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Öğe Comparative Evaluation of Transgenic and Non Transgenic Tobacco for the Phytoextraction of Nickel-Contaminated Soils(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2012) Daghan, Hatice; Koleli, NurcanNickel (Ni) accumulation ability and phytoextraction potential of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petit Havana SR-1 and Metallothionein II (MTII) gene transferred transgenic plants (p-S-ScMTII) of the same cultivar were grown in hydroponic culture containing 0, 5 and 10 mg L-1 Ni for 14 days. The effects of increasing Ni concentrations on plant dry matter production, Ni accumulation, chlorophyll and glutathione concentration were investigated. Moderate wilting and wrinkling were observed upon Ni treatments at the early stage of the growth, these symptoms severely increased at the harvest in both plant types. In addition, poor root growth and dark brown colour were observed. Dry matter content of transgenic tobacco was lower than that of the non-transgenic one. With the increasing Ni doses, Ni concentration, chlorophyll level and -SH (glutathione) concentration increased. Results showed that transgenic tobacco (128 mg kg(-1)) accumulated about 1.47-fold more Ni than that of non-transgenic one in shoots (87 mg kg-1) at 10 mg L-1 Ni treatment. Consequently, transfering the MTII gene into the plants to be used for phytoextraction may be regarded as promissing in improving Ni accumulation ability of plants.Öğe Copper Removal by SCMT II Transgenic and Wild Type Tobacco in Hydroponic System - a Comparative Study(Chiminform Data S A, 2012) Daghan, Hatice; Uygur, Veli; Arslan, Mehmet; Koleli, NurcanSaccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein-II (ScMT-II) genes expressed in Nicotiana tabacum and wild tobacco were grown for 14 days in growth chamber as hydroponics containing 0, 5, and 10 Cu mg L-1 to determine their Cu accumulation ability and to study Cu compartmentation in shoots and roots. Wild type (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv. Petite Havana SRI) and transgenic tobacco (p-S-ScMTII) plants wilted severely, showed stunted root growth with structural deformation. Shoot dry weight, Cu, and free sulphydryl (-SH) groups showed significant differences between transgenic and wild type tobacco plants. Copper accumulation in roots was 7.78 and 10.8 g kg(-1) for transgenic and wild type tobacco, respectively. The study revealed that despite high Cu accumulation in roots, its translocation from roots to shoots was inhibited probably due to blockage and dieback in the root collar. It can be concluded that the main cause of failure in MTII gene induced Cu accumulation in shoots was collapse of root collars due to Cu toxicity. Thus it was not possible to judge the real effect of the MT gene.Öğe The Effect of Heavy Metal Treatments on Uptake of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Tobacco Plants(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2013) Daghan, Hatice; Uygur, Veli; Koleli, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Eren, AbdullahHeavy metals affect nutrient uptake of plants by means of either effecting root development and transport systems or interfering with other plant nutrients in soil solution. In this study, the effect of toxic levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni) on the uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were investigated in hydroponic culture. There was no toxicity sign in 5 mg Zn L-1 level but the rest of the heavy metals used caused different extent of toxicity. The first visual signs of toxicity for these heavy metals were chlorosis and the reduction in shoot and root biomass due to inhibition of metabolic functions. As a result, N, P, K uptake significantly changed. As the ratio of percent decreases for N, P, K uptake were considered, the toxicity levels of the heavy metals were, in descending order, Ni > Cu > Zn > Cd. Ni had the element that having most serious inhibition effect on the concentration of all three elements, the order of other heavy metals were determined as Cu > Zn > Cd for P and Cu > Cd > Zn for K.Öğe EFFECTS OF WATER STRESS ON PLANT GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME GRAPE VARIETIES(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Kamiloglu, Onder; Sivritepe, Nuray; Onder, Sermet; Daghan, HaticeThe objective of the present study is to investigate the physiological, morphological and structural changes induced by water deficit on four different table grape cultivars that are commonly cultivated in the Mediterranean region. One-year-old vine (Vitis vinifera L.), cultivars 'Crimson Seedless', 'Superior Seedless', 'Razaki' and 'Horoz Karasi' grafted onto 1103 P rootstock were grown in a greenhouse in a soil/farmyard manure/sand/turf mixture (2:1:1:0.5) in pots; and subjected to water stress for 40 days. A 60% limitation of the available water caused total leaf area and dry weight decrease as well as negative impact on growth in all cultivars. As a result of this application, a distinctive decrease in root growth was observed in the Crimson Seedless, Superior Seedless and Razaki cultivars, in comparison with the control. While there was no significant change in grade of leaf thickness, leaf tissue density, or leaf succulence during water stress application, increases in leaf K, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents, chlorophyll content, and leaf electrolyte leakage were observed. Significant differences were seen among the grape cultivars in terms of adaptation to aridity conditions. Generally, the most sensitive grape cultivar in terms of tolerance to water stress was Superior Seedless, whereas the cultivar that can optimally adapt to conditions of higher aridity was Horoz Karasi.Öğe Phytoremediative Potential of Tobacco under Deficit Irrigation Conditions for Ni-Polluted Soil(Hard, 2014) Daghan, Hatice; Uygur, Veil; Onder, Derya; Onder, SermetThe aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of reclaiming Ni-polluted soils by phytoremediation under deficit irrigation conditions. Tobacco, Nicotiana rustica, was grown for 6 weeks at four different irrigation rates (100, 80, 60, and 40% of irrigation requirement) and four nickel concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg Ni.kg(-1) soil) applied from NiSO4. Nickel toxicity, water stress symptoms, dry shoot biomass, Ni concentration, and Ni uptake were followed. Neither Ni treatment nor water stress-induced Ni toxicity were observed, and there was no treatment-induced difference in chlorophyll content of leaves. With the increasing Ni application, there was a gradual increase in Ni concentration of the shoots from the 40% irrigation through 100% irrigation. As a result, the ability of tobacco to accumulate Ni at high concentration can enable it to be used for phytoremediation of Ni-polluted soils despite the fact that water deficit limits Ni accumulation to some extent.Öğe Response of strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) to salinity stress(Gaurav Soc Agricultural Research Information Centre-Aric, 2013) Can, Ersin; Arslan, Mehmet; Sener, Okan; Daghan, HaticeForage crops tolerant to salinity stress during seed germination and vegetative growth are highly important for plant establishment and maintenance in saline pastures and meadows. The present study was conducted to determine how salinity affects germination, plant growth and development of strawberry clover. Strawberry clovers were grown in pots filled with a mixture of sand and peat moss, and were irrigated with waters of seven different levels of salinity [0.06 (control), 9.36, 18.22, 26.67, 34.07, 42.70 and 50.1 dS/m]. Germination studies indicated that each increase in salinity after 11.0 dS/m caused a reduction in germination, with no seed germination after 42.0 dS/m NaCl. Salinity had considerable effect on plant (hay) fresh and dry weights, chlorophyll content, SPAD reading and electrolyte leakage value. The NaCl treatment proportionally reduced the fresh and dry weights of plant. Membrane damage of cells increased as NaCl concentration increased. Higher salinity concentration decreased photosynthetic pigment content that led to decrease photosynthetic rate and less dry matter production. Our data suggest that strawberry clover possesses moderate to good salinity tolerance during seed germination and vegetative growth has potential to be used on pastures and meadows with moderate salt problems affecting forage crops establishment and maintenance.Öğe Transformation of Tobacco with ScMTII Gene-Enhanced Cadmium and Zinc Accumulation(Wiley, 2013) Daghan, Hatice; Arslan, Mehmet; Uygur, Veli; Koleli, NurcanGenetic transformation is gaining importance for developing plant types suitable to metal accumulate and/or hyperaccumulate. In this study, the transgenic tobacco plant which transferred the ScMTII gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to wild type tobacco cultivar Petite Havana (SR1) was grown on soils with low and high cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in a growth chamber for 6 weeks and compared to wild type tobacco for Cd and Zn accumulation. Cadmium and Zn accumulations in the transgenic and wild type tobacco plants were increased with the increasing Cd and Zn concentrations. Unlike Zn, the transgenic plant accumulated significantly higher amount of Cd compared to the wild type control plants. Shoot Cd concentrations of transgenic tobacco in higher Cd dosages reached the above the hyperaccumulation threshold value of 100mgCdkg1 in the dry weight (DW). Transgenic tobacco accumulated 354, 400, 372, and 457mgCdkg1 DW, for 10, 20, 40, and 80mgCdkg1 soil treatments, respectively. These values are 3.54.5-fold higher than that of Cd hyperaccumulation threshold value. With 10mgkg1 Cd treatment, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of transgenic tobacco plants for Cd reached up to 35 in which the threshold value for BCF should be at least 10. Our results showed that the transgenic tobacco may be used as a good Cd hyperaccumulator plant and for phytoextraction of Cd contaminated soils, but not for Zn.Öğe Transgenic Tobacco-Bearing p-cV-ChMTIIGFP Gene Accumulated More Lead Compared to Wild Type(Hard, 2014) Eren, Abdullah; Daghan, HaticeHeavy metal pollution, including lead (Pb), is a common global pollution problem. Transgenic (p-cV-ChMTIIGFP) and non-transgenic (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petit Havana SR-1) tobacco plants grown for 6 weeks in pot experiments containing 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg Pb kg.soil(-1) were investigated. Lead toxicity symptoms, chlorophyll content, dry weight, and Pb concentration of plants were measured in order to evaluate phytoremediative potential of the plants. Neither plant showed any toxicity symptoms during the growth period. The p-cV-ChMTIIGFP tobacco plant accumulated more Pb (5.6 mg.kg(-1)) than the wild type tobacco (3.6 mg.kg(-1)). Therefore, the transgenic p-cV-ChMTIIGFP tobacco has promising potential for reclaiming slightly lead-contaminated soils.
