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Öğe Antibiotic Susceptibility and Molecular Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes of Staphylococci Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Algeria(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2015) Saidi, Radhwane; Cantekin, Zafer; Khelef, Djamel; Ergun, Yasar; Solmaz, Hasan; Kaidi, RachidThe study aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic identification of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 21 Staphylococci (10 Staphylococcus aureus and 11 Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) isolated from bovine mastitis to 12 antimicrobial drugs frequently using in veterinary medicine in Algeria. Isolates of staphylococci from bovine mastitis were tested for antibiotics with disc-diffusion method according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines in the Mueller-Hinton agar, and resistant genes mecA, blaZ, aac-aph, ermA, ermC, tetK and tetM were detected by PCR. Staphylococci isolates showed high resistance to penicillin (95.23%), oxacillin (80.95%), clindamycine (80.95%), and erythromycin (76.19%) but, no resistance in all these strains was detected for gentamicin. Among 21 isolates of Staphylococci, 20 were found to be methicillin and multidrug resistant. Multidrug resistant strains exhibited several antibiogram patterns (antibiotic I to XIII). The distribution of antibiotic-resistant genes was mecA (100%) and tetM (100) followed by blaZ (42.85%). In the present study, the significant determination was the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci, which were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The finding of methicillin-resistant staphylococci from bovine mastitis is the first report in Algeria and revealed the status of resistant isolates in herd that might be helpful in treatment, controlling of resistant strains and for deciding culling of cows.Öğe Antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm forming ability of staphylococci from subclinical buffalo mastitis(Cambridge Univ Press, 2023) Urer, Ece Koldas; Aslantas, Ozkan; Tek, Erhan; Yilmaz, Mehmet Ali; Ergun, YasarThe starting objective of this research communication was to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in buffalo in Turkey. We also seeked to isolate and identify staphylococci, determine their antimicrobial susceptibilities and biofilm-forming abilities as well as investigating the presence of biofilm-related genes and microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules. A total of 107 (66.9%) staphylococci (28 S. aureus and 79 coagulase-negative staphylococci, CoNS) were isolated from 160 mastitic milk samples collected from 200 lactating water buffalos. The staphylococci were especially resistant to beta-lactams except for cefoxitin but were less resistant to the other antimicrobials that were tested. Based on the Congo red agar method, 92.9% of the S. aureus and 70.9% of the CoNS isolates were positive for biofilm-forming ability, while all S. aureus and 97.5% of CoNS isolates were positive by a microtiter plate analysis. The presence of icaA and icaD genes was not always correlated with biofilm synthesis, and even in the absence of these genes, the isolates were able to synthesize biofilm.Öğe Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in Algerian dromedary camels (Camelus dromaderius)(Springer, 2018) Saidi, Radhwane; Bessas, Amina; Bitam, Idir; Ergun, Yasar; Ataseven, Veysel SoydalThis study was performed to investigate the presence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in dromedary camels (Camelus dromaderius) kept in mixed herds with sheep and goats in Algeria, since the prevalence of BHV-1, BVDV, and BLV infections among dromedary camels in Algeria is unknown. Totally, 111 camel sera were collected from two provinces (Laghouat and Ghardaia) in Algeria. The sera were analyzed for BHV-1 specific antibodies, BVDV specific antibodies and BVDV antigen using the ELISA, and BLV nucleic acid using PCR. The seropositivity rate was 9.0% for BVDV-specific antibody, although 41.4% of camels tested were positive for BVDV antigen. Moreover, there was no evidence of BHV-1 and BLV infections. The results indicated that camels might represent an important source for BVDV infection in all ruminants, including cattle, sheep, and goats bred in mixed herds in Algeria, since they had a higher BVDV prevalence rates. Therefore, the prevention and control measures for BVDV infection should put in place in camel populations to limit the spread of BVDV infection to ruminant populations in Algeria.Öğe Coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Aslantas, Ozkan; Demir, Cemil; Turutoglu, Huelya; Cantekin, Zafer; Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, GokhanThis study was conducted to investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitic milk samples from 3 different Turkish cities (Hatay, Gaziantep, and Burdur). Amplification of the coagulase gene from 80 S. aureus isolates produced 5 different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products; 79 isolates showed only 1 amplicon, and 1 isolate showed 2 amplicons. The isolates were grouped into 9 genotypes by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the gene; the 2 most common genotypes accounted for 73.8% of the isolates. The results indicated that many coagulase gene genotypes are present in the studied regions and only 1 or 2 genotypes predominated.Öğe The Comparison of the Pregnancy Rates Obtained after the Ovsynch and Double Dose PGF2? + GnRH Applications in Lactating Dairy Cows(Medwell Online, 2010) Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Karaca, Fikret; Ergun, YasarThis study was carried out to compare the pregnancy rates in timed artificial inseminations after Ovsynch and PGF(2 alpha) + GnRH applications on lactating dairy cows. The research was conducted in a commercial dairy farm on 84 lactating Holstein cows which the ages were ranging between 3-5 years old and between 80-120 days postpartum. The cows were randomly assigned to two groups as Ovsynch (n = 42) and Prosta Glandin (PG) (n = 42). The cows in Ovsynch group recieved 10.5 mu g(-1) GnRH at day 0, 500 mu g(-1) PGF(2 alpha) at day 7 and 10.5 mu g(-1) GnRH at day 9 intramuscularly. The cows in PG group recieved 500 mu g(-1) PGF(2 alpha) two times with an interval of 14 days and 10.5 mu g(-1) GnRH intramuscularly 48 h after the second PGF(2 alpha) injection. Artificial inseminations were applied to the cows in. both of the groups between 16-20 h after the GnRH injections. The pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 days after the artificial inseminations by ultrasonography. The pregnancy rates were determined as 35.7% (15/42) in Ovsynch group and 47.6% (20/42) in PG group. Although, the pregnancy rate were higher in PG group than the Ovsynch group the differrence was not statistically important (p>0.05). It was concluded that the programme consisted of 14 days interval double dose PGF(2 alpha) injections, GnRH applications 48 h following the second PGF(2 alpha) injection and timed artificial insemination 16-20 h after the GnRH injection could be an alternative to the Ovsynch programme in timed artificial inseminations.Öğe The influence of Theranekron® on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in rat ovaries, intact and with ischemia-reperfusion injury(Univ Zagreb Vet Faculty, 2021) Kozlu, Tolunay; Guler, Fatma; Akalin, Pinar Peker; Kazak, Filiz; Ergun, Yasar; Aslan, ErdoganThe effect of Theranekron (R) on rat ovaries was evaluated in healthy and ischemia-reperfusion injury models. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1: control, group 2: Theranekron (R) (single dose of 0.3 mg/kg intraperitoneally), group 3: torsion + detorsion, and group 4: torsion + detorsion + Theranekron (R) (single dose 0,3 mg/kg. intraperitoneally). The ovaries were homogenized by sonication before the analysis and supernatant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced glutathione and total protein levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically. Ovary tissues were histologically examined. In group 2, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly reduced (P<0.01) compared to the control group and an increased number of atretic follicles, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic regions were seen histologically: in group 3. although glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was not changed, intense hyperaemia and hemorrhage was observed in the veins of the medulla region and in the cortex. Group 4 showed a decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity compared to the control group (P<0.01). Histologically, when compared to group 3, group 4 showed fewer atretic follicles and decreased hyperaemia and hemorrhage in the ovaries, excluding the medulla region. There were no significant differences regarding reduced glutathione and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate levels between the groups. The Theranekron (R) dose applied had some negative effects, such as reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. an increased number of atretic follicles, and hyperemia in the corpus luteum and medulla region in intact rat ovaries. Although it reduced glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, Theranekron (R) may have had slight remedial effects on rat ovaries with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Öğe Investigation into toxin and slime genes in staphylococci isolated from goat milk and goat cheese in southern Turkey(Chulalongkorn Univ, 2018) Onen, Sevda Pehlivanlar; Cantekin, Zafer; Mebkhout, Faiza; Aygun, Osman; Ergun, YasarThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from goat milk and cheese, as well as their toxin genes and slime genes. S. aureus and CNS isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses to determine the prevalence of enterotoxin (sea, seb, sec, sed, see), toxic shock syndrome (TSS) toxin (tst), exfoliative toxin (eta and etb) and slime genes (icaA and icaD). sec, sed and tst genes together were detected in 4 (33.3%), sec + tst genes in 2 (16.7%) and tst gene in 1 (8.3%) of the 12 S. aureus isolates. However, see gene was detected in 6 (9.7%), sed gene and tst gene were detected in 1 (1.6%) and 7 (11.3%) of the 62 CNS isolates, respectively. No sea, seb, see, eta or etb genes were detected in the S. aureus isolates, whereas no sea, seb, sec, eta or etb genes were detected in the CNS isolates. At least one ica gene was present in all S. aureus isolates and in 36 of the 62 CNS isolates. The presence of icaA and icaD genes in the S. aureus isolates was clearly higher than those in the CNS isolates. In conclusion, toxin and slime genes were detected in the S. aureus and CNS isolates from goat milk and goat cheese. The potential risk of enterotoxigenic CNS should not be ignored as well as S. aureus in food safety and public health.Öğe Is Sea Turtles Emergence Only for Preparing Nest or Only for Clutching?(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Ergun, Yasar; ulku, Alev; Yalcin-Ozdilek, Sukran[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Oestrus Synchronization by Short and Long-Term Intravaginal Sponge Treatment in Lactating Goats During the Breeding Season: The Effects of GnRH Administrations Immediately after Matings on Fertility(Medwell Online, 2011) Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Karaca, Fikret; Dogruer, Gokhan; Ergun, Yasar; Yavas, Ilker; Ates, Cafer TayyarThe present study was aimed at oestrus synchronization by applying progestagen-impregnated intravaginal sponges for either 7 or 12 days to lactating goats during the breeding season and at the determination of the effects of post-mating GnRH injection on fertility. The study was conducted in 80 hair goats aged between 2-5 years. The goats were allocated to two equal groups, one of which was applied short-term intravaginal sponge treatment and the other long-term treatment. The duration of intravaginal sponge treatment was 7 days in the short-term group (ST, n = 40) and 12 days in. the long-term group (LT, n = 40). Furthermore, on the day of intravaginal sponge removal, the goats received intramuscular injections of 400 IU of PMSG and 0.075 mg of cloprostenol. In both groups, 12 h after the removal of the vaginal sponges, 10 fertile bucks were introduced into the flock for oestrus detection twice a day and goats which were determined to be in oestrus were hand-mated to the assigned bucks. Immediately after mating, the goats included in each of the ST and LT groups were randomly assigned to two subgroups, referred to as ST1 (n = 18), ST2 (n = 18), LT1 (n = 18) and LT2 (n = 18). The subgroups ST1 and LT1 were maintained as controls whilst the subgroups ST2 and LT2 were administered with 5 meg of bucerelin acetate immediately after mating. In the present study, the times of oestrus onset and oestrus rates in the ST and LT groups were determined as 33.3 +/- 1.4 and 35.0 +/- 1.4 h and 94.7 and 97.2%, respectively. The differences observed between the two groups for the time of oestrus onset and oestrus rate were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In the subgroups ST1, ST2, LT1 and LT2, pregnancy rates were determined as 55.5, 50, 50 and 55.5%, respectively whilst the parturition rate of all four subgroups was 100%. Furthermore, litter sizes were detected as 150, 200, 188 and 170% in the subgroups ST1, 5T2, LT1 and LT2, respectively. The differences observed between the subgroups for pregnancy rate, parturition rate and litter size were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was demonstrated in the present study that GnRH administrations immediately after mating to lactating goats in which oestrus synchronization was performed by means of short and long-term intravaginal sponge treatment during the breeding season did not improve pregnancy rate, parturition rate and litter size.Öğe Oestrus synchronization by short and long-term intravaginal sponge treatment in lactating goats during the breeding season: The effects of GnRH administrations immediately after matings on fertility(2011) Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Karaca, Fikret; Dogruer, Gokhan; Ergun, Yasar; Yavas, Zilker; Ates, Cafer TayyarThe present study was aimed at oestrus synchronization by applying progestagen-impregnated intravaginal sponges for either 7 or 12 days to lactating goats during the breeding season and at the determination of the effects of post-mating GnRH injection on fertility. The study was conducted in 80 hair goats aged between 2-5 years. The goats were allocated to two equal groups, one of which was applied short-term intravaginal sponge treatment and the other long-term treatment. The duration of intravaginal sponge treatment was 7 days in the short-term group (ST, n = 40) and 12 days in the long-term group (LT, n = 40). Furthermore, on the day of intravaginal sponge removal, the goats received intramuscular injections of 400IU of PMSG and 0.075 mg of cloprostenol. In both groups, 12 h after the removal of the vaginal sponges, 10 fertile bucks were introduced into the flock for oestrus detection twice a day and goats which were determined to be in oestrus were hand-mated to the assigned bucks. Immediately after mating, the goats included in each of the ST and LT groups were randomly assigned to two subgroups, referred to as ST1 (n = 18), ST2 (n = 18), LT1 (n= 18) andLT2 (n = 18). The subgroups ST1 andLTl were maintained as controls whilst the subgroups ST2 and LT2 were administered with 5 meg of bucerelin acetate immediately after mating. In the present study, the times of oestrus onset and oestrus rates in the ST and LT groups were determined as 33.3±1.4 and 35.0±1.4 h and 94.7 and 97.2%, respectively. The differences observed between the two groups for the time of oestrus onset and oestrus rate were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In the subgroups ST1, ST2, LT1 and LT2, pregnancy rates were determined as 55.5, 50, 50 and 55.5%, respectively whilst the parturition rate of all four subgroups was 100%. Furthermore, litter sizes were detected as 150, 200, 188 and 170% in the subgroups ST1, ST2, LT1 and LT2, respectively. The differences observed between the subgroups for pregnancy rate, parturition rate and litter size were statistically insignificant (p>0.05). In conclusion, it was demonstrated in the present study that GnRH administrations immediately after mating to lactating goats in which oestrus synchronization was performed by means of short and long-term intravaginal sponge treatment during the breeding season did not improve pregnancy rate, parturition rate and litter size. © Medwell Journals, 2011.Öğe PCR ASSAY WITH HOST SPECIFIC INTERNAL CONTROL FOR STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM BOVINE MILK SAMPLES(Univ Sv Kiril & Metodij Skopje, Fak Veterinarna Medicina, 2015) Cantekin, Zafer; Ergun, Yasar; Solmaz, Hasan; Ozmen, Gamze Ozge; Demir, Melek; Saidi, RadhwaneStaphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the most important and common pathogens of bovine mastitis. Polymerase Chain Reaction is frequently proposed in the diagnosis of S. aureus directly from milk samples instead of classical culture. However, false-negative results may occur in the polymerase chain reaction analysis performed directly from clinical material. For the purpose of disclosing the false negative results, the use of internal amplification controls can be beneficial. Therefore, in this study a new polymerase chain reaction technique with host specific internal amplification control was developed by optimizing S. aureus-specific primers in combination with bovine specific primers. The effectiveness of the developed technique in this study was attempted in milk samples from bovine subclinical mastitis. This technique has the potential to detect S. aureus from bovine milk samples or dairy products.Öğe Pregnancy Detection in a Gazella gazella (Mountain Gazella) by Using Ultrasonography(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa KemalAn injured adult, female, about 6-12 months old Gazella gazella was brought to Clinics of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay Turkey by National Park Directorate of Hatay Region. In reproductive ultrasonographic examination of the routin general examination of the animal a pregnancy was detected. In the transabdominal ultrasonographic examination from the inguinal area, 2.5-5 MHz convex and 5-7.5 MHz microconvex probs were used. During the examination embrional heart beats and amniotic vesicle were detected. Extremities, vertebrae and costae were not detected. This case is the first record in pregnancy detection in Gazella gazella by using ultrasonographic examination in Turkey. It is concluded, that pregnancy can be detected in Gazella gazella and also in the other wild ruminant species by using ultrasonography.Öğe The protective effect of erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat ovary(Elsevier Science Bv, 2010) Ergun, Yasar; Koc, Ahmet; Dolapcioglu, Kenan; Akaydin, Yesim; Dogruer, Gokhan; Kontas, Tunay; Kozlu, TolunayObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide in the recovery from ischemia-reperfusion injury in an experimental rat adnexal torsion model. Study design: Thirty-six Wistar-albino rats were divided into six groups. Except for the sham operation group, all groups were subjected to left unilateral adnexal torsion for 3 h. Erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide were intraperitoneally administered 30 min before the detorsion operation. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were detected from both the plasma and the tissue samples. The sections of the tissues were evaluated histologically. The results were analyzed by a one-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) followed by the Duncan test for multiple comparisons using computer software, SPSS Version 15.0 for Windows. Results: This study demonstrated that dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin pretreatment attenuated ischemia-reperfusion-induced lipid peroxidation, prevented post-ischemic ovarian injury and helped to maintain the ovarian morphology. Malondialdehyde levels of plasma and ovary were higher in the torsion and detorsion groups than the sham group. This showed that ischemia-reperfusion had caused lipid peroxidation of the ovarian tissue, thus leading to oxidative damage. One of the major findings of this study is that malondialdehyde was significantly decreased in the plasma of rats who were pre-treated with dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin before detorsion. This suggests that dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin might prevent oxidative damage in ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury. Histological examination confirmed that reperfusion caused more detrimental effects than only ischemia, which could be at least partially prevented by dimethylsulfoxide and erythropoietin administration prior to detorsion. Conclusion: Erythropoietin and dimethylsulfoxide may have beneficial effects in ischemia-reperfusion injury in ovarian torsion. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Reproductive ultrasonography in Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta Sea Turtles which Nesting in East Mediterranean Coasts(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Ulku, Alev; Ergun, YasarThis study was carried out to determine the ultrasonographic imagine techniques of the reproductive tracts and egg development of the sea turtles (Chelonia mydas and Caretta caretta) which are nesting in East Mediterranean coasts of Turkey. Research material consisted of 8 female C. mydas and 3 female C. caretta sea turtles. The study was carried out from february to july. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed in marine and coastal environment with a B mode real time ultrasonography and 5.0-7.5 MHz micro-convex probe. Probe was placed in left and right inguinal apertures parallel to plastron in different angels for screening the reproductive organs and egg development. Vesica urinaria, ovaries, oviducts (when filled with eggs) developing follicles in different stages and eggs with or without shell (before laying) were screened. Detailed examinations were performed in reproductive organs, developing follicles and eggs. Diameter of the egg's, egg's albumin and vitellus were measured. Fertilized eggs, in prenesting sea turtles were also screened. In C. mydas sea turtles at the beginning of the nesting season; egg diameter, vitellus diameter and albumin width in shelled eggs measures were determined as 3.72 +/- 0.2, 2.55 +/- 0.128 and 0.62 +/- 0.098 cm respectively. The same measures in the mid-nesting season were 3.96 +/- 0.166, 2.64 +/- 0.155 and 0.678 +/- 0.079 cm respectively. Vitellus diameters in eggs without shell at the beginning of the nesting season, mid-nesting season and at the end of nesting season were 2.26, 2.1 and 2.93 +/- 0.07 cm respectively. Germinal disc width at the beginning of the nesting season, mid-nesting season and at the end of nesting season were 0.69, 0.77 +/- 0.1 and 0.85 +/- 0.26 cm respectively. Vertical diameters of the ovary in mid-nesting season and at the end of the nesting season were 5.8 and 5.35 +/- 0.63 cm respectively. Diameters of the oviduct in mid-nesting season and at the end of nesting season were 6.8 and 5.25 +/- 0.49 cm respectively. It was concluded that, ultrasonographic examinations with a 5.0-7.5 MHz microconvex probe was an easy imaging technique in the screening of reproductive organs, follicle development and eggs in the sea turtles without using sedative or anesthetic medications without giving any extra stress in marine and coastal environment.Öğe Selected biochemical and oxidative stress parameters and ceruloplasmin as acute phase protein associated with bovine leukaemia virus infection in dairy cows(Natl Veterinary Research Inst, 2015) Akalin, Pinar Peker; Ataseven, Veysel Soydal; Dogan, Firat; Ergun, Yasar; Baspinar, Nuri; Ozcan, OguzhanThe aim of this study was to determine the ceruloplasmin (Cp) and vitamin C concentrations, the total antioxidant status (TAS), and selected biochemical parameters in dairy cows spontaneously infected with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV). Of the 27 cows included in the study, 18 animals were seropositive for enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), whereas nine cows were seronegative and were used as controls. The serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (P = 0.003) and Cp concentrations (P = 0.03) decreased (65.17 +/- 5.03 and 7.70 +/- 0.72 respectively) in BLV-infected cows, as compared to healthy animals (100.67 +/- 11.50 and 10.40 +/- 0.70 respectively). A slight insignificant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and unchanged levels of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, calcium, magnesium, and TAS were demonstrated in EBL cows. As the TAS and vitamin C levels remained unchanged in EBL cows, it may be suggested that ruminants may compensate for the impaired oxidative/antioxidative balance. The results obtained also indicate that BLV may suppress AST and Cp synthesis or secretion in the liver through an unlcnown mechanism. The mechanism of action of BLV in hepatocytes, especially on AST and Cp, requires further investigation to elucidate the immune suppression caused by oncogenic retroviruses.Öğe Theranekron for treatment of endometriosis in a rat model compared with medroxyprogesterone acetate and leuprolide acetate(Elsevier, 2013) Dolapcioglu, Kenan; Dogruer, Gokhan; Ozsoy, Sule; Ergun, Yasar; Ciftci, Sinasi; Karapinar, Oya Soylu; Aslan, ErdoganObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of theranekron, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and leuprolide acetate (LA) on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model. Study design: Endometriosis was surgically induced in forty female rats during estrus. After 3 weeks, a second operation was performed and the rats were randomized using a randomization table into theranekron, MPA, LA, and control groups. These treatments were continued for 3 weeks. A third operation was performed to evaluate treatment results. Then, the experimental treatments were halted and estrogen was initiated again to maintain estrus. After three additional weeks; i.e. after 9 weeks, the recurrence rate of endometrial foci was evaluated in a fourth operation and the rats were sacrificed. The volume of endometriotic foci and histopathology scores before and after treatment were compared. Results: The respective mean volumes of the endometriotic foci after 3, 6, and 9 weeks were 86.4 +/- 21.2, 16.4 +/- 8.2, and 20.1 +/- 9.6 mm(3) in the theranekron group, 78.3 +/- 20.4, 42.6 +/- 13.5, and 66.7 +/- 16.2 mm(3) in the MPA group, and 91.8 +/- 30.2, 34.4 +/- 11.4, and 72.4 +/- 21.9 mm(3) in the LA group. The respective mean histopathology scores were 2.4 +/- 0.6, 1.8 +/- 0.6, and 1.6 +/- 0.6 in the theranekron group, 2.5 +/- 0.8, 2.0 +/- 1.1, and 2.7 +/- 1.0 in the MPA group, and 2.3 +/- 0.5, 2.1 +/- 1.2, 2.4 +/- 0.8 in the LA group. After 9 weeks, the mean volume of endometriotic foci and histopathology scores were significantly lower in the theranekron group. Conclusions: Theranekron caused more evident regression of endometriotic foci than MPA or LA in a rat model. After stopping the theranekron treatment, the recurrence rate was also lower than that of the other groups. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Treatment of subclinical mastitis in Damascus goats during lactation(Elsevier, 2010) Dogruer, Goekhan; Saribay, Mustafa Kemal; Ergun, Yasar; Aslantas, Oezkan; Demir, Cemil; Ates, Cafer TayyarThis study was carried out to determine the efficacy of three treatment protocols for subclinical mastitis during lactation in Damascus goats. For this purpose intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin, intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid and the combination of intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin and intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid were used in goats with subclinical mastitis during lactation. The microbiological treatment rates in the intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin, intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid and the combination of intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin and intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid groups in the 7th and 21st clays after the treatment were 62.5% and 92.5%, 62.5% and 70%, 87.5% and 87.5%, respectively. The intramammarian and intramuscular combination group was found to have a statistically higher treatment rate than other two groups on the 7th clay. On the 21st day intramammarian and combination groups were found to have statistically better treatment rates than that of intramuscular group. It was concluded that the goat subclinical mastitis could be successfully treated during lactation. While the intramammarian ampicillin dicloxacillin treatment had the best treatment rates, the combination of intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid was also successful. Intramuscular amoxycillin clavulonic acid as the sole treatment was not as effective as intramammarian therapy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe USEFULNESS OF THE E-TEST FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SP ISOLATED FROM MILK OF SHEEP AND GOATS WITH SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS TO AMIKACIN AND AMOXICILLIN-CLAVULANIC ACID(Natl Veterinary Research Inst, 2009) Kirecci, Ekrem; Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa KemalThe aim of the study was to evaluate the Epsilometer-test (E-test) method to detect the susceptibility to amikacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid of 100 Staphylococcus species isolated from sheep and goats with subclinical mastitis. Of all the strains isolated, 24 were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, 17 as S. intermedius, 12 as S. xylosus, ten as S. warneri, nine as S. saprophyticus, nine as S. capitis, five as S. simulans, five as S. haemolyticus, three as S. sciuri, two as S. auricularis, two as S. hyicus, one as S. cohnii, and one as S. caprae. All isolates were sensitive to both antibiotics. While the MIC values of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the goat strains ranged from 0.125 to 1 mu g/mL and of amikacin from 0.25 to 12 mu g/mL, the MIC values for the sheep strains ranged from 0.047 to 2 mu g/mL (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) and 0.75 to 6 mu g/ml (amikacin). The results of this study have shown that both antibiotics can be highly effective against Staphylococcus sp. that are often the reason for subclinical mastitis in small ruminants.Öğe Usefulness of the E-test for the determination of the susceptibility of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from milk of sheep and goats with subclinical mastitis to amikacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid(2009) Kirecci, Ekrem; Ergun, Yasar; Dogruer, Gokhan; Saribay, Mustafa KemalThe aim of the study was to evaluate the Epsilometer-test (E-test) method to detect the susceptibility to amikacin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid of 100 Staphylococcus species isolated from sheep and goats with subclinical mastitis. Of all the strains isolated, 24 were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis, 17 as S. intermedius, 12 as S. xylosus, ten as S. warneri, nine as S. saprophyticus, nine as S. capitis, five as S. simulans, five as S. haemolyticus, three as S. sciuri, two as S. auricularis, two as S. hyicus, one as S. cohnii, and one as S. caprae. All isolates were sensitive to both antibiotics. While the MIC values of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the goat strains ranged from 0.125 to 1 ?g/mL and of amikacin from 0.25 to 12 ?g/mL, the MIC values for the sheep strains ranged from 0.047 to 2 ?g/mL (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid) and 0.75 to 6 ?g/ml (amikacin). The results of this study have shown that both antibiotics can be highly effective against Staphylococcus sp. that are often the reason for subclinical mastitis in small ruminants.
