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    Investigation of antimicrobial resistance in pigeons (Columba livia domestica) using indicator bacteria
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2020) Aslantas, O.; Govce, N.
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotic resistance as well as presence of resistance-associated genes in Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. strains isolated from pigeons. One hundred and fifty cloacal swabs were collected from apparently healthy pigeons in Hatay, Turkey, between March 2014 and June 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates were tested with disc diffusion method, and resistance genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. coli were isolated from 94.7% (142) of the examined cloacal swab samples. E. coli isolates revealed higher resistance rates to tetracycline (51.4%) and ampicillin (50%), followed by nalidixic acid (19.7%), streptomycin (12.7%), amoxycillin-clavulanic acid (15.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (10.6%), cephalothin (7.0%), ciprofloxacin (6.3%), kanamycin (4.9%), gentamicin (4.2%), tobramycin (4.2%), ceftazidime (4.2%), cefotaxime (4.2%), chloramphenicol (2.8%), aztreonam (2.8%), and cefoxitin (0.7%), respectively. Twentyeight (%19.7) E. coli isolates were susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. A total of 136 (90.7%) Enterococcus spp. were isolated and species distribution of the isolates was determined by species-specific PCR. The isolates were identified as 64 (47.1%) E. hirae, 17 (12.5%) E. faecium, 8 (5.9%) E. faecalis, 4 (2.9%) E. columbea, and 2 (1.5%) E. durans. The rest of the isolates (30.1%) were identified as Enterococcus spp. with the used primers. Enterococcus spp. were resistant to tetracycline (67.6%), erythromycin (23.5%), rifampicin (17.6%), chloramphenicol (6.6%) and ciprofloxacin (5.9%). By contrast, 38 (27.9%) Enterococcus spp. were sensitive to all tested antimicrobials. The data obtained in the study showed that pigeons were carriers of antimicrobial resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. in their intestinal microbiota, and may pose public health risk due to not only transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans but also contamination of the environment. The current status of antimicrobial resistance in different animal species should be continuosly monitored and control measures should also be taken.
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    Isolation and Molecular Characterization of ESBL/pAmpC Producing Escherichia coli in Household Pigeons in Turkey
    (Israel Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2018) Aslantas, O.; Govce, N.
    In this study it was aimed to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and/or plasmidic AmpC beta-lactamase (pAmpC) producing Escherichia coli among household pigeons in Hatay, Turkey. For this purpose, 150 cloacal swab samples were taken from apperently healthy household pigeons and the isolates were characterised by phylogenetic grouping, plasmid replicon typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis. ESBL producing E. coli was detected in five (3.3%) of the cloacal swabs: all the strains carried the bla(CTX-M-15) gene together with bla(TEM-1) (four phylogenetic group B1 and ST446 and one phylogenetic group A and ST665). pAmpC producing E. coli was detected in one (0.7%) isolate and this isolate harbored the bla(CMY-2) (phylogroup B2 and ST4906). Three plasmid replicon types detected among the strains IncII/I., IncFIB and IncFrepB were the most common. Three distinct PFGE pulsotypes were found among the isolates and multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype was only observed in two isolates. The current study was, to the best knowledge of the authors, the first showing that household pigeons in Turkey are fecal carries of ESBL/pAmpC producing E. coli and a significant potential source of these bacteria for humans.