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Öğe Age-related Prevalence of Toxoplasmosis Among Pregnant Women in Hatay: Estimation Depending on Model(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2017) Cetin, Meryem; Cetin, SirinToxoplasmosis, caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is a common parasitic infection affecting approximately one-third of the world population. T. gondii infections are usually acquired by ingesting raw or insufficiently cooked meat and from unwashed fruits and vegetables contaminated with soil or water with cat feces. Primary infection acquired during pregnancy can cause severe congenital abnormalities in the fetus such as neurologic and ocular malformations, abortion, or stillbirth according to the degree of infection. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and rate of seroconversion of T. gondii IgG antibodies in a selected population of pregnant women in Hatay by using a mathematical model. T. gondii-specific serological screening test results of 11.564 pregnant women who have attended the Private Antakya Mosaic Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between 01.04.2009 and 31.04.2016 were analysed in the study. The prevalence of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies in the studied population were found as 48.70% (95% CI, 0.48-0.50). The prevalence of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies were increased linearly with age in our study population. The relationship between age and prevalence was statistically significant (p<0.001). The age-specific rate of seroconversion was estimated as 0.8% for T. gondii infection in pregnant women. It was observed that the rate of T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies decreased from 55.12% (95% CI, 0.52-0.57) detected in 2009 to 42.22% (95% CI, 0.37-0.46) in 2016. The estimated number of cases carrying the risk of primer T. gondii infection was calculated as 69 in the study population. Our results have suggested that the prevalence of T. gondii-specific antibodies is high among pregnant women in Hatay. Early maternal diagnosis and treatment methods may reduce the risk of transplacental transmission during pregnancy. The on time diagnosis can only be achieved with prenatal serological screening. The knowledge of the incidence and prevalence of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women plays a crucial role in estimating the burden of the disease and evaluating the effectiveness of the public health protection policies including screening programmes. Expanding of training activities, drawing attention to hygiene, taking nutritional precautions and increasing awareness of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women are important to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis or minimize the disease.Öğe Awareness and Knowledge Levels of 18-Year-Old and Older Individuals Regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccine in Hatay, Turkey(Springer, 2019) Turhan, Ebru; Cetin, Sirin; Cetin, Meryem; Abacigil, FatmaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness levels of 18-year-old and older women and men on HPV infection, HPV vaccine, and the potential risk factors in Hatay, Turkey. In our study, it was found that overall 27.0 and 23.2% of the participants reported having heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine. The rate of participants who had heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine was higher in women than in men (p < 0.000). Thirteen percent of the participants was aware of the fact that HPV triggers cervical cancer, 10.2% penile cancer, and 16.7% genital warts, respectively. The overall vaccination rate of the participants was 2.7%. When the total knowledge score of the participants about HPV infection and HPV vaccine was evaluated according to independent variables, it was found that being a woman, urbanization, and having a high level of education had a positive effect on knowledge score, while never having heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine had a negative effect on knowledge score (p < 0.000). It was determined in the linear regression model that gender, educational status, residential area, and having heard of HPV infection before influenced knowledge levels. It was determined that the relation between these variables and the total knowledge scores of the participants was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was also determined that women who had higher educational levels, those who were living in urban areas, and those who had heard HPV infection before had higher knowledge levels. The level of knowledge of the participants about HPV infection and HPV vaccine was found to be very low. Having adequate knowledge about HPV infection and increasing the acceptance of HPV vaccination in public will play an important role in decreasing the rate of mortality and morbidity of the different HPV-associated cancers in women and men.Öğe Brucellosis Seroprevalance and Risk Factors in the Population Older Than Fifteen Years in Hatay, Turkey(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Turhan, Ebru; Inandi, Tacettin; Cetin, MeryemObjective: Brucellosis is a common infectious disease in Turkey. The aim of this study is to explore seroprevalence of Brucellosis and the risk factors associated with it in Hatay. Material and Methods: In this community-based cross-sectional study, the study sample consisted of a total of 1150 people older than 15 years of age. During March-May 2008, a questionnaire which included variables about socio-demographic characteristics, profession, occupation with farm animals, milk and milk product consumption was applied. Blood samples were taken, and evaluated with the standard tube agglutination test. Titers greater than 1:160 were considered positive. Chi-Square test and logistic regression were performed to analyze relations between socio-demographic variables and seropositivity. Results: Data of 1120 subjects were completed and analyzed in the study. Of them, 56.8% were males, and %43.2 were females. The mean age and standard deviation of the subjects was 16.8 +/- 44.01. The seropositivity for Brucella was 2.9% (1.96-3.94) in the study population. In univariate analysis, the highest seropositivity was in farmers while the lowest was in officers (p < 0.05). The seropositivity was higher in those who consume raw milk cheese and fresh cream, positive family history, or had close contact with animals (p < 0.01). In multiple analyses, the relations disappeared regarding to close contact with animals and occupation while the other relations remained. The differences by gender, age, rural-urban and education level were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Brucellosis is an important health problem in Hatay. Consumption of fresh cheese, butter, skim-milk cheese, raw milk and cream are the most frequent route of transmission of Brucellosis in our population.Öğe Comparison of bacterial isolates cultured from hemodialysis patients and other patients with diabetic foot and their antimicrobial resistance(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Cetin, Meryem; Ocak, Sabahattin; Kuvandik, Guven; Aslan, BahadirThe aim of this study was to compare microbial findings and their resistance to antibiotics between hemodialysis patients and patients without end-stage renal failure with diabetic foot infections. An 18-month-long descriptive study analyzed bacterial isolates obtained from 32 hemodialysis (HD) patients with diabetic foot infection in an Antakya hemodialysis center and 65 patients with diabetic foot infection admitted to the Education and Research Hospital of Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey. No significant difference in the mean number of pathogens per patient was found between the dialysis patients and other patients (2.3 vs. 2.1, respectively) (p > 0.05). While the occurrence of gram-positive bacteria in the HD patients was found to be 59.0%, this rate in the other patients was 53.1% (p > 0.05). While most frequent bacterial species isolated in the HD patients were S. aureus (22.9%), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CNS) (19.7%), the microorganisms in the other patients were found as CNS (20.7%), followed S. aureus (18.0%). The data recommend that antibiotic therapy in HD patients with diabetic foot infection should be more closely guided by culture findings and antimicrobial susceptibility results.Öğe Determination of the Knowledge Levels on Hepatitis B Virus of Residents at Mustafa Kemal University Hospital(Galenos Yayincilik, 2007) Cetin, Meryem; Temiz, Muhyittin; Aslan, Ahmet; Turhan, EbruThe purpose of this study was to determine the general knowledge levels of the residents in Mustafa Kemal University Hospital on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A total of 60 residents were asked to fill in a questionnaire. It was observed that 31 out of 60 (51.7%) answered the question correctly on the general knowledge, 9 out of 60 (15%) on transmission routes, 5 out of 60 (8.3%) on prevention measures, and 59 out of 60 (98.3%) on risk factors of HBV infection. A significant difference was observed between the knowledge scores of the participants with sex and employment duration whereas no difference was determined between the knowledge scores, with age and departments of the participants. The result of this study demonstrates that the residents, who were under the risk of HBV infection, did not have enough knowledge on the overall characteristics, transmission routes, and prevention measures of HBV infection. It was concluded that, periodic workshops are necessary after graduation from the medical school to keep doctors informed and updated on this particular infection.Öğe Distribution of Candida species in women with vulvovaginal symptoms and their association with different ages and contraceptive methods(Informa Healthcare, 2007) Cetin, Meryem; Ocak, Sabahattin; Gungoren, Arif; Hakverd, Ali UlviThe aim of this study was to determine the frequency and distribution of Candida spp. within different age groups and different contraceptive methods users in women with vulvovaginal symptoms. The study included 569 female outpatients who had visited the Education and Research Hospital of Mustafa Kemal University, Turkey, between Jaunary 2004 and June 2005. Among 569 women with symptoms of vulvovaginitis, 240 (42.2%) were positive for Candida spp., of which 106 (44.2%) were C. albicans and 134 (55.8%) were non-albicans spp. The age group 26-30 y had the highest frequency of Candida spp. (23.7%). Candida spp. were isolated from 44.2% of contraceptive method users, and 37.9% of noncontraceptive users (p > 0.05). The isolation rate of C. albicans was higher among oral-contraceptive users (57.5%) than IUCD users (38.5%), coitus interruptus (48.5%) and condom users (42.8%). These results indicate that factors associated with age and contraceptive method used may influence the occurrence and distribution of Candida spp. in women with vulvovaginal symptoms.Öğe The effect of propolisis and mesalazine on bacterial translocation in an experimental colitis model(Saudi Med J, 2007) Aslan, Ahmet; Cetin, Meryem; Temiz, Muhyittin; Sahinler, Nuray; Besirov, Elmir; Aban, Nedim[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Effects of intrauterine device and oral contraceptive on vaginal flora and epithelium(Saudi Med J, 2007) Ocak, Sabahattin; Cetin, Meryem; Hakverdi, Sibel; Dolapcioglu, Kenan; Gungoren, Arif; Hakverdi, Ali U.Objectives: To investigate the microbial and cytopathological changes and genital symptoms in oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) users. Methods: Included in the study were 34 women using OCP and 34 women using IUCD for 24 to 36 months period and 34 women as control group. We conducted the study between March to September 2005 in Antakya Maternity Hospital, Turkey. Vaginal discharge was subjected to wet mount examination, gram staining, and culture. Cervical smears were examined and reported using the Bethesda system as reference. Results: In the IUCD group, women with intermediate score was 20.6%, while those with bacterial vaginosis was 11.7%. In the OCP group however, women with intermediate score was 8.8%, while those with bacterial vaginosis was 5.9%. Compared to the control group, these rates were 2.9% for those with intermediate score and 2.9% for those with bacterial vaginosis. Escherichia coli vaginal colonization increased by 5-fold in the IUCD users (P<0.05). Cervical erosion was found in 14.7% of the women using IUCD as compared to the other groups (p<0.05). Actinomyces like organisms was detected in 11.7% of the IUCD users (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of IUCD clearly alter the normal vaginal flora, although OCP appears to have minimal effects on the vaginal microbial flora. The data support the hypothesis that IUCD might change cervico vaginal environment, and suggests that women with IUCD may be at a higher risk for vulvovaginal infection.Öğe FOURNIER'S GANGRENE CAUSED BY CANDIDA ALBICANS(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2008) Temiz, Muhyittin; Cetin, Meryem; Aslan, AhmetFournier's gangrene characterized by fulminant necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal, genital or perianal regions, is generally caused by aerobic and anareobic bacteria. Although it is thought to be an idiopathic process, Fournier's gangrene has been shown to have a predilection for patients with diabetes, long term alcohol misuse and immunocompromised patients. The focus of infection is usually located in the urinary tract, lower gastrointestinal tract or skin. The development and progression of the gangrene is often fulminating and can rapidly lead to multiple organ failures and death. Here, we present a Fournier's gangrene case caused by Candida albicans. A 59 year-old woman was admitted to hospital with the complaint of swelling on the right thigh following a trauma occurred three weeks ago. Her history revealed that she had been hospitalized previously for four times due to diabetes mellitus, essential thrombocytopenia, chronic disease anemia and hypertension. Right trochanteric fracture was detected and the patient was taken under surgical debridement with the pre-diagnosis of secondary anaerobic soft tissue infection. Empirical treatment was started with cephalosporin and metronidazole. Since wound and blood cultures revealed C.albicans as the primary microorganism, fluconazole was added to the therapy. However, the patient died on the post-operative 25(th) day because of multi-organ disfunction secondary to fungal sepsis. This case has been reported to emphasize that yeasts should be considered as pathogenic agents in diabetic patients with gangrene.Öğe HEPATITIS E VIRUS SEROPOSITIVITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN HATAY PROVINCE, TURKEY(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2009) Ucar, Edip; Cetin, Meryem; Kuvandik, Ceren; Helvaci, Mehmet Rami; Gullu, Murat; Huzmeli, CanHepatitis E virus (HEV) which is mainly transmitted through faecal-oral route, can also be transmitted via parenteral and vertical route. Recent studies suggest zoonotic nature of the virus. The last studies done in Turkey indicate increasing frequency of HEV infection. This study was conducted to determine the rate of anti-HEV seropositivity among patients with terminal stage renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 92 patients (54 male, 38 female; age range: 22-71 years, mean age: 55 +/- 11 years) who had undergone hemodialysis for a mean period of 66 +/- 18 months, were included to the study. HEV antibodies were analyzed using anti-HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay (ELISA, Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes, Italy). In order to study the relationship of anti-HEV positivity between hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections, anti-HCV antibody and HBsAg were also considered. Mean age, duration of hemodialysis, platelet, serum albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, blood transfusion history were the other evaluated parameters. Anti-HEV IgG positivity was detected in 19 (20.6%) patients, while 7 (7.6%) had anti-HCV positivity and 4 (4.3%) had HBsAg positivity. No statistically significant relation was determined between anti-HEV IgG positive and negative patients in terms of hemodialysis duration, blood transfusion, other laboratory findings and anti-HCV and HBsAg positivity (p> 0.05). While the anti-HEV seropositivity rate (20.6%) determined in this study was higher than the rates determined in the same group of patients in the western part of the country (10-16%), the rate, vas similar to the rates reported from the southeastern part (23%) of Turkey. It can be concluded that screening of patients before or during hemodialysis in terms of anti-HEV antibodies, seems to be of crucial importance in order to establish necessary precautions to prevent parenteral and/or nosocomial transmission of HEV.Öğe HPV-DNA testing and Ki-67 immunocytochemistry in liquid based cervical cytology in prostitute women(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2006) Atik, Esin; Otlu, Baris; Cetin, Meryem; Tok, Devrim; Durmaz, RizaHPV causes several changes in the function of host genes, and these interactions cause deregulation of the cell cycle manifested by abnormal expression of cell cycle associated proteins, such as Ki-67. The detection of Ki-67 can play a role in screening and diagnosis of HPV infection with risk of progression towards dysplasia and carcinoma. To show this relation in prostitute women, cervical cells were collected in the PapSpin Collection Fluid. A starting volume of 1000 mu l for each sample, and a 200 mu l cell suspension were used to prepare each sample for thin layer liquid based cytology and then they were stained by Papanicolaou method. The cytological results were classified according to the Bethesda 2001 system. From the remaining cell suspension of 800 mu l, a 400 mu l sample was used for HPV-DNA detection by PCR, a 50 mu l alliquot was used to make thin layer preparations for immunocytochemistry. Single antigen staining was performed with Ki-67 protein. Cells were considered immunopositive if the nuclei were stained. All cells in one high power field (x400) were counted, and the fraction of immunopositive cells on the slide was calculated. This fraction was expressed as the number of positive cells per 1000 cells to facilitate comparisons of differential cell counts. HPV types 6 and 32 in the study, and HPV types 6 and 51 in the control group were detected. The mean Ki-67 values were 2.7 +/- 1.2 and 3.6 +/- 4.1 in HPV positive and negative cases respectively. There was a positive correlation only with nuclear changes and HPV positivity (x(2) = 28.8, p < 0.001). There was not any significant correlation between HPV or Ki-67 and leukocytosis. An association with HPV and contraception, smoking, and concurrent genital infection was not found. The prevalence of HPV types in different geographical locations and races may indicate different etiologies of cervical cancer. Our results suggest that Ki-67 immunocytochemistry is not useful as a surrogate marker for HPV types of 6, 32 and 51.Öğe Hpv-dna testing and ki-67 immunocytochemistry in liquid based cervical cytology: in prostitute women(Springer, 2007) Atik, Esin; Otlu, Baris; Cetin, Meryem; Tok, Devrim; Durmaz, Riza[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Morganella morganii-associated arthritis in a diabetic patient(Springer, 2008) Cetin, Meryem; Ocak, Sabahattin; Kuvandik, Guven; Aslan, Bahadir; Temiz, Muhyittin; Aslan, AhmetThis case report involves a 60-year-old diabetic man who developed septic arthritis as a result of the pathogen Morganella morganii. The patient had complaints of elevated body temperature, malaise, rigors and pain in the left knee, despite no history of trauma. On examination of the knee, erythema, warmth, tenderness and swelling was observed. Arthrocentesis performed on his left knee indicated the presence of straw-coloured, cloudy fluid without crystals. Bacterial identification based on biochemical and automated methods indicated the growth of M morganii. M morganii was also isolated from the exudate of a diabetic ulcer in the left foot, with antibiotic susceptibilities identical to those from the knee effusion. This case indicates that M morganii may be considered as a possible cause of septic arthritis in diabetic patients, especially those with diabetic foot infections.Öğe The prevalance, epidemiology and risk factors for onychomycosis in hemodialysis patients(Bmc, 2007) Kuvandik, Gueven; Cetin, Meryem; Genctoy, Gultekin; Horoz, Mehmet; Duru, Mehmet; Akcali, Cenk; Satar, SalimBackground: Onychomycosis has a high prevalance among immunocompromised patients such as diabetics and hemodialysis patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of onychomycosis among hemodialysis patients with and without diabetes mellitus, and to find out the factors likely to be associated with the development of onychomycosis among hemodialysis patients. Methods: One hundred and nine hemodialysis patients were enrolled. Fifty-seven of hemodialysis patients had the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Nail scrapings were obtained from 76 patients who had dystrophic nail changes. Samples were examined with 20% potassium hydroxide solution and all of the samples were inoculated on Saboraud's dextrose agar, potateus dextrose agar and mycobiotic agar. Diagnosis of onychomycosis was based on the presence of both positive clinical signs and positive potassium hydroxide test. Results: Onychomycosis was diagnosed in 26.6% of hemodialysis patients. Diabetes mellitus was present in 68.9% of patients with onychomycosis. Toenail scraping cultures were reported to be positive in 19.7% of patients with dystrophic nail changes. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of diabetes mellitus and the mean duration of hemodialysis were the significant predictors associated with the development of onychomycosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of dystrophic nail changes and onychomycosis is increased among hemodialysis patients. The dialysis duration and the presence of diabetes mellitus are the independent risk factors associated with the development of onychomycosis in uraemic patients.Öğe Seropositivity of Hepatitis A and B According to Age and Sex in Preoperative Patients in Antakya(Galenos Yayincilik, 2005) Ocak, Sabahattin; Kaya, Hasan; Cetin, Meryem; Inandi, TacettinThe aim of the study was to estimate about seroprevalance rates of hepatitis A and B infections in Antakya region. The preoperative laboratory records of patients who were schedulled for various types of operations between May 2004 and May 2005 in Antakya State Hospital were used in this retrospective study. ELISA method was used to determine the antibodies for anti-HAV IgG, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG. The percentages of the seropositivity for anti-HAV IgG, HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG were found to be 85.4% (737/862), 3.2% (79/2439), 33.4% (734/2194), 31.6% (585/1848), respectively. Seropositivity of HBsAg and anti-HBs was higher in males than in females. (p< 0.05). This study showed that there is a increased seropositivity of anti-HAV IgG, anti-HBs and anti-HBc IgG positivities with age (p<0.05). This study also showed that seroprevalances of hepatitis A and hepatitis B may be high in Antakya region.Öğe Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell anemia in a long-term follow-up(Elsevier Science Inc, 2006) Ocak, Sabahattin; Kaya, Hasan; Cetin, Meryem; Gali, Edip; Ozturk, MugeBackground. Transfusion-dependent patients are more prone to acquiring various transfusion-transmitted infections such as hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of these infections in patients with thalassemia and with sickle cell anemia (SCA) receiving multiple blood transfusions. Methods. The subjects of the present study were 399 multi-transfused patients with beta-thalassemia major or intermedia and SCA who have been registered at the two regional hemoglobinopathy centers in Turkey since 1996. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies (anti-HIV) tests were assayed by a second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results. Of the 399 patients, 3 were HBsAg positive (0.75%), 18 were anti-HCV positive (4.5%), and none was anti-HIV positive. All patients with HBsAg and 14 (77.7%) patients with HCV received initial blood transfusions before second-generation tests were performed. Patients who were anti-HCV positive had a significantly higher mean number of blood transfusions and peak serum alanine transaminase level than anti-HCV-negative patients. Conclusions. These results showed that after introduction of more sensitive screening tests and stringent donor selection procedures, incidence of HCV infection was significantly reduced, but there was still a serious risk for HCV infection, and there was a minor risk for HBV infection in patients with thalassemia and SCA. (C) 2006 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc.Öğe Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and associated risk factors among pregnant women(J Infection Developing Countries, 2018) Cetin, Sirin; Cetin, Meryem; Turhan, Ebru; Dolapcioglu, KenanIntroduction: Hepatitis B infection is a serious global public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), as well as the risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of the University Hospital in Antioch, Turkey. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2016 and December 2016. The Chi-squared was utilized to estimate the statistical significance of the association between socio-demographic variables and HBsAg status. The results were generated as proportions odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and calculated by using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The semprevalence of HBsAg was found to be 2.1%. A significant association was observed between age and HF3sAg seropositivity (p = 0.027). History of blood transfusion (AOR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.92-46.80, p = 0.006), history of hepatitis (AOR = 11.13, 95% CI = 2.02-61.28, p = 0.006), tattooing (AOR = 13.64, 95% CI = 2.52-73.76, p = 0.002) and a history of household/close contact (AOR = 11.10, 95% CI = 1.56-78.65, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with the risk of HBV infection. Conclusions: Data regarding the seroprevalence of HBsAg and risk factors associated with HBV infection in pregnant women plays a crucial role in evaluating the effectiveness of the public health protection policies and the strategies to control the disease.Öğe The Seroprevalence of Viral Hepatitis A in Patients Who Had Consulted at Mustafa Kemal University of Medicine Faculty(Galenos Yayincilik, 2007) Turhan, Ebru; Cetin, MeryemHepatitis A virus infection is an important public health problem in our country due to the insufficiency of infrastructure. HAV infection frequency is related to socioeconomic status and environmental factors. In this study was investigated hepatitis A virus seropositivity according to age, sex and seasons in 528 serum samples sent from several policlinics and clinics to ELISA laboratory between October 2003 and October 2005. Results were analysed with Fisher's x(2) test. Two hundred and fifty-seven were male and 271 were female among the 528 patient. The average age of the patients were 38.1 +/- 20.1 years. Hepatit A virus infection seropositivity was determined as 81.1%. Anti-HAV seropositivity increases with age. There is no relation between hepatit A virus infection seropositivity with sex. In conclusion, HAV infection seropositivity rates was similar to the incidence in our country and it was considered for protection from infection which transmitted fecal-oral rout that must improved educational level and arranged socioeconomic status.Öğe Widespread, chronic, and fluconazole-resistant Trichophyton rubrum infection in an immunocompetent patient(Wiley, 2008) Balci, Didem Didar; Cetin, MeryemChronic, widespread and invasive cutaneous dermatophytoses due to Trichopyhton rubrum are common in immunocompromised patients. In immunocompetent individuals, however, chronic widespread dermatophytoses are more often associated with onychomycosis and tinea pedis. We describe a 54-year-old immunocompetent female who presented with a 2-year history of extensive erythematous and hyper-pigmented scaly plaques involving the abdominal, gluteal and crural regions without concomitant tinea pedis, tinea manus or onychomycosis. The diagnosis was made by mycological examination including culture. The pathogen identified was T. rubrum. The patient had a history of resistance to systemic fluconazole and topical ketoconazole. After an 8-week therapy period with systemic itraconazole and sertaconazole nitrate cream, a near-complete clearing of all lesions was observed. Trichophyton rubrum may thus present atypical aspects in immmunocompetent patients.
