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Öğe The effect of grafting on pollen fertility and seed production of diploid interspecific hybrid and tetraploid eggplant genotypes(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Curuk, Sebahattin; Cegil, Ilknur KulahliogluSolanum melongena is susceptible to diverse diseases and parasites, in particular the wilts (bacterial, Fusarium and Verticillium), nematodes, and some insects. Solanum torvum is robust to Verticillium and some bacterial wilts and root-knot nematode. It was reported that interspecific hybrid plants originated out of the hybridization of these species were sterile. In our previous studies that have been carried out to overcome this interspecific hybridization barrier, only from Faselis F1 that was used as the female parent, many interspecific hybrid seeds were obtained and 9.07% of the seeds grew into plants in vitro. The percentage of pollen viability and germination of tetraploid interspecific hybrid (amphidiploid) genotypes that have been produced by in vitro colchicine treatment, were 6.8 and 3.4 fold of its source diploid genotype, respectively. However, the increment was not high enough to overcome the interspecific hybridization barrier between S. torvum and S. melongena. In this study, the changes in pollen fertility of diploid interspecific hybrids and tetraploid plants, which have grafted on Pala or Faselis F1, were investigated. Pollen viability and germination percentage in diploid genotypes were not affected by grafting, although they increased significantly (51.54% and 119.73%, respectively) in tetraploid genotypes by grafting. It was determined that the fertile diploid rootstock used for the tetraploid genotypes that produced by chromosome doubling from cultured eggplants could increase the number of seeds per fruit. It was concluded that some fertile diploid varieties can be used as rootstocks in order to increase pollen viability, germination rate and seed yield of tetraploid genotypes with low pollen yield obtained from cultivated eggplant by chromosome doubling.Öğe Food-grade sugar can promote differentiation in melon (Cucumis melo L.) tissue culture(Springer, 2012) Curuk, Sebahattin; Cetiner, Selim; Yalcin-Mendi, Yesim; Carmeli-Weissberg, Mira; Graber, Ellen; Gaba, VictorThe objective of the present study was to investigate the origin of discrepancy between experimental results in in vitro culture of Turkish melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars, conducted by the same individual using the same protocol and same seed batches in two different laboratories. The difference in the sucrose source was found to be the major reason for the deviation in results between the two laboratories. The percentage of regenerating explants and the number of bud-like protuberances and/or shoots were significantly greater when a food-grade Turkish sucrose was used in the medium compared with analytical-grade sucrose. Media formulated with the food-grade sucrose regenerated 37 and 67 % more explants and bud-like protuberances and/or shoots per explant, respectively, than media containing analytical-grade sucrose. No meaningful differences were found in added elements or anions between the sucrose sources or by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy. The only significant chemical difference observed between the sucrose samples was the presence of melanoidins (Maillard reaction products) in the food-grade sucrose. The melanoidins were of high molecular weight (> 3,000 Da determined by ultrafiltration), with characteristic ultraviolet-visible spectra and in vitro antioxidant activity. Melanoidin-containing sucrose can be differentiated by color and spectroscopy.Öğe Grafted eggplant yield, quality and growth in infested soil with Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne incognita(Empresa Brasil Pesq Agropec, 2009) Curuk, Sebahattin; Dasgan, H. Yildiz; Mansuroglu, Sedat; Kurt, Sener; Mazmanoglu, Meltem; Antakli, Oezguer; Tarla, GuelcanThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of grafting (onto Solanum torvum Sw.) on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of the Pala and Faselis eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultivars, grown in a soil infested with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and Meloidogyne incognita, or in noninfested soil. Soil infestation decreased yield, plant height, final above-ground biomass, and also reduced fruit mean weight and shoot dry weight depending on cultivar or grafting. Grafting decreased fruit oxalic acid and the soluble solid contents, and increased mean fruit weight, depending on cultivar and soil infestation. Grafting also reduced the negative effects of the pathogens on disease index, plant height and shoot dry weight. Cultivar Pala was more vigorous than Faselis, and S. torvum was a vigorous rootstock. The combination of a vigorous rootstock with a weak cultivar (Faselis) is more profitable than that of a vigorous rootstock and a vigorous cultivar (Pala). Using S. torvum as a rootstock for cultivar Faselis, grown in soil infested with the pathogens, is most likely to be useful in conventional and low-input sustainable horticulture, since grafting increases protection against the pathogens, and reduces the losses in quality and yield.Öğe Leaf mineral composition of grafted eggplant grown in soil infested with Verticillium and root-knot nematodes(Empresa Brasil Pesq Agropec, 2010) Curuk, Sebahattin; Dasgan, H. Yildiz; Mansuroglu, Sedat; Kurt, Sener; Mazmanoglu, Meltem; Tarla, Gulcan; Durgac, CoskunThe objective of this work was to determine differences in leaf mineral composition between ungrafted and grafted onto (Solanum torvum) eggplant (Solanum melongena), cultivars 'Faselis' and 'Pala', grown in a soil infested with Verticillium dahliae and Meloidogyne incognita, or in a noninfested soil. Grafting increased leaf P and Mn concentrations, and decreased N concentrations, in both soils. Grafting also enhanced leaf Ca concentration of 'Pala', but it did not affect that of 'Faselis' depending on the cropping year. Leaf Mg concentration of grafted plants in infested soil was lower than that of ungrafted ones in noninfested soil. Results showed that, under the same fertilization program, the grafted 'Faselis' plants used the nutrients more efficiently than the 'Pala' ones. Use of S. torvum as a rootstock for 'Faselis' resulted in an effective protection against multiple pathogen infestation. Fertilization may be necessary when grafted 'Faselis' plants are grown in a soil infested with the pathogens, since grafting and infestation generally decrease leaf N, Mg, Ca and Fe concentrations, either by reducing the nutrient concentrations directly or by increasing leaf Mn concentration.Öğe Regeneration and Histological Analysis of Regeneration in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stand.)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2009) Mendi, Yesim Yalcin; Ipek, Muzaffer; Buzkan, Nihal; Kancar, Yildiz Aka; Curuk, SebahattinTwo different types of explant (proximal and flamingo-bill) from Emphasis seedlings, a hybrid cultivar of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Stand.). germinated under dark and light conditions were cultured on 9 regeneration MS media containing various combinations of BA (0, 1.0. and 2.0 mg l(-1)) and IAA (0, 0.25, and 0.5 mg l(-1)). Comparison of the explant types showed that the flamingo-bill type explant had better shoot formation than did the proximal explant. The MS medium containing 1 mg l(-1) of BA was optimal for shoot formation capacity when flamingo-bill type explants germinated in the dark (44%) and light (36%) were used. Histological analysis showed that explant cell division began after 3 days in regeneration medium and formation of primordium was observed in the tissues in culture between days 5 and 7. Differentiation of meristimatic structures was first observed after 9 days and development completed after 9-12 days in the culture.Öğe Regeneration in vitro from the hypocotyl of Cucumis species produces almost exclusively diploid shoots, and does not require light(American Society for Horticultural Science, 2003) Curuk, Sebahattin; Ananthakrishnan, G.; Singer, Sima; Xia, Xiaodi; Elman, Chassia; Nestel, David; Cetiner, SelimHypocotyl explants of three cultivars of melon (Cucumis melo L.) (cvs. Revigal, Topmark and Kirkagac), and a cucumber (C. sativus L. cv. Taoz) rapidly directly regenerated multiple shoots on Murashige and Skoog medium augmented with 4.4 ?M benzyladenine. Regeneration from the hypocotyl resulted in nearly 100% diploid shoots, whereas regeneration from the cotyledons resulted in 40% to 70% polyploid regenerants. Regeneration from cotyledon explants of melon cv. Revigal required light, whereas regeneration from hypocotyl explants of melon cv. Revigal occurred in both light and darkness. Direct regeneration also occurred from the hypocotyl of cucumber cv. Taoz in both light and darkness, even though cotyledonary explants did not regenerate buds or shoots under the same conditions. This is the first report of regeneration from the Cucumis genus producing a fully diploid plant population.Öğe Watermelon transformation with Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene and comparison with parental cultivar(Empresa Brasil Pesq Agropec, 2012) Curuk, Sebahattin; Mese, EbruThe objective of this work was to transfer Zucchini yellow mosaic virus coat protein (ZYMV-CP) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) genes to the watermelon ` Crimson Sweet' (CS) genome, and to compare the transgenic progenies T1 and T2 with the nontransformed parental cultivar for morphological, pomological, growth and yield characteristics. The ZYMV-CP gene was transferred by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The presence of the gene in transgenic T0, T1 and T2 plants was determined by polymerase chain reaction, and the results were confirmed by Southern blot. Two experiments were performed, one in the winter-spring and the other in the summer-autumn. In both experiments, the hypocotyl length of transgenic seedlings was significantly higher than that of nontransgenic parental ones. In the second experiment, the differences between transgenic and nontransgenic individuals were significant concerning fruit rind thickness, flesh firmness, fruit peduncle length, size of pistil scar, and a* values for fruit stripe or flesh color. Transferring ZYMV-CP gene to CS genome affected only a few characteristics from the 80 evaluated ones. The changes in rind thickness, flesh firmness and flesh color a* values are favorable, while the increase in the size of pistil scar is undesirable. The transgenic watermelon line having ZYMV-CP gene and the parental cultivar CS are very similar.
