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Öğe The Effect of Cultivar and Stage of Growth on the Fermentation, Aerobic Stability and Nutritive Value of Ensiled Quinoa(Galenos Publ House, 2023) Ertekin, Ibrahim; Atis, Ibrahim; Yilmaz, SabanQuinoa has the potential to be an important alternative source of silage as a forage crop. However, there is limited information on the ensiling of quinoa in the literature. This study investigates the silage fermentation quality, nutritive value and aerobic stability of quinoa cultivars harvested at different plant growing stages. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture in the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out in a split plot with a randomized block design with three replications, the three main plots were based on harvesting times (flowering, milky and dough stages) and the five sub-plots were based on cultivars (Mint Vanilla, Cherry Vanilla, French Vanilla, Red Head and Titicaca). Traits such as pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), LA, acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), propionic acid, ethanol (EtOH), dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, crude protein, ash, ether extract, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and relative feed value were analyzed in order to determine silage fermentation quality and nutritive value. In addition, all silages were evaluated in terms of aerobic stability. In reference to the interaction effects, pH, ammonia nitrogen, LAB, AA, BA and EtOH, the silage fermentation quality parameters were between 3.83-4.16, 5.57-14.83%, 4.69-5.80 log10cfu/g DM, 1.37-2.10%, 0.32-0.51% and 0.79-1.63, respectively. On the other hand, DM, ADF, ash and WSC changed between 21.95-33.36%, 22.39-28.36%, 15.41-17.70% and 2.35-9.50%, respectively, as silage nutritive composition features. The carbon dioxide production values of silages exposed to air were between 5.49 g/kg and 10.26 g/kg according to interactions. Among the evaluated quinoa cultivars, cv. Titicaca and cv. French Vanilla provided superior results in terms of fermentation quality compared to other cultivars. It was also determined that it would be more appropriate to harvest these superior quinoa cultivars during the dough stage for quality silage. Among the silages, the cv. Titicaca had the best aerobic stability. As a result of this study, it was concluded that cv. French Vanilla and cv. Titicaca should be harvested during the dough stage in order to obtain better silage quality. According to the results of this study, it was deduced that the quinoa plant could be an alternative ensiling crop.Öğe Effect of Harvesting Time on Yield, Composition and Forage Quality of Some Forage Sorghum Cultivars(Friends Science Publ, 2012) Atis, Ibrahim; Konuskan, Omer; Duru, Metin; Gozubenli, Huseyin; Yilmaz, SabanForage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the most important fresh fodder and silage sourdein the world, and its quality and yield are difectly related in the harvesting time. In this study, four forage sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were compared to determine effects of delayed harvesting time on the changes in yield and forage quality. Field experiments were conducted during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons. Four forage sorghum cultivars (Early Sumac, Leotti, Nes, Rox) were harvested at four different growing stages (panicle emergence stage (PE), milky stage (MS), dough stage (DS) and physiologic maturity stage (PM)). Dry matter, fresh forage yield, plant height, dry matter content, panicle proportion, protein yield, lignin content and relative feed value (RFV) tended to increase with advanced plant maturity, while leaf proportion, protein content, neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), cellulose content and hemicellulose content tended to decrease. Dry matter contents of all sorghum cultivars harvested during the PE and MS. stages were below 247 g kg(-1). Among whole plant organs, stem proportion was higher than those of leaf and panicle proportions. Mean dry matter yields of cultivars were ranged from 18.75 t ha(-1) to 20.15 t ha(-1). These findings have shown that suitable harvesting time of forage sorghum is PM stage for high yield and fodder quality, but it may be harvested at DS stage due to increasing lignin content. None of these sorghum cultivars should be harvested before DS stage for ensilage due to low dry matter content. Nes can be preferred because of the high forage and protein yield. 2012 Friends Science PublishersÖğe THE EFFECTS OF CUTTING INTERVALS AND SEEDING RATES ON FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF ALFALFA(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2019) Atis, Ibrahim; Celiktas, Nafiz; Can, Ersin; Yilmaz, SabanUnderstanding the effects of seeding rate and cutting intervals on dry matter yield and nutritive value may help to optimize of alfalfa production. The objective of this study was to investigate the optimum cutting interval and seeding rate of two cultivars of alfalfa (cv. Alsancak and cv. Nimet). Field experiments were carried out for 3 years in Mediterranean ecological conditions. The treatments were comprised of three cutting programs at 20, 30 and 40 days interval and two seeding rates (15 and 30 kg ha(-1)). The experiment was designed a split-split plot in a randomized complete block with 3 repetitions. The main plots were cutting intervals, sub-plots were seeding rates and sub -subplots were assigned as alfalfa cultivars. The results of the research showed that all properties inspected were significantly affected from the cutting intervals, the effect of the seeding rate and the cultivars were found to be not significant (except fresh forage yield). While the extended cutting intervals increased the forage yield, it reduced the forage quality. In terms of satisfactory forage yield and quality for similar ecological conditions, 30 days cutting interval and 15 kg ha(-1) seeding rate have been advisable.Öğe Effects of different nitrogen doses and cultivars on fermentation quality and nutritive value of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silages(Asian-Australasian Assoc Animal Production Soc, 2022) Ertekin, Ibrahim; Atis, Ibrahim; Aygun, Yusuf Ziya; Yilmaz, Saban; Kizilsimsek, MustafaObjective: The fermentation profile and silage quality of 3 Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cultivars (cvs. Devis, Hellen, and Trinova) treated with 5 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg/ha) were evaluated. Methods: The experiment was laid out in split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications. Annual ryegrass cultivars used in this study have been commonly grown in Turkey. Nitrogen doses were set in main plot and cultivars in split plot in the field. Plants were harvested at full-flowering stage with dry matter content about 220 g/kg for first cutting and 260 g/kg for second cutting. Harvested plants were chopped theoretically into 2 to 3 cm lengths for ensiling. Chopped fresh materials were ensilaged by compressing in 2 L plastic jars about 3 +/- 0.1 kg. Results: Effects of N doses on dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility, relative feed value, crude protein, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were statistically significant while water soluble carbohydrate, ash and organic matter were not statistically different. Ammonia nitrogen, crude protein, ash, organic matter, lactic acid, and lactic acid/acetic acid were affected by cultivars, but the other parameters were not. Increasing nitrogen applications positively affected the chemical composition of annual ryegrass silage. The significant increase in protein content was remarkable, however, silage fermentation properties were adversely affected by the increasing nitrogen dose. Conclusion: It can be recommended 150 kg/ha nitrogen dose for annual ryegrass harvested at full blooming stage. Even though the silage fermentation properties of the used cultivars were similar, cv. Devis gave better results than the others in terms of silage pH and relative feed value.Öğe Effects of genotype and 2,4,5-T concentrations on callus induction, shoot formation and plant regeneration from young inflorescences in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.)(Wfl Publ, 2013) Atis, Ibrahim; Can, Ersin; Celiktas, Nafiz; Hatipoglu, RustuThis study was carried out to determine the effects of MS medium supplemented with 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg l(-1) of 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on young inflorescences of five ecotypes of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). The results showed that there was a significant interaction between ecotypes and 2,4,5-T concentrations in all characteristics studied. Depending on the ecotypes, rate of callus induction (%), rate of shoot formation (%), callus weight (mg/per Petri dish) and number of regenerates per inflorescence segment varied and ranged 6.3-37.5%, 7.8-51.6%, 13.1-115.4 mg and 0.3-1.1, respectively. Rates of callus induction and shoot formation as well as callus weight were also significantly influenced by the 2,4,5-T concentrations. The explants cultured on MS medium containing 4 mg(-1) of 2,4,5-T showed highest callus induction rate of 53.8 % with callus weight of 170.4 mg/Petri dish and 1.6 shoots per explant. It was concluded that best regeneration from young inflorescence explant of orchardgrass (D. glomerata) could be obtained on MS medium containing 4 mg l(-1) of 2,4,5-T and the developed protocol will help in easy multiplication of orchard grass in future breeding studies.Öğe Effects of plant maturity stage on silage quality of some silage sorghum cultivars(Wfl Publ, 2013) Atis, Ibrahim; Duru, Metin; Konuskan, Omer; Gozubenli, HuseyinThe present study was conducted to investigate the ensilage properties of sorghum cultivars at different harvesting times. To achieve this aim, four silage sorghum cultivars (cv. Early Sumac, Leotti, Nes and Rox) were harvested at four different growing stages (panicle emergence stage (PE), milky stage (MS), dough stage (DS) and physiologic maturity stage (PM)). For four cultivars and four harvesting times, sorghum forage ensiled for total 16 silage samples with 3 replications. At the end of a 60-days period of silage, silage samples were opened. Dry matter content, crude lipid content, lignin content and flieg point tended to increase with advanced plant maturity, while CO2 production, neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), cellulose content and hemicellulose content tended to decrease. The pH values of sorghum silages were not significantly influenced by harvest time. Also, dry matter content, flieg point, crude lipid content, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose content were significantly influenced by cultivars. These findings showed that suitable harvesting time of forage sorghum is a PM stage for suitable ensilage and among four cultivars, cv. Nes can be preferred because of the high dry matter content, high flieg point and low CO2 production.Öğe The effects of priming pretreatments on germination and seedling growth in perennial ryegrass exposed to heavy metal stress(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2018) Akar, Melek; Atis, IbrahimThis research was conducted to determine the effects of priming treatments (GA3, KNO3 and Hydropriming) on germination and seedling growth in perennial ryegrass contaminated with different doses (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg l-1) of cadmium and nickel. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions. Perennial ryegrass cv. Integra was used as the plant material. The results showed that both germination and seedling growth properties were adversely affected by heavy metals. The adverse effects of nickel were more pronounced than those of cadmium. The GA3 seed priming pretreatment had positive effects on both germination properties and seedling growth. As a result, GA3 can be used as a seed priming agent if the perennial ryegrass is to be grown in areas contaminated with nickel and cadmium. © by PSP.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF PRIMING PRETREATMENTS ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN PERENNIAL RYEGRASS EXPOSED TO HEAVY METAL STRESS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Akar, Melek; Atis, IbrahimThis research was conducted to determine the effects of priming treatments (GA(3), KNO3 and Hydropriming) on germination and seedling growth in perennial ryegrass contaminated with different doses (0, 75, 150, and 300 mg l(-1)) of cadmium and nickel. The study was conducted under laboratory conditions. Perennial ryegrass cv. Integra was used as the plant material. The results showed that both germination and seedling growth properties were adversely affected by heavy metals. The adverse effects of nickel were more pronounced than those of cadmium. The GA(3) seed priming pretreatment had positive effects on both germination properties and seedling growth. As a result, GA(3) can be used as a seed priming agent if the perennial ryegrass is to be grown in areas contaminated with nickel and cadmium.Öğe Effects of seeding rate on forage yield and quality of vetch (Vicia sativa L.) - triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) mixtures under east mediterranean rainfed conditions(Academic Journals, 2009) Kokten, Kagan; Toklu, Faruk; Atis, Ibrahim; Hatipoglu, RustuThis study was carried to determine the best seed mixture of vetch and triticale for East Mediterranean rainfed conditions of Turkey. The experiments were conducted in two locations, Adana and Kozan, during the years of 2003 - 2005. The field trials were arranged in a randomised block design with three replications. In the research, pure stands of vetch and triticale and their seed mixtures (80% vetch + 20% triticale, 60% vetch + 40% triticale, 40% vetch + 60% triticale, 20% vetch + 80% triticale) were studied. Crude protein concentrations, hay and crude protein yields of pure stands and the mixtures and the percentage of vetch in the dry matter yield were determined. In addition to these, relative yield total (RYT) values were calculated for the mixtures. The study showed that the characters studied were significantly influenced by years, locations and mixtures. According to the averaged values of two years, the seed mixture containing 20% vetch and 80% triticale gave highest dry matter yield with an average vetch content of 23.5% under Adana conditions, while the seed mixture of 40% Vetch + 60% triticale gave the highest dry matter yield with an average vetch content of 10% under Kozan conditions. RYT values for the mentioned mixtures were 1.12 and 1.20, respectively. It was concluded that the above mixtures of vetch and triticale could be recommended for the locations in Adana and Kozan, respectively.Öğe FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) GENOTYPES HARVESTED AT DIFFERENT CUTTING STAGES UNDER MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2021) Yilmaz, Saban; Ertekin, Ibrahim; Atis, IbrahimGenotype choosing and cutting stage are very significant to obtained better forage yield and quality. However, researches about forage production from quinoa plant genotypes harvested at different cutting stages are not enough in Mediterranean conditions. This study was conducted to determine the forage yield and quality of five different quinoa genotypes (Red head, Cherry vanilla, French vanilla, Mint vanilla and Titicaca) at three different cutting stages (flowering, milky and dough). The experiment was laid out in split plot of randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2019 and 2020 years. To evaluate the forage yield and quality of different quinoa genotypes harvested at different cutting stages, plant height, stem diameter, dry forage yield, dry matter content, water soluble carbohydrate, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, condensed tannins, ether extract, crude protein, crude ash, organic matter, non-fiber carbohydrate and relative feed value properties were investigated. As a result of the research, it was determined that it is appropriate to harvest quinoa as a roughage source at the dough stage, and that Mint vanilla genotype is the most productive genotype.Öğe Genotype and plant density effects on corn (Zea mays L.) forage yield(Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007) Yilmaz, Saban; Gozubenli, Huseyin; Konuskan, Omer; Atis, IbrahimCorn forage is an important source of feedstuff for beef and dairy catties. A two-year study was conducted in Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey to determine the optimum plant densities for forage yields of com genotypes commercially grown in Eastern Mediterranean Region during 2000 and 2001 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split-plot arrangement with three replications. Main plots were com hybrids of Dracma, Pioneer 3223, Pioneer 3335, Dekalb 711 and Dekalb 626 and Arifiye. Split-plots were plant densities of 143 000, 114 000, 95 000, 82 000 and 71 000 plant. Split-plot size was 2.8 m by 5.0 m with four rows per plot. The effects of corn genotypes and plant densities on the forage and dry matter yield and some agronomic characteristics were significant. The highest forage and dry matter yields were obtained from Dracma genotype (69.5 and 27.01 ha-1, respectively). The highest forage and dry matter yield obtained at 114000 and 143000 plant densities (64.4 and 62.31 ha-1 forage yield and 24.8 and 23.11 ha-1 dry matter yield, respectively). © 2007 Asian Network for Scientific Information.Öğe GRAIN YIELD, FORAGE YIELD AND FORAGE QUALITY OF DUAL PURPOSE WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY CUTTING HEIGHTS AND SOWING DATE(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2018) Atis, Ibrahim; Akar, MuzafferDual purpose wheat production can help to produce the forage needed for livestock feeding, without reducing the sowing area of reserved for grain production. To determine the proper management techniques that reduce the loss of grain yield crops in dual purpose systems is very important. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of sowing date and cutting heights on grain yield, forage yield and nutritive value of dual-purpose wheat. The experimental design was split-plot under randomized complete block design, sowing dates (early, normal and late) as the main plot treatments and cutting heights (5, 7.5 and 10 cm) as the subplot treatments with three replications. Forage yield and forage protein yield were significantly affected by sowing date. Maximum forage yield and forage protein yield were obtained at normal sowing date (20 November) in both years, while maximum grain yield was obtained at early sowing date (20 October). The effect of sowing date on forage quality characters varied between years. Deeper cutting increased forage yield, while decreased grain yield. The effects of cutting heights on forage quality were different between years. The cutting treatments caused the decrease yield of the grain, but dual-purpose system for winter wheat was an advantageous crop system when evaluated in terms of the total amount of production. The height of 7.5 cm can be recommended as a suitable cutting height in term of the total crop quantity.Öğe PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF AMARANTH HERBAGE AND THEIR IMPRESSION ON THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF FEEDING QUALITY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Celiktas, Nafiz; Can, Ersin; Atis, Ibrahim; Durak, DeryaMultivariate relations of minerals, fatty acid profile, phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of Amaranthus species were studied in herbage, considering the livestock feed quality. Most of the mineral content of amaranth species detected as enough to satisfy the daily maintenance of any livestock. The Calf) ratio (4.5-11.0) of the hay was considerably high because of lower P accumulation. It was classified as Zn-poor in terms of the daily requirement of livestock but was so rich in respect of Cu and Fe. The unsaturation of the methyl esterified fat, which is predominantly linoleic acid (42.947.8 %), varied between 73.3-77.8 % depending on the species. The highest radical scavenging ability (4.58 mM Trolox kg(-1) DW as DPPH assay) was detected for the herbage of A. cruentus Zimbabwe. Protocatechuic acid predominant total phenolic compounds varied between 54.51-254.68 mg g(-1). Principal component analyses (PCA) between DPPH and the phytochemical compounds has classified the species with representing the total variation of 63.25% with the first two PC. According to partial least square regression (PLSR) the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), chlorogenic acid, Mg and. Zn are the major contributors of DPPH.Öğe Plant density and mixture ratio effects on the competition between common vetch and wheat(2012) Atis, Ibrahim; Kokten, Kagan; Hatipoglu, Rustu; Yilmaz, Saban; Atak, Mehmet; Can, ErsinMixtures of annual forage legumes with winter small grains for forage are practiced traditionally in the Mediterranean countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of variable seed mixture rates and different plant densities on the forage yield. The study also investigated the competition effects among mixture partners in the mixture of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivium L.). Field trials were conducted at two locations (L1, Hatay and L2, Adana) during the 2008-09 and 2009-10 growing seasons. Three plant densities (200, 400, 600 plants m-2) and five seed mixture ratios (100 % V, 75% V + 25% W, 50% V + 50% W, 25% V + 75% W, 100 % W) of common vetch (V) and wheat (W) were used. The results of the study showed that increased plant density in the mixture resulted in increased dry matter yield per unit area. In addition, increased seed ratio of wheat in the mixture caused increased dry matter yield per unit area. Also, elevated dry matter yield resulted in increased crude protein yield. Land equivalent ratio (LER), aggressivity (A) and competitive ratio (CR) indexes showed that common vetch was the dominant species in all common vetch-wheat mixtures.Öğe Seed Coat Color Effects on Seed Quality and Salt Tolerance of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)(Friends Science Publ, 2011) Atis, Ibrahim; Atak, Mehmet; Can, Ersin; Mavi, KazimThis research was aimed to investigate the relationship between seed coat color and seed quality of red clover. For this purpose, seed lots of red clover visually inspected in terms of seed color and then they separated by digital color measurement equipment as seed color yellow, purple, brown and mixed. Germinations test, a thousand grain weight, water absorption rate, mean germination time, emergence percentage, the electrical conductivity (EC) test also performed for the selection of highly vigorous red clover seed lots in salt stress conditions (0, 60, 120, 180 & 240 mM NaCl). Results revealed that seed coat color of red clover could be preferred as an indicator of seed quality and seedling growth ability. Yellow colored seeds lots of red clover had higher vigor and seed quality than other colors. Mean germination time (MGT) and electrical conductivity (EC 4 h) test showed significant differences among the seed coat color. Meanwhile, these two tests also showed highly significant correlation in emergence and seedling percentage in salt stress conditions. Brown colored seed lots showed lover seed vigor and viability that their digital measurement values was measured as a 44.49 L*, 14.97 a*, 26.05 b*, 29.87 C* and 60.05 H degrees. The removal of the brown colored seed from the seed lots of red clover will improve the seed quality. (C) 2011 Friends Science PublishersÖğe YIELD, QUALITY AND COMPETITION PROPERTIES OF GRASS PEA AND WHEAT GROWN AS PURE AND BINARY MIXTURE IN DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2020) Atis, Ibrahim; Acikalin, SaitMixtures of annual forage legumes with winter cereals for forage are practiced traditionally in the Mediterranean conditions. The objectives of this study were to compare grass pea and wheat pure stands as well as their mixtures in different plant densities under two seeding ratios for forage yield and quality and to estimate the effect of competition between the two species used in the intercropping systems. The experimental design was split plot in a randomized complete block with three replications. The main plot treatments were plant densities (350, 500 and 650 plant m(-2)) and sub-plots treatments were four sowing norm (pure grass pea (GP), 60% GP+ 40% W, 70% GP+ 30% W and pure wheat (W)). The results of the present study showed that plant densities do not have a significant effect on forage yield and quality, while the effect of mixture and pure stands on forage yield and quality were significant. According to the two-year average results, 60% GP + 40% W mixture gave the best results in terms of yield and quality. Calculated LER values showed that wheat+grass pea mixtures were more advantageous than pure stand of both species. As result of this research, 350 plant m(-2) plant density and 60% GP + 40% W mixture can be recommended.
