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Öğe Candida albicans dışı mayaların tanımlanmasında VITEK 2 YST kart ile API 20C AUX sisteminin karşılaştırılması(2012) İnci, Melek; Atalay, Mustafa Altay; Koç, Ayşe Nedret; Özer, Burçin; Kılınç, Çetin; Durmaz, SüleymanAmaç: Bu çalışmada çeşitli klinik örneklerden soyutlanan Candida albicans dışı mayaların tür düzeyinde tanımlanmasında VITEK 2 YST kart (bioMérieux, Fransa) kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçların API 20C AUX (bioMérieux, Fransa) sistemi ile karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve yöntem: Yirmi sekiz idrar, 10 kan, 3 vajinal akıntı örneğinden soyutlanan ve germ tüp testi negatif olarak bulunan 41 C.albicans dışı maya izolatı VITEK 2 YST kart (bioMérieux, Fransa) ile tanımlandı. Ayrıca mısır unu-Tween 80 agardaki mikroskobik morfoloji ve API 20C AUX (bioMérieux, Fransa) ticari kiti ile yapılan karbonhidrat asimilasyonu değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Her iki sistemle izolatların 34’ü (%82.9) aynı tür olarak tanımlanırken, 7’sinde (%17.1) farklı sonuçlar elde edildi. API 20C AUX sistemi ile Candida glabrata olarak tanımlanan 5 izolat VITEK 2 YST kart ile Candida tropicalis (n:2), Candida krusei, Candida lipolitica ve Candida kefyr olarak, C.tropicalis olarak tanımlanan bir başka izolat Candida parapsilosis olarak, C.parapsilosis olarak tanımlanan bir diğer izolat ise C.tropicalis olarak tanımlandı. Sonuç: VITEK 2 YST kart sistemi ile API 20C AUX sistemi arasında C.albicans dışı mayaların tür düzeyinde tanımlanmasında büyük oranda benzerlik bulunmasına karşın, özellikle C.glabrata, başta olmak üzere C.tropicalis ve C.parapsilosis türlerinin tanımlanmasında dikkatli olunması gerektiği kanaatine varıldı.Öğe Investigating virulence factors of clinical Candida isolates in relation to atmospheric conditions and genotype(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Inci, Melek; Atalay, Mustafa Altay; Koc, Ayse Nedret; Yula, Erkan; Evirgen, Omer; Durmaz, Suleyman; Demir, GoncaAim: To investigate some virulence factors in Candida species isolated from patients with suspected invasive fungal infection and to identify their relationship with Candida genotypes. Materials and methods: Overall 45 isolates (20 Candida albicans and 25 non-albicans Candida spp.) genotyped by rep-PCR were included in this study. Virulence factors were studied in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In isolates, egg yolk agar was used for determining phospholipase activity, while bovine serum albumin agar was used for proteinase activity, Tween-80 medium for esterase activity, and Sabouraud dextrose agar with sheep blood for hemolysin activity. Biofilm formation was detected by the microplate method. Results: In both Candida spp., it was found that hemolytic activity and proteinase activity were higher in aerobic conditions, whereas biofilm formation was higher in anaerobic conditions. It was also found that phospholipase and esterase activity were only detected in C. albicans isolates, which were found to be higher in aerobic conditions. No difference was found in virulence factors evaluated among the C. albicans genotypes. Conclusion: The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere may affect the virulence of Candida spp. Further comprehensive studies are needed in order to identify the relationship between Candida genotypes and virulence factors.Öğe Investigations of ALS1 and HWP1 genes in clinical isolates of Candida albicans(2013) İnci, Melek; Atalay, Mustafa Altay; Özer, Burçin; Evirgen, Ömer; Duran, Nizami; Köksaldı Motor, Vicdan; Koç, Ayşe Nedret; Önlen, Yusuf; Kılınç, Çetin; Durmaz, SüleymanAim: To explore the presence of ALS1 and HWP1 genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Candida albicans strains. Materials and methods: By using the multiplex PCR method, the presence of agglutinin-like sequence 1 (ALS1) and hyphal wall protein 1 ( HWP1) genes were investigated in 206 C. albicans strains that were isolated from various clinical samples. Phenotypic identification of slime formation by microplate and tube adherence tests was performed. Results: The presence of the ALS1 gene was detected in 53.9% of all strains, while the HWP1 gene was present in 5.3%. Slime formation was phenotypically detected in the 62.2% of the strains in which the ALS1 and/or the HWP1 gene was found, using the microplate and/ or tube adherence test. The genes evaluated were found to be present in the 76.7% of strains in which slime formation was detected by phenotypic tests. There was a moderate correlation between the presence of the ALS1 gene and the microplate method, yet there was no correlation when using the tube adherence test. Conclusion: It was concluded that various genes other than those evaluated could be present in slime formation of C. albicans, and the presence of the genes may not always be represented in the phenotype.Öğe Usefulness of (1?3)-b-D glucan in early diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A case report(EDIMES Edizioni Medico Scientifiche, 2014) Atalay, Mustafa Altay; Koc, Ayse Nedret; Kaynar, Leyla Gul; Inci, Melek; Tekinsen, Fatma Filiz Kasap; Eser, BulentPneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniae (PJP) may be difficult to diagnose. Since pneumocystis cannot be cultured, the diagnosis of PJP requires microscopic examination to identify pneumocystis from induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In order to evaluate the usefulness of (1{squared times}3) ß- D-glucan (BDG) levels in the early diagnosis of PJP, we describe the case of PJP in a 25-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) admitted to hospital with progressive dyspnea and fever with chills. The patient was not infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sputum, blood, and urine cultures were negative; smears for acid-fast bacilli and tests for viral antibodies were both negative. The microbiology study of the BAL with Giemsa and immunofluorescence staining, seven days after admission showed the existence of P. jiroveci in the lungs. Further, one day and five days after admission, (1{squared times}3) ß-D-glucan (BDG) levels were very high. The high serum level of BDG considerably decreased after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMPSMX) and the clinical condition of the patient increasingly improved.
