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Öğe Comparison of several plant nutrient elements in conventionally and organically grown citrus orchards(Academic Journals, 2009) Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Toplu, Celil; Agca, Nejat; Yildiz, Ercan; Serce, SedatOrganic citrus production has been increasing recently in Turkey. In this study, we compared several nutri-elements concentrations of organically (ORG) and conventionally (CON) grown citrus orchards in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The samples included Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu L.) and Washington navel and Valencia oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), which were grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.). In 1996, 58 citrus orchards were sampled and 48 of them used for analyses. Three years after the first sampling, some orchards switched from CON to ORG production. Sampling was repeated in 2007 and included 31 samples from CON and 30 samples from orchards that switched to ORG after the 1996 samples were taken. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined using the samples from 1996; with the exception of B, no significant differences were observed. Analysis of the samples from 2007 indicated statistically significant differences between the two groups for concentrations of N, K, Mg, B and Mn. The means of both samples were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA); the results indicated that, after several years of ORG culture, the two groups were clearly separated. The variables highly correlated with PC1 were Na, Fe and Ca, while P, K, Mn and Mg were correlated by PC2. B, Fe and Zn correlated by PC3. Several trace elements (Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) from five randomly chosen soil samples from both CON and ORG growing groups were determined, and the results indicated that the mean concentrations for the two groups were similar for most of the elements (Pb, Cu, Fe and Ni). Our results shed light on the optimization of plant nutrient programs in organic citrus production.Öğe Distribution of heavy metals in plant and media samples from a volcanic region in Hatay, Turkey(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2008) Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Ozgen, Senay; Torun, Ayfer Alkan; Erdem, Halil; Gunduz, Kazim; Durgac, Coskun; Serce, SedatThere is a volcanic area in Hatay, Turkey with currently limited agricultural activities; however, its ecological properties make it a plausible choice for protected fruit and vegetable production. The different soil properties of the area might be useful for plant growing in the future. In this study, we determined selected plant nutrients and heavy metal concentrations of eight soil and rock types from the realon. along with those of ten different species of fruits and vegetables representing the region's flora and agricultural activities. We found significant differences in all the micronutrients and heavy metal concentrations among the media samples. Overall, the highest concentrations were recovered from growing media. For example, one medium had the highest concentrations of Cu, Cd and Zn. Similarly, the plant samples had significant differences in micronutrients and heavy metal concentrations. Almond leaf samples were in the highest mean groups for Mg, Na, Fe, Al and Cr, while cucumber had the highest values for Zn and Ni. The highest Pb levels were recovered from uncultivated olive. Comparisons of our results to those of others in the related literature indicated that only two of our results were above the accepted levels: the almond Fe and holy oak B concentrations. In conclusion, our samples from the volcanic area in Hatay were not dangerously contaminated with heavy metals, and utilization of this area for agricultural purposes poses no apparent threat.Öğe Dörtyol ve Samandağ (Hatay)'da yetiştirilen valencia late portakalarının soğukta muhafazası sırasında kalite değişimleri(2009) Özdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Ertürk Çandır, Elif; Kaplakıran, Mustafa; Toplu, Celil; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Yıldız, ErcanBu çalışmanın amacı, Dörtyol ve Samandağ yörelerinde yetiştirilen Valencia Late portakallarının soğukta muhafazası sırasında meyve kalitesinde görülen değişimlerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada, 7 x 7 m aralıklarla tesis edilmiş Yerli turunç anacı üzerine aşılı Valencia Late portakalı meyveleri kullanılmıştır. Valencia Late portakalları 4 ve 6oC’lerde ve %85-90 oransal nemde ayda bir analizlenmek üzere 6 ay süreyle muhafaza edilmişlerdir. Muhafaza sırasında meyvelerde meydana gelen fiziksel ve kimyasal değişimler (ağırlık kayıpları, usare, yeşil kapsüllü meyve oranı, suda çözünebilir toplam kuru madde, pH, titre edilebilir asit, meyve kabuk rengi L* ve hue değeri) ile mantarsal ve fizyolojik bozulmalar incelenmiştir. Dörtyol koşullarında yetiştirilen Valencia Late portakallarının 4oC sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde 4 ay, 6°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde ise 3 ay depolanabileceği saptanmıştır. Samandağ koşullarında yetiştirilenlerin ise 4oC ve 6°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde 3 ay kalitelerinden çok fazla bir şey kaybetmeden depolanabileceği saptanmıştır.Öğe Dörtyol ve Samandağ yörelerinde yetiştirilen washington navel portakallarının kalitesine soğukta muhafazanın etkisi(2008) Özdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Ertürk Çandır, Elif; Kaplankıran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Toplu, Celil; Yıldız, ErcanBu çalısmanın amacı, Dörtyol ve Samandağ yörelerinde yetistirilen Washington Navel portakallarının sogukta muhafazası sırasında meyve kalitesinde görülen degisimlerin belirlenmesidir. Arastırmada, 7 x 7 m aralıklarla tesis edilmis Yerli Turunç anacı üzerine asılı Washington Navel portakalı meyveleri kullanılmıstır. Washington Navel portakalları 4 ve 6°C’lerde ve %85-90 oransal nemde ayda bir analizlenmek üzere 6 ay süreyle muhafaza edilmislerdir. Muhafaza sırasında meyvelerde meydana gelen fiziksel ve kimyasal degisimler (agırlık kayıpları, usare, yesil kapsüllü meyve, suda çözünebilir toplam kuru madde, pH, titre edilebilir asit, meyve kabuk rengi L* ve hº degeri) ile mantarsal ve fizyolojik bozulmalar incelenmistir. Dörtyol kosullarında yetistirilen Washington Navel portakallarının 4°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde 4-5 ay, 6°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde ise en fazla 4 ay depolanabilecegi saptanmıstır. Samandag kosullarında yetistirilen Washington Navel portakallarının 4°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde en fazla 4 ay ve 6°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde 3 ay kalitelerinden çok fazla bir sey kaybetmeden depolanabilecegi saptanmıstır.Öğe The effects of physical and chemical changes on the optimum harvest maturity in some avocado cultivars(Academic Journals, 2009) Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Candir, Elif Ertuerk; Toplu, Celil; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Yildiz, ErcanThe aim of this study was to determine physical and chemical changes during fruit development and their relationship with optimum harvest maturity for Bacon, Fuerte and Zutano avocado cultivars grown under Dortyol ecological condition. Fruits cv. Bacon, Fuerte and Zutano were obtained trees grafted on seedlings and planted 5 m x 6 m in Dortyol Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University. Fruit width and length, weight, skin and flesh color (L* and hue), total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA, fruit flesh firmness, juice pH, dry weight and oil content were measured on fruits samples collected from tagged trees from June drop to ripening at a 15 days interval during fruit development. Data indicated that oil and dry matter content, flesh firmness and fruit weight were important criteria in determining optimum harvest maturity. Based on the all criteria, the period from the end of November to middle of December was the optimum harvest time for these cultivars in order to deliver fruit at optimum commercial maturity and quality and to obtain adequate storage time.Öğe Farklı sıcaklıklarda muhafaza edilen ruby red altıntoplarında kalite parametrelerinin değişimi(2008) Özdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Ertürk Çandır, Elif; Kaplankıran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Toplu, Celil; Yıldız, ErcanBu çalışmanın amacı, Ruby Red altıntoplarının farklı sıcaklıklarda soğukta muhafazası sırasında meyve kalitesinde görülen değişimlerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada, 7 x 7 m aralıklarla Dörtyol’da tesis edilmiş Yerli Turunç anacı üzerine aşılı Ruby Red altıntop meyveleri kullanılmıştır. Meyveler 6 ve 8°C’lerde ve %85-90 oransal nemde ayda bir analizlenmek üzere 6 ay süreyle muhafaza edilmişlerdir. Muhafaza sırasında meyvelerde meydana gelen fiziksel ve kimyasal değişimler (ağırlık kayıpları, usare, yeşil kapsüllü meyve miktarı, suda çözünebilir toplam kuru madde, pH, titre edilebilir asit içeriği ile meyve kabuk rengi L* ve hº değeri) ile mantarsal ve fizyolojik bozulmalar incelenmiştir. Ruby Red altıntoplarının 6°C’de depolaması 8ºC’den daha başarılı olmuştur. Dörtyol koşullarında yetiştirilen Ruby Red altıntoplarının 6°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde 4 aydan fazla, 8°C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde ise en fazla 4 ay depolanabileceği saptanmıştır.Öğe Fremont ve Nova mandarin çeşitlerinin meyve gelişim sürecindeki kalite parametrelerindeki değişimler ve derim olumu(2015) Özdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Kaplankıran, Mustafa; Çandır, Elif; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Toplu, Celil; Yıldız, ErcanBu çalışmanın amacı, Dörtyol koşullarında yetiştirilen Fremont ve Nova mandarin çeşitlerinin meyve kalitesinde görülen değişimlerin ve derim zamanının belirlenmesidir. Bu araştırmada yerli turunç anacı üzerine aşılı Fremont ve Nova mandarin çeşitlerinin meyveleri kullanılmıştır. Meyve gelişim sürecinde seçilen ağaçlardan Haziran dökümünden olgunlaşıncaya kadar meyve örnekleri alınmaya başlamış ve alınan meyvelerde her seferinde meyve eni (mm) ve boyu (mm), meyve ağırlığı (g), meyve kabuk rengi L* ve hº değeri, usare miktarı (%), suda çözünebilir toplam kuru madde miktarı (SÇKM, %), titre edilebilir asit içeriği (TEA, %), SÇKM/TEA oranı ve meyve suyu pH değeri ölçülmüştür. Bulgularımıza göre, Dörtyol koşullarında yetiştirilen Fremont ve Nova mandarin çeşitleri için Kasım ayının son haftası ile Aralık ayının ilk haftası (çiçeklenmeden itibaren 200-215. günler) SÇKM/TEA oranı 8’in üzerinde ve renklenme (hº değeri 80-90 arasında) yeterli seviyede olup, en uygun derim olum zamanı olarak saptanmıştır.Öğe Growth, yield, and fruit quality of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' sweet oranges grown on three rootstocks in eastern Mediterranean(Inst Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 2013) Yildiz, Ercan; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Kaplankiran, MustafaThe plant growth, yield, yield efficiency, and fruit quality of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) on three rootstocks were evaluated under Eastern Mediterranean climatic conditions of Dortyol-Hatay, which is one of the oldest and largest citrus and mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) production regions in Turkey. The fruit yield was affected by rootstock in both scion cultivars from 2007 through 2010. Trees on 'Troyer' citrange had lower yield than those budded on the other rootstocks. The yield of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' orange trees on 'Carrizo' citrange were about 9% and 19% more than those on 'Troyer' citrange, respectively. But trees on 'Troyer' citrange had significant higher yield efficiency than trees on sour orange and 'Carrizo' citrange, because of canopy volume of 'Troyer' citrange was lower than the other rootstocks. The heaviest fruits of 'Valencia Late' orange trees were harvested from 'Carrizo' citrange (214.69 g), while 'Rhode Red Valencia' orange trees did not show differences regarding the rootstock. The rootstocks had no significant effects on juice content of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' oranges. The effects of the rootstocks in both scion cultivars on juice content, total acids (TA), Brix: TA ratio, and number of seeds per fruit were found to be insignificant.Öğe Hatay-Dörtyol koşullarında yetiştirilen Fuerte ve Zutano avokado çeşitlerinin soğukta muhafaza performans(2010) Özdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Ertürk Çandır, Elif; Toplu, Celil; Kaplankıran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Yıldız, ErcanBu çalışmanın amacı, Dörtyol koşullarında yetiştirilen Fuerte ve Zutano avokado çeşitleri meyvelerinin soğuk hava depolarında muhafaza süresi ve meyve kalitesinde görülen değişimlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu araştırmada 5x6 m aralık ve mesafelerle dikilmiş, çöğür anacı üzerine aşılı Fuerte ve Zutano avokado çeşitleri kullanılmış ve meyveler Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesinin Dörtyol Araştırma ve Uygulama Bahçesinden sağlanmıştır. Derimi yapılan meyveler, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümüne ait soğuk hava depolarında 6 °C’de ve %85- 90 oransal nemde, ayda bir analizlenmek üzere 3 ay depolanmıştır. Depolama süresince ağırlık kayıpları, fizyolojik ve mantarsal bozulmalar, meyve eti sertliği (MES), suda çözünebilir toplam kuru madde (SÇKM), pH, titre edilebilir asitlik (TEA) ile meyve kabuk rengi L* ve hue (hº) değerleri saptanmıştır. İncelediğimiz kalite kriterlerine göre ağırlık kayıpları ve mantarsal bozulma oranları artarken, MES, SÇKM, TA, pH, L* ve hº değerleri azalmıştır. Fuerte ve Zutano avokado meyvelerinin 6 °C’de ve %85-90 oransal nemde kalite kriterlerinden çok fazla bir şey kaybetmeden en fazla 2 ay depolanabileceği saptanmıştır.Öğe Hatay-Dörtyol yöresinde yetiştirilen star ruby altıntoplarının soğukta muhafazası sırasında kalite parametrelerinin değişimi(2008) Özdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Ertürk Çandır, Elif; Kaplankıran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Toplu, Celil; Yıldız, ErcanBu çalışmanın amacı, Star Ruby altıntoplarının soğukta muhafazası sırasında meyve kalitesinde görülen değişimlerin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada, 7x7 m aralıklarla tesis edilmiş Yerli Turunç anacı üzerine aşılı Star Ruby altıntop meyveleri kullanılmıştır. Star Ruby altıntopları 6 ve 8 °C’lerde ve %85-90 oransal nemde ayda bir analiz etmek üzere 6 ay süreyle muhafaza edilmişlerdir. Muhafaza sırasında meyvelerde meydana gelen fiziksel ve kimyasal değişimler (ağırlık kayıpları, usare, yeşil kapsüllü meyve oranı, suda çözünebilir toplam kuru madde, pH, titre edilebilir asit içerikleri ile meyve kabuk rengi L* ve hue değeri) ile mantarsal ve fizyolojik bozulmalar incelenmiştir. Star Ruby altıntoplarının 6 °C’de depolanmasının 8 °C’de depolamadan daha başarılı olduğu bulunmuştur. Dörtyol koşullarında yetiştirilen Star Ruby altıntoplarının 6 °C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde 4 aydan fazla, 8 °C sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde ise en fazla 4 ay depolanabileceği saptanmıştır.Öğe Identification of Zygotic and Nucellar Individuals Produced from Several Citrus Crosses Using SSRs Markers(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2013) Yildiz, Ercan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Uzun, Aydin; Toplu, CelilTurkey is an important citrus-producing country. However, new cultivars are needed to sustain citrus production and ensure its competitiveness against other crops. There are currently several citrus breeding programs that aim to help overcome the lack of local commercial varieties and to contribute CO Turkey's competitive capacity in the citrus market. In this study, we report the utilization of molecular markers in one such breeding program. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to eliminate nucellar individuals from a hybrid population produced by crossing. The crosses included 'Fremont' and 'Robinson' mandarins as the female parents and 'Midknight Valencia', 'Rhode Red Valencia', and 'Valencia Late' oranges and 'Rio Red' grapefruit cultivars as the male parents. Seedlings with the same banding patterns as the female parent were identified as nucellar seedlings by 11 SSR primers. Primers AG 14 and TAA03 were found to be more effective at identifying zygotic individuals than other primers. 'Fremont' and 'Robinson' mandarins produced 36.91% and 31.09% of nucellar seedlings, respectively. As a pollen parent, 'Rio Red' grapefruit had a higher ratio of zygotic seedlings compared to 'Midknight Valencia', and can be recommended in breeding programs. Comparative analysis of different citrus fruits in the breeding programs allowed us to design an efficient hybridization scheme for this study.Öğe Seasonal carbohydrate changes in the leaves of some satsuma cultivars on different rootstocks(2017) Yıldız, Ercan; Kaplankıran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Toplu, CelilThe seasonal changes of carbohydrate content were monitored in the leaves of ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’, and ‘Silverhill’ satsuma cultivars budded on the sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. var. Yerli), Carrizo and Troyer citranges (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. x Citrus sinensis Osb. var. Troyer and Carrizo) during the 2010 and 2011 seasons. The seasonal changing trends of leaf soluble sugar contents of 3 satsuma cultivars budded on different rootstocks were similar. The sucrose was the most abundant soluble sugar. Carbohydrate contents had a maximum level at dormant period, and remained at low level during summer. In this period, the sharp decrease in leaf total carbohydrate concentration of ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’ occurred in April with a rate of 27.9%, 22.6% and 21.0%, respectively. Accumulation of carbohydrate in leaves generally started after mid summer and continued until the end of year. The rootstocks were found to be not significant for total soluble sugar, starch and total carbohydrate concentration in most of the months. The cultivars had a significant effect on carbohydrate fractions of leaves compared to rootstocks. The scion-rootstock combination was significant on total carbohydrate concentration of leaves in all months investigated.Öğe Seasonal Patterns of Carbohydrates in Mandarin cvs. 'Fremont', 'Nova' and 'Robinson' on Different Rootstocks(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2013) Yildiz, Ercan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Toplu, CelilThe study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, Dortyol, Turkey during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 'Troyer' and `Carrizo' citranges (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. x Citrus sinensis Osb. var. 'Troyer' and 'Carrizo'), and common sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. var. common), rootstocks on the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in the leaves of cvs. 'Fremont', 'Nova', and 'Robinson' mandarin. The seasonal variation of carbohydrate content of the three cultivars budded on different rootstocks was nearly same. Soluble carbohydrate concentration showed a continuous decrease from January to mid or late-summer, and then slowly began to increase after early autumn till winter. The sucrose was the dominant soluble carbohydrate in leaves. The seasonal evolution of starch content in leaves increased initially during January to March, and then decreased in April. The starch concentration showed a continuous decrease slowly until the mid-autumn, and then accumulation began during late-autumn and winter. The total carbohydrate content differences among the rootstocks were significant, but the content was changed among the cultivars and according to the season. The change in the total carbohydrate content of leaf tissues showed a strong similarity in cultivars budded on different rootstocks throughout the year. The total carbohydrate content reached their lowest levels in July for cv. 'Robinson', in August for cv. 'Fremont' and cv. 'Nova'. The total carbohydrate content in leaves increased from the mid- or late-summer to winter. It is suggested that the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in plant tissues can be considered during fertilization program in mandarin trees.Öğe Storage life of non-astringent persimmons grown in the eastern Mediterranean(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Candir, Elif; Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Toplu, Celil; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Yildiz, ErcanThe storage life of the non-astringent persimmon cultivars 'Fuyu', 'Jiro', 'Amankaki' and 'Hana Fuyu' grown in the eastern Mediterranean region has been studied. Persimmon fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at 0 degrees C and 85-90% relative humidity. Neither chilling injury nor fungal decay were observed in 'Fuyu', 'Jiro' and 'Amankaki' over 150 days or in 'Hana Fuyu' over 120 days. Weight loss exceeded 10% in 'Fuyu' and 'Amankaki' fruit after 150 days and in 'Jiro' after 120 days. During storage, fruit softened and skin colour became darker (lower L* values) and deep orange-red (lower hue angle values) in all cultivars. Total soluble solids (TSS) content and titratable acidity did not change significantly. Results confirm that 'Fuyu' and 'Jiro' can be stored under these conditions for up to 150 days and 'Amankaki' and 'Hana Fuyu' for up to 120 days.
