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Öğe Optimization of synthesis conditions of PbS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition using response surface methodology(Elsevier Science Sa, 2015) Yucel, Ersin; Yucel, Yasin; Beleli, BuseIn this study, PbS thin films were synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) under different deposition parameters. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize synthesis parameters including amount of tri-sodium citrate (0.2-0.8 mL), deposition time (14-34 h) and deposition temperature (26.6-43.4 degrees C) for deposition of the films. 5-level-3-factor central composite design (CCD) was employed to evaluate effects of the deposition parameters on the response (optical band gap of the films). The significant level of both the main effects and the interaction are investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The film structures were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Morphological properties of the films were studied with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical properties of the films were investigated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optimum amount of tri-sodium citrate, deposition time and deposition temperature were found to be 0.7 mL, 18.07 h and 30 degrees C respectively. Under these conditions, the experimental band gap of PbS was 2.20 eV, which is quite good correlation with value (1.98 eV) predicted by the model. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe PbS ince filmlerin yapısal özelliklerinin farklı oranlarda Mg katkılama yoluyla geliştrilmesi(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2016) Beleli, Buse; Yücel, YasinMalzemelerin ince film formunda biriktirilmesi optik filtreler, yüzey akustik dalga cihazları, elektronik bileşenler, geniş alan foto diyot dizilerin imalatı, güneş seçici kaplamalar, güneş hücreleri, foto kondüktörler ve sensörler gibi çeşitli uygulama alanları nedeniyle geçmiş yıllarda önemli araştırma konusu olmuştur. İnce filmler solvothermal, sprey piroliz, magnetron sıçratma, termal buharlaştırma, fotokimyasal depolama (PCD), sol-jel, ardışık iyonik tabaka adsorpsiyonu ve reaksiyonu (SILAR) ve kimyasal banyo depolama (CBD) gibi çeşitli teknikler ile hazırlanmaktadır. Bu teknikler arasında, nispeten basit, hızlı, ekonomik, geniş yüzeylere kolayca kaplanabilen ve endüstriyel ölçeklerde uygulanabilir olan SILAR metodu oldukça öne çıkmaktadır. Bu yöntem gelişmiş araçlara ihtiyaç duymaz. Kaliteli yarıiletken malzemelerin elde edilmesinde katkılama önemli yer tutar. Katkılama tane boyutunun düzenlenmesi ve yüzey morfolojisi ile kristal yapının kontrolünde etkili bir tekniktir. Bu nedenle ince film üretim aşamasında yapılan katkılama elde edilen ürünün fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesine yardımcı olur. Bu çalışmada, katkısız ve farklı oranlarda Mg katkılı (% 5, 7, 9, 12 ve 15) PbS ince filmler CBD yöntemi kullanılarak üretilmiştir. İnce filmlerin yapı özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi için üretim aşamasında inorganik katkılama yapılmıştır. Katkısız ve farklı oranlarda Mg katkılı PbS ince filmlerin morfolojik, yapısal ve optik özellkleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) ve ultraviyole spektroskopisi (UV) ile araştırılmıştır.Öğe Process optimization of deposition conditions of PbS thin films grown by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method using response surface methodology(Elsevier, 2015) Yucel, Ersin; Yucel, Yasin; Beleli, BuseIn this study, lead sulfide (PbS) thin films were synthesized by a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method with different pH, dipping time and dipping cycles. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were successfully used to optimize the PbS films deposition parameters and understand the significance and interaction of the factors affecting the film quality. 5-level-3-factor central composite design was employed to evaluate the effects of the deposition parameters (pH, dipping time and dipping cycles) on the response (the optical band gap of the films). Data obtained from RSM were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analyzed using a second order polynomial equation. The optimal conditions for the PbS films deposition have been found to be pH of 9.1, dipping time of 10 s and dipping cycles of 10 cycles. The predicted band gap of PbS film was 2.13 eV under the optimal conditions. Verification experiment (2.24 eV) confirmed the validity of the predicted model. The film structures were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Morphological properties of the films were studied with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical properties of the films were investigated using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The role of high Mg level as a dopant on the PbS nanostructures grown by the CBD method(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2018) Yucel, Yasin; Beleli, BuseThis paper reports influence of high level magnesium doping on lead sulfide (PbS) thin films. PbS films were deposited by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. We investigated optical, structural and morphological properties of the films with respect to Mg doping concentration. Characteristic film properties such as crystal quality, elemental composition, band gap and surface morphology were examined using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), UV-vis spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD analysis showed that crystallite size of PbS: Mg thin films decreased from 17.89 to 10.47 nm by increasing Mg doping level from 0% to 15%. EDS analysis confirmed incorporation of Mg in PbS films. SEM measurements showed that film morphology was influenced by the magnesium doping level. UV-vis spectrophotometer measurements demonstrated that the optical transmittance of magnesium doped films increases up to 25% as compared to pure PbS film. Band gap energy of the coated samples was found to be increasing in the range of 1.67-2.43 eV according to Mg doping level.
