antioxidant / oxidant status and on various organs were investigated in Sakiz crossbred lambs. For that, 6 lambs were poisoned accidentally with the herbicide whereas 6 other healthy animals served as negative controls and plasma MDA and GSH concentrations as well as serum ascorbate, retinol and beta-carotene concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry two days later. In parallel, conventional histological analysis was performed on lungs, liver, kidney and heart front a lamb dead after 2,4-D exposure. Blood antioxidant/oxidant balance was altered due to a significant increase of MDA concentrations coupled to a significant decrease of GSH concentrations in intoxicated lambs compared to controls. Congestive lesions and some haemorrhages were evidenced in lungs and kidneys and cell degeneration associated with lymphocyte infiltrate were observed in liver, kidneys and in heart. These results highly suggest that the herbicide 2.4-D induces an oxidative stress leading to cell destructions and tissue injury.Öğe Effects of accidental ammonium Sulphate poisoning on antioxidant / oxidant status in lambs(2011) Aytekin, I.; Onmaz, A.C.; Ulucan, A.; Alp, H.In this study, the effects of the ammonium sulphate intoxication on the blood antioxidant /oxidant status were investigated in Sakiz crossbred Iambs. For that, circulating blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), ?-carotene, retinol and ceruloplasmin concentrations were measured in 6 lambs accidentally poisoned with ammonium sulphate and in 6 healthy control lambs. Oral treatment with 10% glutamic acid (lg/kg), 2.5% acetic acid (2.5 mL/kg) and vitamin A (400 IU/kg) was daily administered to diseased animals for five days. Poisoned lambs exhibited neurological signs (sleepiness, ataxia, tonic and clonic spasms) coupled to a rumen atony and acceleration of heart and respiratory rates compared to healthy controls. Biochemically, the circulating MDA, NO and BUN concentrations were markedly increased and the GSH, ?-carotene and vitamin A concentrations were significantly depressed compared to healthy controls whereas the ceruloplasmin concentrations were not significantly altered. After treatment, clinical and biochemical signs were significantly alleviated but, however 2 lambs died. For them, the histopathological examinations after haematoxylin-eosin staining revealed cell degeneration in liver, lungs and kidney associated to mononuclear cell infiltrates and proliferation of Küpffer cells. These results clearly showed the occurrence of an oxidative stress induced by ammonium sulphate poisoning leading to cell damage and proved the efficiency of a treatment based on organic acids and retinol supplementation.Öğe Effects of accidental ammonium Sulphate poisoning on antioxidant/oxidant status in lambs(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2011) Aytekin, I.; Onmaz, A. C.; Ulucan, A.; Alp, H.In this study, the effects of the ammonium sulphate intoxication on the blood antioxidant /oxidant status were investigated in Sakiz crossbred lambs. For that, circulating blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), beta-carotene, retinol and ceruloplasmin concentrations were measured in 6 lambs accidentally poisoned with ammonium sulphate and in 6 healthy control lambs. Oral treatment with 10% glutamic acid (1g/kg), 2.5% acetic acid (2.5 mL/kg) and vitamin A (400 IU/kg) was daily administered to diseased animals for five days. Poisoned lambs exhibited neurological signs (sleepiness, ataxia, tonic and clonic spasms) coupled to a rumen atony and acceleration of heart and respiratory rates compared to healthy controls. Biochemically, the circulating MDA, NO and BUN concentrations were markedly increased and the GSH, beta-carotene and vitamin A concentrations were significantly depressed compared to healthy controls whereas the ceruloplasmin concentrations were not significantly altered. After treatment, clinical and biochemical signs were significantly alleviated but, however 2 lambs died. For them, the histopathological examinations after haematoxylin-eosin staining revealed cell degeneration in liver, lungs and kidney associated to mononuclear cell infiltrates and proliferation of Kiipffer cells. These results clearly showed the occurrence of an oxidative stress induced by ammonium sulphate poisoning leading to cell damage and proved the efficiency of a treatment based on organic acids and retinol supplementation.Öğe Effects of sulforophane and curcumin on oxidative stress created by acute malathion toxicity in rats(Verduci Publisher, 2012) Alp, H.; Aytekin, I.; Hatipoglu, N. K.; Alp, A.; Ogun, M.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES, Organophosphate insecticides (OPIs) are widely used in agriculture and horticulture for controlling insects in crops, ornamentals, lawns, fruits, and vegetables. But, there have not yet any study about effects of sulforophane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR) on the oxidative stress created by acute toxic effects of malathion (MAL) as an OPI often causing human and animal poisoning. AIM, The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SFN and CUR on the oxidative stress created in the lung, liver, and kidney tissues of rats by acute MAL toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS, Thirty-six mature Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: unmedicated control, SFN, CUR, MAL control, MAL + SFN, and MAL + CUR. Tissue samples were analyzed for glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Biochemical parameters were measured colorimetrically by using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS, No statistically significantly difference was found when comparing the unmedicated control, SFN, and CUR groups. MAL significantly increased MDA levels in the liver and kidney tissues, but SFN and CUR these levels. MAL did significantly reduce the GSH levels, but SFN and CUR increased these levels by blocking the MAL effect in the liver tissues. Also, MAL significantly increased the NO levels, depending on the severity of the tissue damage, and SFN and CUR attenuated to NO levels and remained under the effect of MAL. CONCLUSIONS, SFN and CUR, which showed similar effects, could be used to protect against the oxidative stress caused by acute malathion intoxication.Öğe Is intralipid fat emulsion a promising therapeutic strategy on neurotoxicity induced by malathion in rats?(Verduci Publisher, 2014) Basarslan, S. K.; Alp, H.; Senol, S.; Evliyaoglu, O.; Ozkan, U.AIM: Malathion is one of the most widely used organophosphate pesticides and herbicides. It has given rise to major clinical problems by its poisoning in all over the world. Malathion also a highly lipophilic agent, and tends to accumulate within lipid-rich tissue like a brain in the body, causing toxicity. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate if there is a possible beneficial effect of using intralipid fat emulsion (IFE) on the neurotoxicity, and to detect it time-dependently at the beginning, 6th and 12th hours of M intoxication. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups including: control (C), Lipid (L) group (18.6 mL/kg oral IFE), Malathion (M) group (10 mg/kg oral M), M0L group (IFE treated after immediate from M), M6L group (IFE treated after 6 hours from M), M12L group (IFE treated after 12 hours from M). RESULTS: M group in comparison with all others group, there was an increase in the total oxidant status (TOS) level. M group in comparison with C, L, M0L groups, it was seen significantly decrease in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level. Interestingly, M group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was no significant difference among these groups in terms of the TAC levels. Although there was no significant difference among C, L and M0L groups in terms of both TAC and TOS levels, but was significant difference C, L groups in comparison with M6L, M12L groups in terms of TAC levels. C group in comparison with L, M0L, M6L, M12L groups in terms of TOS levels, there was no significant difference. These findings have indicated that IFE seriously reduced TOS levels in all the groups depending on time. Also, M0L group in comparison with M6L and M12L groups, there was significantly increase of the TAC levels. There was no statistically significant difference between M6L and M12L groups. These biochemical results were confirmed with immunohistochemical results. CONCLUSIONS: The study has had some certain evidence that IFE is a promising safe therapy for acutely intoxicated cases by organophosphate. It is much more effective if used at the beginning of organophosphate poisoning. As such, there is no need to avoid using IFE in clinical practice.Öğe Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, ellagic acid, sulforaphan and curcuma on malathion induced damage in lungs, liver and kidneys in an acute toxicity rat model(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2011) Alp, H.; Aytekin, I.; Esen, H.; Alp, A.; Buyukbas, S.; Basarali, K.; Hatipoglu, N. K.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), ellagic acid (EA), sulforaphan (SFN) and curcuma (CUR) against acute malathion (MAL) poisoning in rats. For that, 60 female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 equal groups according to the treatment: whereas one group served as unmedicated control and another was intoxicated with malathion (200 mg/kg, per ox) and served as positive control, rats from the other groups were treated with each of the four antioxidants (CAPE: 10 mu mol/kg, intraperitoneally, EA: 85 mg/kg, per ox, SFN: 0.5 mg/kg, per os and CUR: 1 g/kg, per os) alone or in combination with malathion. One day later, serum AChE (acetylcholinesterase), amylase and GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) activities were determined and a histopathological evaluation was performed on lungs, kidneys and liver. In MAL-intoxicated rats, the AChE activity was markedly depleted whereas the GOT and amylase activities were significantly increased compared to the unmedicated controls. In parallel, severe and extended inflammatory and degenerative cell lesions were evidenced in liver, kidneys and lungs. By contrast, changes in the serum enzyme activities were greatly attenuated and the organ damage was also markedly reduced but not completely abrogated when an antioxidant cotreatment has been instituted. In addition, CUR appeared as the more efficient for hindering biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by malathion. These results show the protective effects of CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR on acute malathion poisoning in rats.
