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Öğe Characterization of extended spectrum ?-lactamase ( ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in Asi (Orontes) River in Turkey(Iwa Publishing, 2017) Kurekci, Cemil; Aydin, Muhsin; Yipel, Mustafa; Katouli, Mohammad; Gundogdu, AycanIn this study, the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in aquatic environments (the Orontes River and an urban wastewater) was investigated. Fifty-four E. coli strains resistant to cefotaxime were isolated from the river waters and nearby waste water treatment plant and screened for ESBL gene variants, different classes of integrons and sulfonamide resistance genes. The ESBL-producing E. coli strains were further characterized by PhP-typing system, phylogenetic grouping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Of the 54 ESBL-producing strains, 14 (25.9%) belonged to four common PhP types and the remaining were of single types. CTX-M type ESBL genes were identified in 68% of the isolates. The most predominant specific CTX-M subtype identified was bla(CTX-M-15) (n=36), followed by bla(CTX-M-1) (n = 1). None of the isolates were SHV and OXA positive. Most of the ESBL positive isolates (n = 37; 68.5%) were harboring sul gene. This study indicates a widespread distribution of CTX-M-15 producing E. coli strains in the surface waters in part of Turkey, suggesting an aquatic reservoir for ESBL genes.Öğe Effects of lycopene on plasma glucose, insulin levels, oxidative stress, and body weights of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Aydin, Muhsin; Celik, SefaAim: To determine possible therapeutic effects of oral lycopene supplementation on plasma insulin levels, lipid peroxidation, blood glucose levels, and the antioxidant defense system of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Classical biochemical methods were used to determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine plasma insulin levels and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the levels of brain antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px). Results: It was found that the diabetes-related increase in blood glucose levels was reduced by supplementation of lycopene over an 8-week period. Plasma NO levels and brain tissue GSH levels were meaningfully reduced in the treatment group compared to the diabetic group. In the hemolysate samples, it was determined that the treatment group's SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities significantly increased compared to the diabetic group. In the brain tissue homogenates, CAT and SOD activity did not show a significant change, whereas GSH-Px activity was increased in the treatment group compared to the diabetic group. SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px mRNA transcription levels were suppressed in the diabetic group compared to the control, and this suppression was stopped and increases were significantly induced by the supplementation of lycopene. Conclusion: In this study, the oxidative damage and low insulin levels associated with diabetes were ameliorated with the administration of lycopene. The results of this study indicate that lycopene is an effective nutritional component to alleviate and/or prevent the complications of diabetes, and these findings can be used as a basis for future studies.Öğe Evaluation of bulk tank raw milk and raw chicken meat samples as source of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in Turkey: Recent insights(Wiley, 2019) Kuerekci, Cemil; Osek, Jacek; Aydin, Muhsin; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Kurpas, Monika; Wieczorek, Kinga; Sakin, FatihExtended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) was detected in 86.6% of chicken and 22.6% of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 49 distinct restriction profiles among 66 isolates, and 62.3% of the isolates carried the bla(CTX-M) gene, among which CTX-M-1 was found to be the predominant ESBL types in chicken isolates, whereas CTX-M-15 was the commonest among BTM samples. Additionally, of 52 ESBL-EC isolates from chicken meat samples, 36.5%, 9.6%, and 7.7% harbored the bla(TEM), bla(CMY-2), and bla(SHV-12) genes, respectively, compared with 28.5% of the bla(TEM) and 7.1% of the bla(SHV-12) markers among BTM isolates. The fimH gene was present in 51 isolates of chicken and in 14 isolates of BTM samples, while other virulence genes iutA (n = 31), iroN (n = 26), kpsMT II (n = 5), papC (n = 2), papG allele II (n = 2), papG allele II-III (n = 2), and papEF (n = 2) were only present in chicken meat isolates. Overall, it can be said that contaminated chicken meat and BTM might serve as vehicles for playing potential role in zoonotic transmission of ESBL-EC to humans in Turkey. Practical applications Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) have been considered to be one of the major worldwide clinical problems and have been frequently isolated from the foods of animal origins such as chicken meat, fish, and raw milk. The current study aimed to isolate ESBL-EC from chicken and bulk tank milk samples and further characterize the strains by PFGE, identifying resistance genes and as well as virulence genes. Given the high prevalence of CTX-M-15/55 type ESBL-EC strains possessing important virulence genes in chicken and milk samples, it can be said that foods of animal origins might be an important risk factor for extraintestinal ESBL-EC infections for humans.Öğe First report of Escherichia coli carrying the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Kurekci, Cemil; Aydin, Muhsin; Nalbantoglu, Ozkan Ufuk; Gundogdu, Aycan[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli from bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey(Wiley, 2021) Kurekci, Cemil; Aydin, Muhsin; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Sengul, Seydi Ahmet; Sakin, FatihThe objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant (Cip(R)) Escherichia coli isolates on bulk tank milk (BTM) samples (bovine and ovine origins) in Turkey. A total of 91 BTM samples (41.7%, 95% confidence intervals 35.2-48.6%) out of 218 were found to be positive for Cip(R) E. coli isolates (MIC values of >= 4 mu g/ml). Analysis of PFGE fingerprint profile for E. coli isolates resulted in the 55 different pulsotypes based on >85% homology. All isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin and nalidixic acid and the resistance rates in bovine and ovine origin isolates were 94.9 and 78.1% for norfloxacin (p < .05) and 27.1 and 34.4% for levofloxacin, respectively. Additionally, resistance to non-quinolone antibiotics was commonly observed against tetracycline (resistance rates in bovine and ovine = 91.5 and 87.5%, respectively), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.1 and 93.8%, respectively), gentamycin (15.3 and 40.6%, respectively, p < .05) and chloramphenicol (23.7 and 65.6%, respectively, p < .05). The qnrS1 gene (3.1 and 6.8%, respectively) was the most prevalent PMQR genes in isolates from ovine and bovine origins, followed by aac (6 ')-Ib-cr (0 and 5.1%, respectively) and qnrB19 (0 and 1.7%, respectively). The other resistance genes including tetA, tetB, strA/B, aPozhA1, aadA, aadB, bla(CTX-M), and bla(TEM) were also identified in various frequencies. The most frequently observed virulence trait was fimH. The low-level presence of PMQR genes and as well as some virulence traits is an important finding, yet the results of this study are worrisome because quinolone antibiotics are still the drugs of choice for severe infections in humans.Öğe Preventive effect of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme inhibitor, on oxidative renal injury in acute ascending pyelonephritis model in rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2008) Goeruer, Sadik; Celik, Sefa; Hakverdi, Sibel; Aslanta, Oezkan; Erdogan, Suat; Aydin, Muhsin; Ocak, SabahattinOBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of rolipram, a phosphodiesterase 4 enzyme inhibitor, on Escherichia coli-induced renal oxidative damage in an acute pyelonephritis (PYN) rat model. METHODS A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 5) as follows: control (uninfected), PYN 24 hours, PYN 48 hours, PYN 72 hours, PYN + rolipram 24 hours, PYN + rolipram 48 hours, and PYN + rolipram 72 hours. Ascending PYN was induced in the study groups by E. coli inoculation into the bladder, and the urethras were then occluded by collodium for 4 hours. Rolipram injections (1 mg/kg) were started before bacterial inoculation and repeated at 24-hour intervals in the PYN + rolipram groups until death. The rats were killed at the indicated times. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were determined in kidney homogenates. Histopathologic examinations were also performed. RESULTS Tissue malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly increased in the kidneys from the PYN groups. However, rolipram administration reduced renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The histopathologic examinations demonstrated that rolipram treatment reduced the inflammation grade in the kidney specimens. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that rolipram has a protective effect on renal tissue from E. coli-induced oxidative injury. Therefore, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors might be a novel therapeutic option for the prevention and/or management of acute PYN.
