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    Combined Use of Green Manure and Farmyard Manure Allows Better Nutrition of Organic Lettuce
    (Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2014) Caliskan, Sevgi; Yetisir, Halit; Karanlik, Sema
    Organic crop production has become a major business due to rising consumer demand, price premiums and increasing market opportunities. A field experiment was conducted to compare organic and conventional production systems by evaluating growth, yield and mineral content of lettuce leaves. Six organic productions systems, green manure (GM), farmyard manure (FYM), commercial organic fertilizer (COP) and their combinations were compared with conventional production system (CPS). A non-fertilized control treatment was also included. Plant growth and yield were found higher in the organic production system compare to conventional production system. The lowest plant growth and yield were obtained in the control treatment. Values of vitamin C content of lettuce grown in the organic production systems were higher than those of the conventional production system. The highest lettuce yield (71.8 and 76.5 t ha(-1)) was obtained with GM + FYM treatment. The results indicated that combined use of green manure and farmyard manure can be successfully used in organic lettuce production.
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    COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND TRADITIONAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (Soc Field Crop Sci, 2013) Caliskan, Sevgi; Erdogan, Cahit; Arslan, Mehmet; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin
    Yield and yield components, and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) were compared in traditional and organic production systems since organic farming has many advantages on environment, animal and human health over traditional production systems. In the study, organic production system, green manure, farmyard manure and effective microorganisms and their combinations were tested as six treatments. Seed yield and some yield components were found higher in the traditional production system than those of organic production systems. The highest protein content was obtained in green manure and farmyard manure applications. Among the organic production systems, green manure and farmyard manure applications could be strongly recommended for organic chickpea producer since the highest seed yields with 2729 in 2007 and 3838 kg ha(-1) in 2008 were found in green manure + farmyard manure treatment among the organic production systems.
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    Effects of plant density on the yield and yield components of true potato seed (TPS) hybrids in early and main crop potato production systems
    (Elsevier, 2009) Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Kusman, Noyan; Caliskan, Sevgi
    This study was conducted to evaluate true potato seed (TPS) technology for use in ware or seed potato production in two contrasting environments in Turkey during 2002 and 2003. The field experiments were carried out in the Hatay and Nevsehir provinces in Turkey, which represent a Mediterranean early crop potato production area and a temperate main crop potato production area, respectively. The plug seedlings of six TPS hybrids were transplanted to the fields at four densities (15, 20, 25 or 30 plants m(-2)). The seed tubers of the medium early cultivar Marfona were also planted in the experimental plots to compare the performance of the TPS hybrids with traditional seed tubers. Transplanting of the seedlings was significantly delayed in Hatay due to unsuitable weather conditions in both years. The seedlings needed an adaptation period of 2-4 weeks after transplanting depending on the location and the growing conditions. The adaptation period was longer in Hatay due to high air temperatures after transplanting. Although the yield performance of the TPS hybrids differed depending on the location and year, the TPS hybrids produced noticeably higher total tuber yields in Nevsehir location (ranging from 43.1 to 62.5 t ha(-1) in 2002 and from 39.5 to 50.6 t ha(-1) in 2003) than in Hatay (ranging from 15.3 to 19.6 t ha(-1) in 2002 and from 15.1 to 19.1 t ha(-1) in 2003). The percentage of marketable tubers (>28 mm) was also considerably higher in Nevsehir. The optimal plant density varied between 25 and 30 plants m(-2) with regard to the total yield, while the optimal density with regard to the marketable yield was 20 or 25 plants m(-2) depending on hybrids in Nevsehir. However, none of the tested plant densities caused competition between plants in Hatay, where the environmental conditions during the growing period considerably restricted the growth of individual TPS seedlings. It was concluded that transplanting of TPS seedlings can be considered a feasible alternative for ware or seed potato production in temperate environments like Nevsehir that have growing periods of at least 4 months. However, there are several obstacles, such as difficulties with the timing of transplanting, long adaptation period that threaten the practicability of TIPS technology in Mediterranean-type environments. Further agronomical studies focused on reducing inter- and intra-plant competition are needed for both environments in order to improve the acceptability of TPS technology to farmers. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Growth and development of Virginia type groundnut cultivars under Mediterranean conditions
    (Taylor & Francis As, 2008) Caliskan, Sevgi; Caliskan, M. E.; Erturk, E.; Arslan, M.; Arioglu, H.
    The growth and development of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are under the influence of complex environmental factors. Understanding of the growth responses of the groundnut to environmental factors may improve the application of better management practices and develop better cultivars to overcome the problems causing reductions in yield. A two-year field experiment was conducted to determine the growth and development response of groundnut genotypes to environmental factors in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey in 2001 and 2002. Time from sowing to physiological maturity (R8) ranged from 2513 degrees Cd to 2588 degrees Cd in 2001 and from 2514 degrees Cd to 2573 degrees Cd in 2002 while total calendar days varied between 147 and 153 and between 156 and 161 depending on genotypes in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Dry matter accumulation in each part of the plants continued until maturity although accumulation rate differed depending on plant age. Combination of suitable temperature and photoperiod during the reproductive stages resulted in continuous and abundant reproductive plant parts, which led to delayed harvest and increased unmarketable pods. The slower growth rate due to the cooler conditions during early stages caused slower biomass accumulation in successive stages indicating the importance of initial crop growth for final yield. Therefore, the genotypes having high initial growth rate, less reproductive organs, and shorter growing period should be developed for the Mediterranean conditions by breeders. The management studies should also deal with increased initial growth rate and reduced number of flowers, pegs or pods per plant. Based on our results, groundnut has a great yield potential under the Mediterranean conditions. However, further breeding and management studies are needed to improve the yield and profitability and reduce the complications arisen from the Mediterranean climate.
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    The lepidopteran pests of sweet potato: First record of Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich- Schaffer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with population development and natural enemies in Turkey
    (Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2016) Kaya, Kamuran; Can Cengiz, Feza; Caliskan, Mehmet Emin; Caliskan, Sevgi
    The study was conducted in Hatay Province, east Mediterranean Region, Turkey in 2012 and 2013 to determine major lepidopteran pests of sweet potato and to document the population development of the newly recorded species Helcystogramma triannulella (Herrich-Schaffer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in 2013. Four lepidopteran species, Aedia leucomelas (L.) (Noctuidae), Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus) (Sphingidae), Hydriris ornatalis (Duponchel) (Crambidae) and H. triannulella were found. This was the first detection of H. triannulella in Turkey, so its population development was studied in the second year. The larval population of H. triannulella began to increase towards the end of July and reached its peak in mid-August. During the study, predators, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Oenopia conglobata (L.), Scymnus interruptus (Goeze), Scymnus mediterraneus Khnzorian, Stethorus gilvifrons (Mulsant) (Coleoptera; Coccinellidae); Nabis viridulus Spinola (Hemiptera: Nabidae) were found in the folded parts of the leaves, and parasitoids, Apanteles sp., Chelonus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Diptera: Tachinidae) were obtained in the laboratory from larvae of H. triannulella.