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    Different fosA genes were found on mobile genetic elements in Escherichia coli from wastewaters of hospitals and municipals in Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2022) Guneri, Cansu Onlen; Stingl, Kerstin; Grobbel, Mirjam; Hammerl, Jens Andre; Kurekci, Cemil
    Aims: The increasing number of globally established fosfomycin-resistant (FosR) Gram-negative bacteria inspired us to investigate the occurrence of FosR Enterobacterales populations (esp. E. coli) in samples of city wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and hospital sewage in Hatay, Turkey. FosR target bacteria were further characterized for their clonal relatedness, resistomes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to evaluate their impact on fosfomycin resistance dissemination. Methods: A total of 44 samples from raw and treated waters of WWTPs as well as of two hospitals in the Hatay province were subjected to selective cultivation for recovering FosR Enterobacterales. The presence of fosA was verified by PCR and Sanger amplicon sequencing. Detected E. coli were further evaluated against antimicrobial susceptibility-testing, macrorestriction profiling (PFGE) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Bioinformatics analysis was performed for genome subtyping (i.e., MLST, serotype), resistome/virulome determination and dissection of the genetic determinants of plasmidic fosA3/4 resistances. Results: Besides ten non-E. coli Enterobacterales, 29 E. coli were collected within this study. In silico-based subtyping revealed that E. coli isolates were assigned to six different serovars and 14 sequence types (ST), while O8:H21 and ST410 represented the major prevalent types, respectively. Fosfomycin resistance in the isolates was found to be mediated by the fosA4 (n = 18), fosA3 (n = 10) and fosA (n = 1), which are frequently associated with transmissible MGEs. Reconstruction of plasmid-associated fosA gene context revealed a linkage between the resistance cassette and IS6 (IS26 family) transposases, which might represent a major driver for the distribution of the genes and the generation of novel fosA-carrying plasmids. Conclusions: The occurrence of plasmid-mediated, transmissible FosR in E. coli from wastewater pose a foreseeable threat to One-Health. To minimize further spread of the resistances in bacterial populations associated with environmental, animal and human health further resistance monitoring and management strategies must be developed.
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    Effect of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-1?, on Urotensin II Gene Expression in Human Lung Cancer Cells
    (Duzce Univ, 2018) Okuyan, Hamza Malik; Terzi, Menderes Yusuf; Guneri, Cansu Onlen; Kucuk, Meral Urhan
    Objective: Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer type world-wide. Poor prognosis of lung cancer patients and lack of an effective treatment require detailed understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis. It was highlighted in some studies that U-II is likely to be a biomarker or molecular target for the prevention and treatment of some diseases such as lung cancer. But its molecular action mechanism has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of U-II in lung cancer. Methods: In our study, A549 cells were induced with different doses of IL-1 beta at different durations (1, 3 ng/ml; 6, 24 hours). mRNA levels of GAPDH, NF-kappa B1, MMP-1, and U-II were analyzed with RT-qPCR. The Delta Delta Ct (Delta Delta Ct) method was used for data analysis. The analyzed data were expressed as the fold-change. Results: Our results indicate that U-II gene is expressed in A549 cells and IL-1 beta can induce gene expressions of U-II, MMP-1 and NF-kappa B1 in A549 cells. Conclusions: U-II is a promising molecular target in treatment and prevention of lung cancer. Therefore, further studies are needed to enlighten molecular mechanism of U-II in lung adenocarcinoma.
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    Huzurevi sakinlerinde Demodex Folliculorum prevalansının araştırılması
    (2022) Guneri, Cansu Onlen; Güner, Pınar; Kaya, Özlem Makbule
    Amaç: Demodex folliculorum (D. folliculorum) genellikle yüz ve kirpikler dahil olmak üzere insan cildinde bulunan zorunlu bir ektoparazittir. Çalışmada Hatay Huzurevi katılımcılarında D. folliculorum enfestasyonunun değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yo?ntem: Çalışmaya huzurevinde kalan 81 yaşlı birey dahil edildi. Standart Yu?zeyel Deri Biyopsi (SYDB) yo?ntemi ile yanak ve çene bölgelerinden örnekler alındı ve gliserin damlatılarak ışık mikroskobunda 10x-40x objektif büyütmesi ile D. folliculorum yo?nu?nden incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 74 olarak belirlendi. Huzurevi sakinlerinin %77.8’i D. folliculorum yönünden pozitif bulundu. Katılımcıların %84’ü hiperkolesterolemi, hipertansiyon, diyabet, KOAH-astım, kalp hastalıkları, böbrek hastalığı, romatizmal hastalıklar gibi kronik hastalıklara sahipti. Kronik rahatsızlığı bulunmayan %16’lık popülasyonun tamamı D. folliculorum açısından pozitifti. Sonuç: Kronik rahatsızlık ile D. folliculorum arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmadı. Ancak ileri yaşla birlikte demodex akarı görülme sıklığının arttığını ve toplu yaşam alanlarının akarın bulaştırıcılığı üzerine etkili olduğu söylenebilir.
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    The Importance of Demodex Mites (Acari: Demodicidae) in Patients With Sickle Cell Anemia
    (Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2019) Kaya, Ozlem Aycan; Akkucuk, Serife; Ilhan, Gul; Guneri, Cansu Onlen; Mumcuoglu, Kosta
    Although demodicosis caused by Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis is widely seen throughout the world, the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully known. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of Demodex mites in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is not known. SCA is a genetic disease characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production and suppression of the immune system. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and Demodex density in SCA patients and to compare with healthy subjects. The study included 70 patients diagnosed with SCA and control group of 50 healthy individuals. Samples were taken from cheeks, forehead, nose, and chin and were examined microscopically. Infestation of >= 5 mites/cm(2) was accepted as positive in the diagnosis. Demodex mite positivity was determined in 20 (28.6%) patients and none in subjects of the control group. In the SCA group, the mean number of mites was 26.10/cm(2). A statistically significant correlation was found between Demodex mite positivity and the number of SCA symptom attacks experienced by the patients within the last 1 yr (P <= 0.001). No significant relationship was determined between Demodex mite positivity and age or gender (P = 0.56 and P = 0.11, respectively). Demodex mites are seen more often in SCA patients who suffer from a compromised immune system, and the presence of Demodex mites could be a risk factor in the appearance of SCA symptom attacks.
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    Nasal Staphylococcus Colonization in Nursing Home Residents and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles
    (Galenos Publ House, 2022) Guneri, Cansu Onlen; Guner, Pinar Doner; Aslantas, Ozkan
    Introduction: Staphylococci are microorganisms that are resistant to many antibiotics. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a normal flora bacterium that has recently emerged as a nosocomial pathogen and has become a worldwide issue. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of coagulase negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage, and antibiotic resistance of these bacteria in nursing home residents.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in July 2017. Forty-six samples obtained from the nasal mucosa of the participants were cultured. The species identification was done by MALDI-TOF-MS. Disk diffusion was applied to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of isolates, and polymerase chain reaction assay was employed to identify the known antimicrobial resistance genes.Results: Staphylococci were isolated from 28 (61%) of the 46 residents. The isolates (n=29) were S. epidermidis (n=22), Staphylococcus succinus (n=4), and S. aureus (n=3). Two different strains of S. epidermidis were isolated from one participant. While methicillin-resistant S. aureus was not identified in isolates; Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) was found in 43% (n=12). In addition, 68% of S. epidermidis strains were multidrug resistant (MDR) (to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial groups other than beta-lactams). All methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates were mecA positive. Among the MRSE isolates (n=12), the following resistance genes were found: blaZ (n=5), lnuA (n=1),tetK(n=1), ermA (n=1), aac(6')/aph(2) (n=1), and ant(4')-Ia (n=1).Conclusion: To our knowledge, multi-drug resistant MRSE was detected in nursing home residents for the first time in Turkey with this study. This result suggests that S. epidermidis could serve as a reservoir of drug resistance by persistent colonization in the nasal mucosa. Observation and molecular surveillance could be applied to limit the spread of such resistant nosocomial pathogens.