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Analysis of Assumed Violence Exposed Pediatric Cases
(Derman Medical Publ, 2012) Arica, Vefik; Tutanc, Murat; Arm, Mustafa; Arica, Secil; Turhan, Ebru; Zeren, Cem; Arslan, Mustafa
Aim: Violence against children is among one of the major problems encountered in family health practice. In this study, we aimed to analyze the demographic features of children who what exposed to violence and the types of violence exposed. Material and Method: Records of children who have administered to Hatay Child Police Department among 2005-2008 withcomplaint of violence exposure have been retrospectively analyzed. Results: Pediatric cases were analyzed according to their age, gender and the type of violence that they have benne exposed. The number of children that present with violence exposure was 156 while it raised to 597 with an increase of approximately 382%. 1577 cases presented during study period and 732 cases were male and 845 of them were female. We detected that male children between 0-12 years old age were more prone to violence exerted by family members as physical violence and wounding. Female children were exposed to more sexual violence and suicide while male children were exposed to physical violence.Discussion: We detected in this study that violence exerted to children show differences according to age and gender. It has been suggested that the number of children exposed to violence is much more higher than the reported number if we include economic and emotional abuse. Violence against children is an important issue that should be carefully addressed.
Analysis of children admitted to emergency department with acute abdominal pain in Van
(Duzce University Medical School, 2012) Arica, Vefik; Arica, Seçil; Tutanç, Murat; Gücük, Sebahat
Objective: Acute abdominal pain in children presents a diagnostic dilemma. Although many cases of acute abdominal pain are benign, some require rapid diagnosis and treatment to minimize morbidity. Numerous disorders can cause abdominal pain. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence, associated symptoms, and clinical outcomes of children with acute abdominal pain who had been admitted to an emergency department. Material and Methods: Children who presented to the emergency department in Van between October 2008 and October 2009 with acute abdominal pain and other symptoms of acute abdomen were enrolled in this study. A retrospective review of 140 charts of patients aged between 0-15 who presented with acute abdominal pain and possible acute abdomen to the Emergency Department of a Children Training Hospital over a 1-month period were evaluated. Patient demographics, presenting signs, and symptoms were documented. Results: Among 140 cases, 58 (41.4%) were boys, 82 (58.6%) were girls. The prevalent medical diagnoses were: gastroenteritis (27.1%, n=38), urinary tract infection (12.1%, n=17), acute abdominal pain with uncertain etiology (17.2%, n=24), upper respiratory tract infections (10.6%, n=15); familial Mediterranean fever (3.6%, n=5), constipation (17.2%, n=24), appendicitis (5%, n=7), menstruation pain (3.6%, n=5), hepatitis (3.6%, n=5). The most common surgical cause of acute abdominal pain was acute appendicitis (n: 7, 5%). Hundred and twelve children were referred to the department of pediatric surgery, but only 16 of 37 (11.4%) required surgical intervention. Conclusions: The most frequently seen causes of acute abdominal pain were due to internal diseases. The ratio of the surgical causes were 11.4%. © 2012 Düzce Medical Journal.
Anti-CCP Antibodies Are Not Associated with Familial Mediterranean Fever in Childhood
(Hindawi Ltd, 2013) Onur, Hatice; Aral, Hale; Arica, Vefik; Bercem, Gamze; Usta, Murat; Kasapcopur, Ozgur
Objective. Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) testing is useful in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with high specificity. Arthritis is a very common clinical manifestation in children with familialMediterranean fever (FMF). The aim of the study was to show the presence of anti-CCP antibodies in child individuals diagnosed with FMF. Material and Methods. The study groups comprised one hundred and twenty-six patients (126) diagnosed with FMF (female/male (n): 66/60) and 50 healthy controls (female/male (n): 25/25). Clinical and laboratory assessments of the FMF patients were performed during attack-free periods. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and anti-CCP antibody levels were measured. Results. Anti-CCP was negative in healthy controls and also in all FMF patients. There was not a significant difference in anti-CCP between the patient and the control groups. Our study has shown that anti-CCP was correlated moderately with age (rs = 0.271; p = 0.0020), duration of illness (rs = 0.331; p < 0.0001), and colchicine therapy (rs = 0.259; p = 0.004). Conclusion. Our data show that anti-CCP antibodies are not associated with FMF. Anti-CCP does not have a priority for identifying FMF arthritis from the other inflammatory arthritis.
Author's Reply, Malondialdehyde Level in the Cord Blood
(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2012) Arica, Vefik
[Abstract Not Available]
Beta-ketothiolase deficiency brought with lethargy: Case report
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2011) Arica, Vefik; Arica, Secil Gunher; Dag, Huseyin; Onur, Hatice; Obut, Omer; Gulbayzar, Sayat
Beta-ketothiolase deficiency is a rare autosonnal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism. This disorder is clinically characterized by ketoacidotic attacks. Ketoacidosis, vomiting, and dehydration, lethargy and coma may be seen during attacks. A 9-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital with acidosis and dehydration. The patient was lethargic. Ketoacidosis was suspected because of acetone odor on her breath. Her blood glucose level was 262 mg/dL and urine ketone was (++++). Branched chain amino acid levels were elevated in her blood sample. Organic acid analysis of urine revealed 2-methylacetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency. This was reported because of rarity of the disease and we should consider it in the differential diagnosis of ketoacidotic episodes.
Ceftriaxone ameliorates cyclosporine A-induced oxidative nephrotoxicity in rat
(Wiley, 2011) Yilmaz, Nigar; Ilhan, Selcuk; Naziroglu, Mustafa; Oktar, Suleyman; Nacar, Ahmet; Arica, Vefik; Tutanc, Murat
A growing body of evidence now suggested that cyclosporine A (CycA)-induced nephrotoxicity is a crucial clinical problem and oxidative stress is importantly responsible for its toxicity. Ceftriaxone induced antioxidant effect in brain and neuronal tissues against oxidative damage although its antioxidant potential effect on kidney has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ceftriaxone protects CycA-induced oxidative stress kidney injury in rats. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups. First group was used as control. Ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg) and CycA (15 mg/kg) were administrated to second and third groups for 10 days, respectively. The ceftriaxone and CycA combination was given to rats constituting the fourth group for 10 days. Lipid peroxidation (LP), urea nitrogen and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were higher in CycA group than in control and ceftriaxone groups although LP, urea nitrogen and LDH levels were lower in ceftriaxone + CycA group than in control and ceftriaxone groups. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in CycA group than in control whereas their activities were increased in control and ceftriaxone groups. Superoxide dismutase activity did not change by the treatments. Ceftriaxone administration recovered also CycA-induced atrophy, vacuolization and exfoliations of tubular epithelium and glomerular collapse in histopathological evaluation of kidney. In conclusion, we observed that ceftriaxone is beneficial on CycA-induced oxidative stress in kidney of rats by modulating oxidative and antioxidant system. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cephalometric evaluation of children with familial Mediterranean fever
(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2012) Gungor, Ahmet Yalcin; Arica, Vefik; Gungor, Ozge; Tutanc, Murat
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that no differences exist in craniofacial morphology between patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and the healthy population. Materials and Methods: Standardized lateral cephalograms of 32 FMF patients (mean age, 11.50 +/- 2.72 years) and 32 healthy controls (mean age, 11.86 +/- 2.19 years) were obtained. Cranial and dentofacial parameters were measured using a cephalometric analysis program (Nemoceph Imaging Cephalometric and Tracing Software S.L., Spain). All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 17.0.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill). Descriptive statistics were calculated for all measurements, and the independent t-test was used to evaluate intergroup differences. Results: The ANB angle was significantly greater in the FMF group (P < .05). Differences in SNA and SNB angles were insignificant. Anterior (P < .001) and posterior (P < .05) face heights were significantly shorter in the FMF group. Mandibular body length (P < .001) and condylion to gnathion (P <.05) measurements were significantly shorter in the FMF group. The upper lip was more protrusive in the FMF group (P <.05). U1 NA (mm; P < .001) and L1-NB (mm; P <.05) measurements were significantly shorter in the FMF group. Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. Significant differences exist between the craniofacial morphology of patients with FMF and the healthy population. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:552-555.)
Closed lip schizencephaly: A case report
(Dr Behcet Uz Cocuk Hastaliklari Ve Cerrahisi, 2012) Arica, Vefik; Karakus, Ali; Silfeler, Ibrahim; Arica, Secil Gunher; Altas, Murat; Tutanc, Murat; Basarslan, Fatmagul
Schizencephaly, has been defined as an almost symmetrical bilateral cleft along the cerebral hemisphere. Clinical findings in patients with schizencephaly depends on the type of clefts (on of off type) and the amount of malformed parenchyma. Incidence of schizencephaly is unclear, while a population-based study performed in the United States reported its incidence as 1.54: 100000. These types of cortical developmental malformations had variable clinical signs depending on the function of the affected area which range widely from mental-motor retardation and epilepsy to focal neurological disorders. We also presented a very rare case with bilateral cleft palate aged 4 years who was referred with recurrent afebrile convulsive episodes and diagnosed as schizencephaly, subependimal heterotopia and temporal lobe epilepsy by cranial MRI
Comparison of Lung graphy and thorax computed tomography findings in children with Tuberculin skin test positive
(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2012) Efe, Evrim; Arica, Vefik; Dogan, Murat; Arica, Secil Gunher
Aim: Benefit of thorax computed tomography was investigated when lung graphy remains insufficient in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: 55 patients across children with tuberculin skin test (TST) positive nonspecific symptom who applied to the tuberculosis polyclinic of our hospital were investigated between ages of 0-18, determined positivity in their TST test or with tuberculosis contact story. Age, gender, complaining, TST results, existence/number of BCG scar, underlying disease, contact status, cigarette exposure, laboratory findings, Lung graphy and thorax CT findings of patients were compared. Results: Average age of cases was 110, 38 +/- 42, 8 months. Lung graphy results of 36.4% of cases were abnormal while 63.6% were normal. Results of 30.9% (n=17) were abnormal while 69.1% (n=38) of cases were normal. No compliance is observed between results of CT and Lung graphy (p<0.05). Lung graphy was found to have a low positive true diagnosis value, a higher negative true diagnosis value. A significant difference is observed between tuberculosis sighting case and scar numbers of BCG (p<0.05). Conclusion: Taking lung graphy and thorax CT is beneficial and significant in the investigation of tuberculosis disease in patients with positivity of tuberculin skin test. Computed tomography is more sensitive method in comparison to lung graphy in terms of all findings.
Comparison of Quantiferon Test with Tuberculin Skin Test for the Detection of Tuberculosis Infection in Children
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2012) Onur, Hatice; Hatipoglu, Sami; Arica, Vefik; Hatipoglu, Nevin; Arica, Secil Gunher
The efficacy of Quantiferon-TB gold test (QFT-GIT) remains to be documented in pediatric population. Tuberculin skin test (TST) is a conventional test available for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). We aimed to investigate the concordance between QFT-GIT and TST in children with and without tuberculosis infection. Ninety-seven patients, aged 3 months-14 years, admitted to pediatric outpatient clinics of Dr. Sadi Konuk Training Hospital BakA +/- rkoy, Turkey between March 2008 and April 2009 were recruited. Demographic features, TST results, history of exposure to active tuberculosis (TB), chest X-ray findings, clinical history, presence of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination scar were recorded. Patients were categorized into four groups namely, active TB, LTBI, no TB and healthy. It was found that BCG scar positivity did not influence QFT-GIT results. There was a statistically significant agreement between QFT-GIT and TST results (kappa = 0.486; p < 0.01). In patients a parts per thousand yen5 years of age, TST positivity and QFT positivity had a significant relationship (p < 0.01). In all patient groups, sensitivity and specificity was 65.85 % and 82.14 %, respectively. In active TB group, TST and QFT-GIT results demonstrated significant agreement ratio of 40.8 % (kappa = 0.364; p < 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity was 100 % and 30 %, respectively. Utilization of QFT-GIT in the diagnosis of LTBI reduces false-positive results and prevents unnecessary treatment with INH and its adverse effects.
Congenital Agenesis of the Left Lung: A Rare Case
(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2011) Yetim, Tulin Durgun; Bayarogullari, Hanifi; Yalcin, Hlya Polat; Arica, Vefik; Arica, Secil Gunher
Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly, the etiology of which is not clearly known. Other systemic comorbidities such as cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and urogenital system anomalies can be observed in more than half of the patients. It is usually diagnosed during childhood. Diagnosis in adulthood is very rare. We present a case of pulmonary agenesis diagnosed in an adult.
Convulsion in infants as a result of oral use of garden sage
(Galenos Yayincilik, 2012) Arica, Vefik; Arica, Secil; Tutanc, Murat; Motor, Sedat; Motor, Vicdan Koksaldi; Dogan, Murat
Salvia officinalis is a plant known as Garden Sage and it is used by the community in case of various clinical conditions. Herbalists are the right destinations to provide this special plant. Salvia officinalis is known to be used for its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiseptic, expectorant, spasmolytic and diaphoretic effects. In this case study, a case of intoxication in which a 2-month old infant who presented with convulsion due to accidental oral use of garden sage oil which was actually prepared for topical use by a herbalist is reported. (Turk Arch Ped 2012; 47:67-8)
Daily and every other day use of iron prophylaxis in the first year of life
(Galenos Yayincilik, 2010) Arica, Vefik; Arica, Secil; Tutanc, Murat; Motor, Sedat; Onur, Hatice; Dogan, Murat
Aim: In countries like Turkey where iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is common, it was that iron prophylaxis can be used every other day as intermittent because it would show the same effect and easier for compliance. Material and Method: Two groups of infants born healthy, breastfed exclusively for the first six months and given 400 IU vitamin D were included in the study. In the fourth month of their life, infants started to take iron (Fe +2) 1 mg/kg/day and the second group 2 mg/kg/48 h In use of daily 1 mg/kg/day dose as of the fourth month till the first year 75 patients (the first group), in use of 2 mg/kg/48 h 80 patients (the second group) were involved in our study group. 34 infants (the third group) who did not start to take iron prophylaxis or use any was taken in our study as a control group. Results: It was found out that in the first group 14 infants (18.6%) developed iron deficiency (ID), 3 infants (4%) iron deficiency anemia (IDA), in the second group 16 infants (20%) developed ID and 4 infants (5%) IDA, in the third group, namely in the control group 12 infants (35,3%) developed ID and 10 infants (29.4%) IDA. In comparison of the control group with the first and second groups, IDA portion was less in iron prophylaxis groups, this value was found statistically reliable (p=0.001). When the first and second groups were compared with one another, a statistical difference could not be found between ID/IDA proportions. Because ID and IDA were encountered in both prophylaxis groups it was assumed that iron prophylaxis given just during the first year of life should also be given afterwards. Conclusions: There is no statistical difference between the first and second prophylaxis groups, thus, it was considered that instead of daily use, taking iron every other day would be more effective when it was given in a proper dose. (Turk Arch Ped 2010; 45: 343-7)
Determination of hearing levels in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever
(2013) Cevik, Cengiz; Silfeler, Ibrahim; Arica, Vefik; Yengil, Erhan; Akbay, Ercan; Sarac, Tuba; Basarslan, Fatmagul
Objective: Familial Mediterranean Fever is the most common congenital, periodic fever condition that affects over 100,000 people worldwide. In the literature, there is limited number of studies about hearing levels in children with Familial Mediterranean Fever. In the present study, we aimed to investigate hearing levels and cochlear functions by using Distortion product Otoacoustic Emission and High Frequency Audiometry (250-20,000. Hz) in pediatric patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Methods: The study included 62 children with Familial Mediterranean Fever and 27 healthy children with similar age and gender. After otoscopic examination, both groups underwent audiological evaluation including High Frequency Audiometry (250-20,000. Hz) and Distortion product Otoacoustic Emissions. The results obtained were assessed among groups. In addition, these results were compared regarding colchicine use, age at the onset of disease and duration of the diseases in the Familial Mediterranean Fever group. Results: Of the Familial Mediterranean Fever patients, 93.5% were on colchicine therapy and mean duration of colchicine use was 19.9 ± 13.9 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 6.57 ± 2.86 years (min-max: 2-14) and mean duration of disease was 23 ± 17 months (min-max: 6-84). Pure tone audiometry values, and hearing levels between 9000 and 20,000. Hz were similar and within normal range in both groups. The Distortion product Otoacoustic Emissions responses at the frequencies of 1020, 2040, 3000, 4080 and 5040. Hz were similar for both groups. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating hearing levels at the frequencies of 18. kHz and 20. kHz in children with Familial Mediterranean Fever in the literature. In children with Familial Mediterranean Fever, Pure tone audiometry values, hearing values obtained at all frequencies from 250 to 20,000. Hz, and Distortion product Otoacoustic Emissions levels were within normal range. Furthermore, hearing levels were found to be similar to those in healthy children. © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Development of acute dystonia in three brothers due to metoclopramide
(Isfahan Univ Med Sciences, 2012) Silfeler, Ibrahim; Arica, Vefik; Arica, Secil; Dogan, Murat
One of the agents that cause dystonic reactions is metoclopramide. In this study, we presented three individuals of the same family who were admitted to our hospital while receiving the treatment of metoclopramide because of developing acute dystonic reaction. Appropriate doses of metoclopramide therapy had begun to all brothers with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. After receiving the first dose of medication, acute dystonia was observed within half an hour in these brothers who used metoclopramide. Thus, if there is a patient who developed acute dystonia in the same family due to metoclopramide, avoiding from use of metoclopramide will be beneficial for other members of the family.
Dual effects of erdosteine on hemostasis via its different metabolites in young rats
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2011) Arica, Vefik; Tutanc, Murat; Ozturk, Oktay Hasan; Arica, Secil; Basarslan, Fatmagul; Erden, Ersin Sukru; Oktar, Suleyman
Aim: In the study, we examined erdosteine's effects on platelet functions and coagulation. Materials and methods: A total 29 young albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Control rats (n = 6) were given saline; Group I rats (n = 7) were given 3 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; Group 2 rats (n = 7) were given 10 mg/kg erdosteine by oral gavage for 3 days; and Group 3 rats (n = 9) were given 30 mg/kg erdosteine for 3 days. Twenty-four hours after the final dose, blood samples were drawn from a portal vein. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and international normalized ratio (INR) were measured, and platelet counts were examined in a peripheral blood smear by light microscopy. Results: PT and INR values of Group I increased compared to the controls but did not change in Group 3. Hemostatic parameters were not measured in Group 2 because the blood samples in Group 2's tubes clotted rapidly. Platelet counts of the peripheral blood from Group 2 were low but were normal in other groups. Conclusion: We have concluded erdosteine may disrupt hemostasis parameters by its different metabolites in patients. Erdosteine has dual effects on hemostasis via its different metabolites, which occur in different doses.
Duodenal hematoma, a rare cause of abdominal pain: Case report
(Duzce University Medical School, 2012) Tutanç, Murat; Arica, Vefik; Akçora, Bülent; Davran, Ramazan; Arica, Seçil Günher; Başarslan, Fatmagül; Çelik, Tanju
Localisation of the duodenum is usually retroperitoneal and its exposure to trauma is rare. But any damage to the duodenum can have serious consequences. Duodenal hematoma most commonly develops after abdominal blunt trauma. We present a six-year-old boy with duodenal hematoma as a rare cause of abdominal pain. © 2012 Düzce Medical Journal.
EBV-induced fulminant hepatic failure treated with liver transplantation
(Professional Medical Publications, 2010) Silfeler, Ibrahim; Kurnaz, Hilal; Acar, Yesim; Dorum, Bayram Ali; Arica, Vefik; Pekun, Fugen
Viral hepatitis is the leading cause of fulminant hepatitis. Infectious mononucleosis caused by primary infection of EBV is a self-limiting lymphoproliferative disease, and shows concomitant clinical features such as pyrexia, cervical lymphadenopathy, liver dysfunction and hepatosplenomegaly. Even though approximately more than 90 percent of all humans are infected with EBV it rarely causes hepatitis and even if it does it is usually benign and it rarely causes hepatic failure in which the outcome has a high mortality rate. We report a case of fulminant hepatic failure in an immunocompetent 3.5 years old girt caused by primary EBV infection that was treated by orthotropic liver transplantation. This observation emphasizes that EBV must be known as a possible cause of fulminant hepatitis and that liver transplantation is probably the unique therapeutic option to avoid a usually fatal course.
The effect of a multispecies synbiotic mixture on the duration of diarrhea and length of hospital stay in children with acute diarrhea in Turkey: Single blinded randomized study
(Springer, 2013) Dinleyici, Ener Cagri; Dalgic, Nazan; Guven, Sirin; Ozen, Metehan; Kara, Ates; Arica, Vefik; Metin-Timur, Ozge
Probiotics have been successfully used for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children and this effect depends on the strains and dose. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a synbiotic mixture on the duration of diarrhea and the length of hospital stay in children with acute watery diarrhea. This is a prospective randomized, multicenter single blinded clinical trial in hospitalized children with acute watery diarrhea. All children were treated with conventional hydration therapy with or without a daily dose of a synbiotic (2.5 x 10(9) CFU live bacteria including Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium, and 625 mg fructooligosaccharide) for 5 days. The primary endpoint was duration of diarrhea and duration of hospitalization was the secondary endpoint. Among 209 eligible children, 113 received the synbiotic mixture and 96 served as a control. The duration of diarrhea was significantly shorter (similar to 36 h) in children receiving the synbiotic group than the controls (77.9 +/- 30.5 vs. 114.6 +/- 37.4 h, p < 0.0001). The duration of hospitalization was shorter in children receiving the synbiotic group (4.94 +/- 1.7 vs. 5.77 +/- 1.97 days, p = 0.002). The effect of synbiotic mixture on diarrhea started after 24th hours and stool frequency significantly decreased after 24th and 48th hours. The percentage of diarrhea-free children is significantly higher in synbiotic group at 48th and 72nd hours of synbiotic group. In conclusion, this study showed a reduction in diarrhea duration by approximately 36 h and a reduction in the duration of hospitalization with approximately 1 day in children with acute diarrhea with this synbiotic mixture.
The effect of the length of the prodromal period on the metabolic control within the first 2 years in children with diabetic ketoacidosis manifestation
(Walter De Gruyter & Co, 2011) Murat, Zehra; Arica, Vefik; Dogan, Murat; Arica, Secil Gunher
Purpose: We investigated the effects of clinical and laboratory properties at the time of the initial application of patients recently diagnosed and presenting metabolic indicators of diabetic ketoacidosis who were given disease prognoses in years 1 and 2 after discharge. Materials and methods: A total of 94 patients admitted to Bakirkoy Maternity and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis and recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus were investigated. Patient files were examined within 2 years following discharge. Findings: All 94 study patients (53.2% male and 46.8% female) presented acidosis, ketonuria and hyperglycemia. While a moderate correlation was detected between the prodromal period and HbA(1c) values in year 1, only a slight correlation was seen in HbA(1c) values in year 2. In addition, a slight correlation was observed between the prodromal period and the number of hospitalizations due to diabetic ketoacidosis in the first year. Again, while a moderate correlation was observed between HbA(1c) values and the number of hospitalizations due to diabetic ketoacidosis in year 1, only a slight correlation was seen in year 2. The prodromal period was directly proportional to patient age. Results: Hospital admissions may be reduced through appropriate treatment, follow-up and metabolic control of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. In addition, we report a relationship between the prodromal period and HbA(1c) values in type 1 diabetes patients.

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