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Öğe Agomelatine Protection in an LPS-Induced Psychosis-Relevant Behavior Model(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2015) Inanir, Sema; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Kokacya, Hanifi; Dokuyucu, Recep; Erbas, Oytun; Inanir, AhmetBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of agomelatine in a psychosis-relevant behavior model. Material/Methods: We used 18 adult male Wistar rats in this study. Twelve rats given LPS for endotoxemia were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=6). Group I was treated with 1 mL/kg 0.9% NaCl i. p. and Group II was treated with 40 mg/kg agomelatine. Six normal rats served as the control group and were not given LPS for endotoxemia. Cylindrical steel cages containing vertical and horizontal metal bars with top cover were used. Rats were put in these cages for the purpose of orientation for 10 min. Apomorphine was given to rats removed from cages, and then they were immediately put back in the cages for the purpose of observing stereotyped conduct. Brain HVA levels and plasma TNF-alpha levels were evaluated in tissue homogenates using ELISA. The proportion of malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured in samples taken from plasma for detection of lipid peroxidation similar to thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results: LPS induced-plasma TNF-alpha, brain TNF-alpha, and plasma MDA levels were significantly lower in the LPS+ agomelatine group compared to the LPS+ saline group (p< 0.05). HVA levels and stereotype scores were significantly lower in the LPS+ agomelatine group compared to the LPS+ saline group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Agomelatine reduced TNF-alpha, HVA, MDA levels, and the stereotype score in relevant models of psychosis. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of agomelatine involved oxidant cleansing properties and that its effects on the metabolism of dopamine can play an important role in the model of psychosis.Öğe The Antipsychotic Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Rats(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Inanir, Sema; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Dokuyucu, Recep; Erbas, OytunBackground: In humans, omega-3 fatty acids are necessary for cell membranes, brain function and nerve transmission continuation. When animals are exposed to a new environment-or as a result of an apomorphine application that creates an agonistic effect on D1 and D2 receptors-they display behavioral reactions like rearing and stereotypy. This study aims to reveal the possible antipsychotic and oxidative effects of omega-3 fatty acids by comparing with chlorpromazine, a conventional antipsychotic drug, through evaluating the novelty-induced rearing and apomorphine-induced stereotypic behaviors, as well as malondialdehyde and glutathione levels in rats. Methods: Twenty-eight, adult, male, Wistar rats were used in the study. Briefly, 4 groups of rats (n = 7) were administered docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (300 mg/kg; DHA: 120 mg/kg + EPA: 180 mg/kg intraperitoneally [IP]), DHA + EPA (150 mg/kg; DHA: 60 mg/kg + EPA: 90 mg/kg IP), chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg, IP) and isotonic saline (1 mL/kg, IP). One hour later, apomorphine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously) was administered to each rat. After the apomorphine administration, rats were observed for stereotypic behavior. Results: This study shows that omega-3 fatty acids, similar to antipsychotics, reversed the psychotic like effects, increase of oxidants and decrease of antioxidants that are composed experimentally in rats. Conclusions: The application of omega-3 fatty acids has antipsychotic effects and causes an oxidative imbalance. This study adds new evidence to the current literature regarding the possible antipsychotic effects of omega-3 fatty acids.Öğe Antipsychotic-like effect of minocycline in a rat model(E-Century Publishing Corp, 2014) Dokuyucu, Recep; Kokacya, Hanifi; Inanir, Sema; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Erbas, OytunObjectives: Tetracycline antibiotic drug minocycline has strongly neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Minocycline has also remarkable brain tissue penetration, is clinically entirely tolerated and properly absorbed when taken orally. In our study, we class with the effects of minocycline and chlorpromazine, a conventional antipsychotic drug, by evaluating the novelty-induced rearing, apomorphine-induced stereotypic behavior, and brain MDA levels in rats. Materials and Methods: Four groups of rat (n = 7) were applied with minocycline (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.), chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg, i.p.), or isotonic saline (1 mL/kg, i.p.). One hour later, apomorphine (2 mg/kg, s.c.) was applied to each rat. Result: Our results showed that both doses of minocycline significantly decreased the rearing behavior in rats, whereas the decrease with chlorpromazine was higher. Minocycline also decreased the stereotypy scores in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: We concluded that minocycline has beneficial effects on rearing behavior and stereotypy, which are accepted to be indicators of antipsychotic effect. Taken together, minocycline, as an anti-oxidant and cytoprotective agent, can be useful in neuroprotection especially on early stages of psychosis or prepsychotic patients with insignificant symptoms. Minocycline is worthy of being investigated for its anti-psychotic effects as a primary or an adjunctive drug.Öğe A Case of Cannabis Use-Associated Psychotic Disorder Accompanied by Autoscopic Phenomena(Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2015) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Sahpolat, Musa; Ari, MustafaCannabis (Marijuana) is one of the most commonly used illegal addictive substances. The psychiatric symptoms associated with cannabis use are agitation, insomnia, depressive or raised mood, anxiety, hallucinations, and concentration problems. It is known that cannabis use increases the risk for psychoses and bipolar disorders and may deteriorate the clinical presentation of pre-existing psychoses and bipolar disorders. A characteristic symptom of autoscopic psychosis is visual hallucination of some part or the entirety of a person's body, imitating his or her behaviors and being perceived as if seen in a mirror. This is not a specific symptom of any mental disorder and the cause is not definitively known. In this case presentation, the symptoms of a patient diagnosed with cannabis use-associated autoscopic psychosis are discussed in the context of the literature.Öğe Demodex Parazytes in Schizophrenia(Derman Medical Publ, 2016) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Hamamci, Berna; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Kaya, Ozlem AycanAim: Demodex parazytes are commonly present all over the world, especially in facial region of humans. Demodex spp. are assumed to be more common in schizophrenia due to partial suppression of immune system and lack of good self-care. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Demodex ectoparasites in schizophrenia patients. Material and Method: In the study, 31 patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 30 subjects without any psychiatric disorder or skin disease were subjected to standard superficial skin biopsy technique to determine Demodex spp. Results: Demodex spp. were found positive in nine schizophrenia patients and it was found positive in two healthy controls. Considering the prevalence of Demodex spp., a significant relationship is found between schizophrenia patients and normal controls (p< 0.05). Discussion: As a result, Demodex spp. are more common in schizophrenia due conditions of reduced self-care and immunosuppression, Demodex parasites should be considered in schizophrenia patients with skin lesions, especially on the face, and should to be treated if needed.Öğe Depression and Neglect of a Girl Child Due to Baby Boy Pressure of the Society(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2015) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Demirkiran, Sumeryra Dua; Arslan, Mustafa MuhammetIn the present study, a condition of a major depressed mother who had three daughters and evidently neglect her daughters because of the pressure by the society and her relatives is presented. Our case is a 28-years old housewife with secondary school degree. She was admitted to our clinic with the symptoms of anhedonia, fatigue, unwillingness, crying and suicidal thoughts. She was hospitalized to psychiatric service with diagnosis of major depression because of the obvious symptoms of suicidal plans and motor retardation. It was understood that the last depression episode was experienced by her two years ago when she learned her child's sex form the gynecologist during her pregnancy. She stated that her husband's family wanted baby boy and blamed herself because she had failed to do so. Then, she started to neglect her girls after that time. She also stated that her care was reduced during her pregnancy and even she started to dress her children finer at cold weather and did not cover them at cold nights and did not give their medications to make them more and more ill. Also, said I wish my daughters die and I have a baby boy. Sex discrimination reduces the care that should be shown to girls. Our case wanted to harm her children because of the sex discrimination and ignored her daughters with the hope of having a baby boy.Öğe DNA Methylation of BDNF Gene in Schizophrenia(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2016) Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Igci, Mehri; Bozgeyik, Esra; Kokacya, M. Hanifi; Igci, Yusuf Ziya; Dokuyucu, Recep; Ari, MustafaBackground: Although genetic factors are risk factors for schizophrenia, some environmental factors are thought to be required for the manifestation of disease. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene functions without causing a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity. It has been suggested that BDNF may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. It is established that methylation status of the BDNF gene is associated with fear learning, memory, and stressful social interactions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the DNA methylation status of BDNF gene in patients with schizophrenia. Material/Methods: The study included 49 patients (33 male and 16 female) with schizophrenia and 65 unrelated healthy controls (46 male and 19 female). Determination of methylation pattern of CpG islands was based on the principle that bisulfite treatment of DNA results in conversion of unmethylated cytosine residues into uracil, whereas methylated cytosine residues remain unmodified. Methylation-specific PCR was performed with primers specific for either methylated or unmethylated DNA. Results: There was no significant difference in methylated or un-methylated status for BDNF promoters between schizophrenia patients and controls. The mean duration of illness was significantly lower in the hemi-methylated group compared to the non-methylated group for BDNF gene CpG island-1 in schizophrenia patients. Conclusions: Although there were no differences in BDNF gene methylation status between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, there was an association between duration of illness and DNA methylation.Öğe Does helicobacter pylori cause psychiatric symptoms in dyspeptic patients?(Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2014) Kivrak, Yuksel; Kokacya, Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Dokuyucu, Recep; Ari, Mustafa; Sulu, Barlas; Atalay, ErayObjective: A good deal of researches regarding dyspepsia and Helicobacter Pylori (Hp), which are among the most important health problems, have been held. Both Hp and psychiatric symptoms can affect dyspepsia. However, it has not been researched whether Hp causes the psychiatric symptoms or not. In this study, it has been researched whether HP causes the psychiatric symptoms or not. Method: of the patients who applied with the problem of dyspepsia and were directed for endoscopy, 118 were evaluated. Scl-90 scale was applied. Those who proved biochemically and histopatologically HP and those who do not were compared. Results: It has been established that there is no meaningful difference in both groups in terms of somatization, obsessive-compulsive features, sensibility in interpersonal relations, anxiety, anger and hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid thinking and psychoticism. While HP group got higher scores from the sub-groups of anxiety, obsession, depression, interpersonal sensibility, psychotic, paranoid and General Symptom Index , the HP (-) group got higher scores from sub-scales of somatization, anger and from additional ones. The scores that the both groups have obtained from the somatization sub-scale are above eleven, which is cutoff score. Besides the group with HP (+) has been detected to get a score over 1 from the subscales of anxiety, obsession, depression and interpersonal sensibility. Conclusion: HP does not cause psychiatric symptoms. Individuals who suffer from dyspepsia had better get examined.Öğe DOES HELICOBACTER PYLORI CAUSE PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS?(Carbone Editore, 2014) Kivrak, Yuksel; Kokacya, Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Dokuyucu, Recep; Ari, Mustafa; Sulu, Barlas; Atalay, ErayObjective: A good deal of researches regarding dyspepsia and Helicobacter Pylori (Hp), which are among the most important health problems, have been held. Both Hp and psychiatric symptoms can affect dyspepsia. However, it has not been researched whether Hp causes the psychiatric symptoms or not In this study, it has been researched whether HP causes the psychiatric symptoms or not. Method: of the patients who applied with the problem of dyspepsia and were directed for endoscopy, 118 were evaluated. Scl-90 scale was applied. Those who proved biochemically and histopatologically HP and those who do not were compared. Results: It has been established that there is no meaningful difference in both groups in terms of somatization, obsessive-coin. pulsive features, sensibility in interpersonal relations anxiety anger and hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid thinking and psychoticism. While HP group :got higher scores from the sub groups of anxiety, Obsession, depression, interpersonal sensibility, psychotic, paranoid and General Symptom Index, the HP (-) group got higher scores from sub scales of somatization, anger and from additional ones. The scores that the both groups have obtained from the somatization sub scale are above eleven;. which is cutoff score. Besides the group with Hp (+) has been detected to get a score. over I from the subscales of anxiety, obsession, depression and interpersonal sensibility. Conclusion: HP does not cause psychiatric symptoms: Individuals who suffer from dyspepsia had better get examined.Öğe The effect of social support and severity of the disease on posttraumatic growth in ankylosing spondylitis(Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2014) Yagiz, Abdullah Erman; Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Uruc, Vedat; Paksoy, Hacer; Yengil, Erhan; Ustun, NilgulAim: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is described as the positive psychological changes after struggling with highly challenging life circumstances. This study aimed to evaluate PTG in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who were characterised with posture and joint motion disorders. The clinical and social factors that play a role in the development of PTG were also investigated. Materials and methods: Eighty AS patients aged 18 to 65 years were included in the study. Disease activity was evaluated by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), functional status by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and spinal mobility by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI). For the evaluation of the positive psychological changes posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) was used, as multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) and ways of coping inventory were respectively used to assess social support and coping strategies. Results: The population consists of 58 male and 22 female subjects. The mean total scores of PTG, total social support and coping inventory were 67.90 ± 18.96, 66.42 ± 14.52 and 96.97 ± 10.43, respectively. The total PTG scores were significantly higher in women than in men (p=0.016). BASDAI and BASFI were negatively correlated with PTG, whereas ways of coping and social support were positively correlated with PTG (p=0.001, r=0.352; p=0.044, r=0.226). Conclusion: Social support and ways of coping have a positive effect, whereas disease severity and poor functional index have a negative effection the development of PTG.Öğe THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE ON POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS(Carbone Editore, 2014) Yagiz, Abdullah Erman; Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Uruc, Vedat; Paksoy, Hacer; Yengil, Erhan; Ustun, NilgulAim: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is described as the positive psychological changes after struggling with highly challenging life circumstances. This study aimed to evaluate PTG in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who were characterised with posture and joint motion disorders. The clinical and social factors that play a role in the development of PTG were also investigated. Materials and methods: Eighty AS patients aged 18 to 65 years were included in the study: Disease activity was evaluated by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), functional status by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) and spinal mobility by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI). For the evaluation of the positive psychological:changes posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI),Was used as multidimensional scale of perceived octal support (MSPSS) and ways of coping inventory were respectively used to assess social support and coping strategies. Results: The population consists of 58 male and 22 female subjects. The Mean total scores of PTG, total social support and coping inventory were 67.90 +/- 18.96, 66.42 +/- 14 52 and 96.97 +/- 10.43, respectively. The total PTG scores were significantly higher in Women than in men (p=0.016). BASDAI and BASFI were negatively correlated with PTG, whereas ways of coping and social supF port were positively correlated with PTG (p=0.001, r=0352; p=0.44, r=0226). Conclusion: Social support and ways of coping have a positive effect, whereas disease severity and poor functional index have a negative effection the development of PTG:Öğe The evaluation of anxiety and panic agarophobia scores in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo on initial presentation and at the follow-up visit(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Kahraman, Serif Samil; Arli, Cengiz; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Colak, SaitConclusion: Patients with BPPV experienced short but intense anxiety and/or panic disorder, especially at the initial visit, but most patients recovered without medication with successful treatment. Objective: Recent studies have shown that people with dizziness report some psychological problems such as panic and agoraphobia and anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety and panic agorophobia levels in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo on initial presentation and at the follow-up visit and compare the scores with the control group. Methods: All the 32 patients in the study had a diagnosis of BPPV confirmed by their history, typical subjective symptom reports, and characteristic positional nystagmus during the Dix-Hallpike test and/or Roll test. The patients were instructed to complete the standard forms of Beck anxiety inventory and panic agoraphobia scale questionnaire before and at 7 and 14 days after the canalith repositioning treatment. Results: The validity scores of panic agoraphobia were statistically significantly higher in patients with BPPV than in the control group in each period (p < .001) and the validity scores of the Beck anxiety inventory were statistically significantly higher in patients with BPPV than in the control group at the first and second evaluation (p < .001).Öğe Increased Mean Platelet Volume in Patients with Depression(Derman Medical Publ, 2015) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Ari, Mustafa; Sahpolat, Musa; Ulutas, Kemal Turker; Kivrak, YukselAim: It is well known that the mean platelet volume (MPV) is a good indicator of platelet activity and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Major depressive disorder may emerge in association with the cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between MPV and major depressive disorder. Material and Method: MPV values of 65 patients with major depression were compared with 66 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects. Body mass index (BMI), MPV, platelet count (PLC) of all participants were measured. Beck Depression Scale (BDS) was performed to measure severity of depression. Results: MPV values of patients who had major depression were found to be significantly higher than the control group. Comparing Major Depression with the control group, there was no significant difference in terms of platelet count. In the depression group, there was no correlation between the severity of depression and MPV. Discussion: As a result, the mean platelet volume was determined to have a significant increase in major depressive disorder compared with healthy individuals. This also may be informative about the association between pathologies related vascular structure such as vascular atherosclerosis and depression.Öğe Increased mean platelet volume in patients with panic disorder(Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2015) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Kivrak, Yuksel; Ari, Mustafa; Sahpolat, Musa; Ulutas, Kemal TurkerObjective: The relationship between platelet activation and psychiatric disorders has been shown in previous work. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a measure of platelet size and a good indicator of platelet activity, which increases in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is known that anxiety is a considerable factor in the etiology of mortality in CVDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate any probable difference in the MPV of patients with panic disorder (PD). Methods: Sixty-one drug-free patients, aged 18-65 years and diagnosed with PD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, were included in the study, along with 63 healthy age-and sex-matched volunteers. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated and MPV measured for each subject. Results: The MPV was found to be higher in the PD group compared to the control group (P=0.004). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of platelet count or BMI. Conclusion: Alterations in platelet activity may be a reflection of abnormal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 1A receptor function in the central nervous system of subjects with a diagnosis of PD. These findings may elucidate the relationship between CVDs and PD. The findings of the present study suggest that MPV is increased in PD patients.Öğe Partner violence against women, childhood trauma, depression and quality of life: a population based-study(Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2015) Kivrak, Yuksel; Gey, Neriman; Kivrak, Habibe Ayla; Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Ari, MustafaObjective: In this study our aim was to investigate the frequency of spousal violence, its relationship with childhood traumas, depression and sociodemographic factors and its effects on affected women's life quality. Methods: Data of 410 randomly chosen people who live in the city center and nearby villages were evaluated. The sociodemographic data survey, Short Form 36 (SF- 36), Family Violence Survey (FVS), Beck Depression Scale (BDS), Childhood Trauma Scale (CTS) were applied. Results: Of the participants, 366 (89.3%) had experienced violence at least once in their lifetime. 309 (75.4%) of them were emotional, 306 (74.6%) of them were sexual, 285 (69.5%) of them were verbal, 222(54.1%) of them were physical, 321 (78.3%) of them were economical violence. Beck Depression Scale, Childhood Trauma Scale, husband's educational level, disparity in age and education level between spouses were important for exposure to violence. Depression was an important effect on life quality of the affected women. Conclusion: Familial violence is frequent. BDS, CTS are the main predictors for spousal violence and life quality. Diagnosis and treatment of depression may help to prevent spousal violence and increase life quality.Öğe Peripheral edema due to olanzapine use: a case report(Yerkure Tanitim & Yayincilik Hizmetleri A S, 2016) Sahpolat, Musa; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Kokaya, Mehmet HanifiPeripheral edema is associated with multiple medical etiologies (systemic disorders, hypoproteinemia, long-term immobility, cancer diseases) and drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensives, steroids, and immunsupressive agents). Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication approved for treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder and other psychiatric disorder. Olanzapine-induced side effects is also presented with weight gain, drowsiness, asthenia, constipation, dyspepsia, dry mouth, and dizziness. Olanzapine-induced edema formation mechanisms at the level of information about the ongoing assumptions and olanzapine-induced receptor is reported to be associated with the profile. In this case report, a case of olanzapine-induced peripheral edema, not known more than the other side effects of olanzapine has been presented and probable mechanisms of edema has been discussed.Öğe Prevalence of Demodex spp among alcohol-dependent patients(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2016) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Kaya, Ozlem Aycan; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Elmacioglu, SibelPurpose: Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are common ectoparasites found in humans and live on the pilosebaceous glands and hair follicles especially on the facial region. Chronic alcohol consumption can weaken immune system and cause more severe infections. Demodex spp is assumed to be more common in alcohol-dependent patients due to partial suppression of immune system and lack of good self-care. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of Demodex spp. ectoparasite in alcohol-dependent patients. Material and Methods: In the study, 24 patients with a diagnosis of alcohol dependence and 24 healthy control subjects were subjected to standard superficial skin biopsy technique to determine Demodex spp. Results: In 37.5% of alcohol-dependent patients and 4.1% of control subjects Demodex spp. were found positive. Considering the prevalence of Demodex spp, a significant difference was found between alcoholdependent patients and control subjects. Conclusion: Demodex spp. are more common in alcoholdependent patients due conditions of reduced self-care and immunosuppression. Demodex parasites should be considered in alcohol-dependent patients with skin lesions, especially on the face, and should to be treated if needed.Öğe Stress reaction, anxiety and depression after bomb attacks in Reyhanli in Syria-Turkey border(Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2016) Ari, Mustafa; Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Yengil, Erhan; Kivrak, Yuksel; Sahpolat, Musa; Budak, BirsenObjective: Terror attacks are actions taken to create maximum negative psychological impact on the target population. As result of two separate bombings on 11 March 2013 at Hatay, Reyhanli 52 people died and 146 people were injured. The purpose of this study is to determine the ratio of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on sixth month following the blast in those people who were exposed to explosions either visually and auditory, and in tose who were lindirectly exposed by being witnesses. Methods: In this study 43 people who were directly exposed, 42 people who were indirectly exposed to the explosions and 45 healthy people as a control group are included for a total of 130 individuals. On sixth month after the blast Beck Depression Inventory, Civilian Versions of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Sociodemographic Information Form were administered to all subjects. Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder on people who directly and indirectly exposed to explosions are significantly high compared to control group. Among the three groups there are no statistically significant differences in terms of age, gender and demographic factors. Conclusions: Our study has supportive information about the individuals who were exposed to terrorist attacks have high prevalence of PTSD. Additionally, the fact that the prevalence of PTSD and depression were higher in directly exposed cases than indirectly exposed ones may be illustrative in terms of approach to terror trauma.Öğe Symptomatic Remission Determines Functional Improvement and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia(Aves, 2016) Kokacya, Mehmet Hanifi; Virit, Osman; Copoglu, Umit Sertan; Savas, Haluk; Ari, Mustafa; Bahceci, BulentIntroduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic illness that negatively affects the quality of life and psychosocial functions. Defined criteria to assess remission in schizophrenia are considered to be useful in the longterm follow-up of patients and in discriminating diagnostic factors. This study investigated the quality of life and functionality in schizophrenia patients in symptomatic remission (R-Sch) and not in remission (NonR- Sch). Methods: Sociodemographic data were collected for 40 R-Sch and 40 Non-R-Sch patients, and the following scales were administered: the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) Scale; Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Form, Turkish Version (WHOQOL-BREF-TR), Quality of Life Scale for Schizophrenia Patients (QLS), and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Results: The total and all subscale scores of PANSS and the CGI-S score were significantly lower in the R-Sch group than in the NonR- Sch group, whereas the GAF scores and all subscales of QLS and WHOQOL-BREF-TR were significantly higher. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that improvement in symptoms in schizophrenia patients improves quality and functionality in all areas of life, suggesting that an improvement in symptoms is the most important determinant of functional recovery in the treatment of schizophrenia.
