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Aeropalynological spectrum of Hatay, Turkey, the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea
(Springer, 2018) Tosunoglu, Aycan; Ilcim, Ahmet; Malyer, Hulusi; Bicakci, Adem
An aeropalynological study during the years 2014-2015 was performed in Hatay, which is a unique sociocultural and phytogeographical area located on the border of Turkey and Syria on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean. The sampling was performed by a Hirst-type volumetric sampler (Lanzoni VPPS 2000), and pollen grains of 54 taxa were identified, of which 83.21% of the annual sum belonged to woody taxa. The highest pollen concentration was recorded in February, of which a large amount came from the Cupressaceae/Taxaceae families. The diversity of the pollen reflected the vegetation of the area and plantations of the city center, but pollen grains from Euro-Siberian elements specific to Mount Amanos could not be recorded. Pollen types found at more than 3% of the annual pollen index and considered dominant pollen types were as follows: Cupressaceae/Taxaceae (50.86%), Olea europaea (12.67%), Moraceae (7.20%), Poaceae (5.99%), Quercus (5.35%), Urticaceae (3.79%) and Pinus (3.70%); almost all dominant pollen types in the city atmosphere were previously stated to be allergic. The main pollen season starting dates of common pollen types found were one or two weeks earlier than those of the surroundings. Many statistically significant correlations were found between daily pollen concentrations and daily meteorological parameters, e.g., Cupressaceae/Taxaceae Poaceae and Urticaceae pollen correlated negatively with mean temperature in both years, and in the hindermost two families daily pollen amounts significantly correlated with wind speed in the second year. Daily Olea europaea pollen concentration showed a significant negative correlation with the amount of total daily rainfall in the second year.
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Antimutagenic Activities of Five Turkish Pear Cultivars
(Springer, 2018) Erbil, Nurcan; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Arslan, Mehmet; Ilcim, Ahmet; Sayin, Bilge
The pear (Pyrus spp.) is one of the most important fruits consumed in daily life. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities, of various pear cultivars. The fruits of five pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars ('Deveci', 'Kizil', 'Egirsah', 'Gugum', and 'Banda') were used in this study. It was determined that the peel and pulp of the 'Kizil' pear had the highest total phenolic content (402.5 mg/100 g and 215.2 mg/100 g, respectively), while those of the 'Banda' pear had the lowest total phenolic content (326 mg/100 g and 126.1 mg/100 g, respectively). Additionally, the 'Kizil' pear showed the highest antioxidant capacity in the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing ability assay (FRAP) (1.72 mu mol TE/g FW and 161.25 mu mol Fe II/g FW, respectively) and the highest ascorbic acid content (16.02 mg/100 g). The 'Banda' pear showed the highest antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. However, none of the pear extracts displayed antifungal activity. While all doses of the 'Kizil', 'Gugum', and 'Banda' pear extracts used in this study, except 80 mu L/plate, exhibited antimutagenic activities, only the lowest dose (10 mu L/plate) of the 'Deveci' pear extract showed the antimutagenic activity against induced mutagenesis in the Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 strain. Consequently, the five Turkish pear cultivars used in this study exhibited different levels of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities.
Bufonia yildirimhanii sp nov (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Ilcim, Ahmet; Behcet, Lutfi
Bufonia yildirimhaniilcim & Behcet sp. nov. (Caryophyllaceae) is described and illustrated from Turkey. This new species is confined to C7 Sanlurfa-Birecik where it grows on calcarous slopes. The species is compared with the closely related Bufonia calyculata and B. kotschyana subsp. kotschyana. Notes on its ecology and conservation status are provided. A distribution map of the new and related species is also included.
Campanula baskilensis sp nov (Campanulaceae), a new chasmophyte from Turkey with unusual capsule dehiscence
(Wiley, 2018) Behcet, Lutfi; Ilcim, Ahmet
A new species discovered in Turkey, Campanula baskilensis Behcet sp. nov. (Campanulaceae), is described as a species confined to B7 Elazig, Baskil in east Anatolia. It grows as a chasmophyte on calcareous rocks. The diagnostic morphological characteristics of C. yildirimlii and C. oligosperma, including palynological and seed epidermal characters as observed by SEM, are discussed and notes on the ecology and conservation status of the new species are presented. A distribution map of the new and related species is also provided. The most unusual feature of C. baskilensis is the opening mechanism of its capsule which has 10 valves that split from the base to near the apex of the capsule.
Centaurea osmaniyensis (Asteraceae), a new species from southern Anatolia, Turkey
(Finnish Zoological Botanical Publishing Board, 2023) Ilcim, Ahmet; Demir, Berna
Centaurea osmaniyensis Ilcim (Asteraceae) sp. nova is described and illustrated from Bahce District, Osmaniye Province, Turkey. The species belongs to sect. Cynaroides and morphologically closely resembles C. regia var. cynarocephala, but differs from it by the habit, petiolate leaves, stem and leaf indumentum, capitulum shape, phyllary length, appendage size, terminal spine length and pappus color. The seed and pollen micromorphology are presented, as well as the threat level is evaluated.
Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profiles, Antiproliferative, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Adonis Species from Turkey
(Springer, 2022) Karahan, Faruk; Avsar, Cumhur; Turkmen, Musa; Gezici, Sevgi; Ilcim, Ahmet
The present study aimed to determine antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and also phytochemical composition of different nine Adonis L. species from Turkey. Leaves extracts of the plant samples were used to evaluate antimicrobial activity against 7 bacteria and 2 yeast strains using MICs and disc-diffusion methods. The antioxidant activity of plant samples was determined by using DPPH radical scavenging activity method. MTT assay was used for evaluation antiproliferative activities of the extracts against HL-60, HCA-7 and HUVEC human cells. Chemical composition of plant extracts were determined by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. The antimicrobial analyses results showed Gram-negative bacteria more sensitive than Gram-positive against the extracts, and the values were varied from 3.1 to 13.4 mu g/mL. The leaf extract of different Adonis species exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activities towards tested human cancer cells in a dose and time dependently, and they were found to possess more antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cells than that of the HCA-7 cells. As for the chemical composition of Adonis species, they were found to contain many components with antimicrobial and beneficial effects, such as ethyl palmitate, ethyl linoleate. Overall, it was concluded that leaves extracts of Adonis species could have a great potential for use in medicinal drug sources.
Concentrations of plant mineral nutrients and potentially toxic elements in some medicinal plants in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae families from Southern Turkiye: insights into health implications
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Karahan, Faruk; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker; Yalcin, Ibrahim Ertugrul; Hocaoglu-Ozyigit, Asli; Erkencioglu, Bedriye Nazli; Ilcim, Ahmet
Medicinal plants have been used throughout history in the treatment of many diseases in traditional Anatolian folk medicine as well as all over the world. The rapid increase in agricultural and industrial activities due to the increasing population around the world causes air, water and soil pollution, and accumulation of potentially toxic elements in medicinal plants. In this study, plant mineral nutrients and potentially toxic elements analyzes were carried out in 38 plant species belonging to the medicinally important families Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Lamiaceae. The percentage of macroelements (in %) varies between 0.20 and 1.46 for calcium, 0.08 and 1.35 for potassium, 0.04 and 0.24 for magnesium, 0.01 and 0.34 for sodium, while concentrations of microelements and potentially toxic elements (in mg kg(-1)) vary between 3.21 and 721.28 for aluminum, 41.33 and 231.01 for boron, 0.01 and 0.61 for cadmium, 1.09 and 47.79 for chromium, 12.90 and 43.13 for copper, 17.75 and 1109.39 for iron, 51.50 and 715.48 for manganese, 0.12 and 9.42 for nickel, 1.58 and 22.11 for lead and finally 80.82 and 260.08 for zinc. In addition, estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI) for potentially toxic elements, and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) values for mineral nutrients were calculated. In some samples in industrial and mining areas, accumulation of some potentially toxic elements was slightly above the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO). In Summary, the importance of collecting medicinal plants from protected areas such as mountainous rural areas, far from mining, close to clean rivers, and regular control of values with potentially toxic elements analyzes for human health has been understood once again.
Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, mineral composition and free radical scavenging activity of Trigonella plicata
(Marmara Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2016) Uras Gungor, S. Selma; Guzel, Sevda; Ilcim, Ahmet; Kokdil, Gamze
The aim of the present study was to determine total phenolic and flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity and mineral composition of Trigonella plicata Boiss. & Bal. from Turkey. Total phenol, flavonoid content and free radical scavenging activity of the aqueous methanolic extract obtained from seeds was measured spectrophotometrically by Folin-Ciocalteu, the AlCl3 and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The phenolic content was 64.11 +/- 0.36 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight while the flavonoid content was 51.02 +/- 0.056 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g dry weight. In free radical scavenging assay, inhibition % of the extract (1g/L) was found to be 50.1 +/- 0.039. The mineral composition of the seeds were determined by ICP-MS and potassium was main mineral in the seeds. The other main elements, in descending order by quantity, were Ca, P, Mg and Na.
Dianthus vanensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Ilcim, Ahmet; Behcet, Lutfi; Mukemre, Muzaffer
Dianthus vanensis Behcet & Ilcim is described as a new species. It is confined to Catak District (Van) in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. The diagnostic characters and taxonomic comments on the species are given. Notes are also presented on its ecology. A distribution map of new and related species is also provided.
Heavy Metal Levels and Mineral Nutrient Status in Different Parts of Various Medicinal Plants Collected from Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey
(Humana Press Inc, 2020) Karahan, Faruk; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker; Saracoglu, Ibrahim Adnan; Yalcin, Ibrahim Ertugrul; Hocaoglu-Ozyigit, Asli; Ilcim, Ahmet
Medicinal plants have been used for treatment of many diseases since the ancient times with traditional knowledge being transferred from generation to generation. However, in recent years, many natural habitats have been contaminated due to increased anthropogenic activities. Plants which are exposed to heavy metal toxicity may experience several serious problems. Furthermore, the inclusion of these plants into the food chain poses a threat to human health as well. Additionally, presence of heavy metals directly effect mineral nutrition and consequently the food quality. The aim of this study herewith is to determine the heavy metal content and mineral nutrient status of some medicinal plants to have insight on their health repercussions on plants and humans. The concentrations of Al, B, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn in commonly used parts (root, rhizome, seed, resin, gall, fruit) especially for remedial purposes of 17 medicinal plants collected from Turkey were analyzed by ICP-OES. The measured values for concentrations from lowest to highest were (in mg kg(-1)) 30.983-368.877 for Al, 13.845-186.015 for B, 1335.699-11213.951 for Ca, 0.016-0.653 for Cd, 0.379-30.708 for Cr, 23.838-90.444 for Cu, 78.960-1228.845 for Fe, 1035.948-6393.491 for K, 83.193-2252.031 for Mg, 12.111-362.570 for Mn, 278.464-1968.775 for Na, 1.945-35.732 for Ni, 0.796-17.162 for Pb and 166.910-395.252 for Zn. Overall, heavy metal concentrations in medicinal plants collected nearby industrial regions, mining and farming sites, were found to be in slightly higher levels. This shows us that it is of crucial importance that the areas where medicinal plants are collected are clean especially by means of heavy metals for the reason that these plants can cause more harm than the benefits they may provide if they are contaminated.
High yielding indigo sources in native Isatis (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey
(Springer, 2016) Karaman, Sengul; Diraz, Emel; Comlekcioglu, Nazan; Ilcim, Ahmet; Durdu, Hasan; Tansi, Sezen
Indigo dye has a distinctive blue color and is one of the oldest known dyestuffs. In order to identify new Isatis genotypes for indigo production, 14 Isatis taxa collected from native area were grown under field conditions in Kahramanmaras,, Turkey. The effects of taxa and harvest times on leaf, indigo and indican yield were analyzed and compared with culture species (Isatis tinctoria and Isatis indigotica) by using spectrophotometer and HPLC. High indigo yield (87.13 kg/ha) was obtained from Isatis constricta and I. tinctoria subsp. tomentolla (Mersin location) had high indican yield (12.25 mg/g) in fresh leaves. The present work identified high indigo yielding taxa that may be used for genetic improvement in order to re-introduce Isatis species in the agricultural systems of Mediterranean regions. Especially I. constricta can be evaluated in terms of higher indigo yield than the native and culture taxa. I. constricta is an endemic plant in endangered category. This situation reveals that the need for the conservation of the species. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous study reported about indigo contents of the studied 11 Isatis spp. so far.
Jurinea kozakliensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey
(Finnish Zoological Botanical Publishing Board, 2023) Ilcim, Ahmet; Demir, Berna
Jurinea kozakliensis Ilcim sp. nova (Asteraceae) is described from central Anatolia, Turkey. It grows on marly hills in Kozakli District of Nevsehir Province. It resembles especially J. tortumensis, but differs from it by e.g. much smaller capitula and corolla and distinctly toothed vs. smooth achenes. SEM photographs of the pollen grains of J. kozakliensis are provided.
Phylogenetic relationship among taxa in the genus Adonis L. collected from Turkiye based on nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers
(Springer, 2022) Karahan, Faruk; Ilcim, Ahmet; Turkoglu, Aras; Ilhan, Emre; Haliloglu, Kamil
Background Genus Adonis L. contain approximately 40 annual and perennial species, which are widely distributed in the temperate zones of Asia and Europe, and less frequently in southwestern Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean region. The aim of the study was to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship among Adonis taxa collected from Turkiye based on nrDNA Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers. Methods Samples of 64 individual genotypes from 21 populations of 10 Adonis taxa were collected from different regions of the country during vegetation period between 2014 and 2018. ITS1, ITS4, P16 and P25 primers within ITS technique was used to genotype the plant materials. Then, genotypic data was used to estimate magnitude and organization of infraspecific variation in different populations of Adonis. Results About 600 bp DNA sequences were obtained from each 64 Adonis genotypes belonging to 21 different populations. The dendrogram obtained from Adonis taxa and out-group sequences had two large main groups. While the out-group species were placed in the first large main group, the sect. Consiligo (perennial) and sect. Adonis (annuals) were placed in different sub-groups of the second large main group. Genetic similarity among Adonis taxa varied between A. microcarpa and A. dentata (98.46%). Principal component analysis indicated that two important components in Adonis taxa genotypes. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.0252 (sub-population A) to 0.3460 (sub-population C), with an average of 0.1154. In addition, population differentiation measurements (Fst) ranged from 0.0025 (sub-population C) to 0.9016 (sub-population A) with a relatively high average 0.6601. Conclusions Present analyses revealed that phylogenetic classification (grouping) of Adonis taxa largely depended on morphological structure and present ITS primers were quite efficient in putting forth the genetic diversity of such species. The results of this study suggested that ITS markers could be used in the identification of genetic diversity among the Adonis taxa. The results obtained from molecular data can be used to explore the genetic variation pattern, population structure, and the evolutionary history of genus Adonis in the future.
The Possible Role of Bird Migrations on Introduction and Spread of Invasive Alien Plants: A Case Study, Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Uludag, Ahmet; Uremis, Ilhan; Kozbas, Ayseguel Iliker; Soylu, Soner; Erkilic, Lerzan Bakircioglu; Ilcim, Ahmet
Solanum elaeagnifolium (SOLEL), a native plant of the Americas is a highly spread invasive alien species worldwide with impacts on biodiversity and agriculture. It has a long history in Mediterranean basin and the Middle East where Turkiye is located but there was no record except one in 2006 from the eastern the Mediterranean of Turkiye of which introduction was attributed to migrating birds. Despite widespread and large populations in neighboring countries, not detecting SOLEL in Turkiye had been questionable. The aims of the study were to find out new populations of SOLEL in Turkiye and understand the reason of less population occurred in Turkiye. Two areas were selected near the country borders of Turkiye which are known as migrating bird routes. Areas were visited unregularly several times from 2020 to 2023 to find out SOLEL populations. New populations were detected in the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkiye which are over 1000 km apart from each other. SOLEL populations and bird migration routes through Turkiye and countries SOLEL has already been recorded were compared. It is concluded that SOLEL might be introduced by migrating birds. It is suggested that more detailed research is needed to explain the role of migrating birds in invasive alien plants' introductions. Furthermore, plants around wetlands which birds use in their migration routes should be observed to prevent new plant invasions.
Rheum telianum (Polygonaceae), a new species from Southeastern Anatolia (Turkey)
(Magnolia Press, 2020) Ilcim, Ahmet; Karahan, Faruk
Rheum telianum is described as a new species from Kayatepe village (south-eastern Anatolia, Turkey). It is morphologically related to the west-central Asiatic R. ribes and R. rhizostachyum from which can be easily distinguish by its stem surface (slightly vermcose), leaf number, shape, and size (usually 1-basal leaf or rarely with a small one at base, reniform-rotate, 6.5-100 x 4.5-56 cm), achene shape and size (cordate-triangular, 8-15 x 8-16 mm). The distribution, notes on ecology, and conservation status of the new species are also provided.
Salvia adiyamanensis (Lamiaceae), a new species from South East Anatolia, Turkey
(Magnolia Press, 2023) Ilcim, Ahmet; Tel, Ahmet Zafer; Kocabas, Yusuf Ziya
In this study, the new species Salvia adiyamanensis Ilcim & Tel (Lamiaceae) is described from Adiyaman province, Turkey. The relevant diagnostic characters with respect to the species were presented. In addition, we presented the notes concerned with the ecology, habitat, conservation status, pollen and seed morphology of the species. We furthermore constructed a distribution map for the new species and other related species.
Some Biological Effects of the Fruits and Leaves of Different Apple Cultivars, Including Red-Fleshed Apples, Grown in a Microclimatic Region of Turkey: Part I
(Springer, 2020) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Ilcim, Ahmet; Borekci, Bilge Sayin
Apple is a fruit that is frequently consumed in daily diet and is very useful for human health. In this study, seven apple cultivars grown in Posof district in Ardahan province, including red-fleshed 'Ici Kirmizi' and 'Japon apples' were investigated. 'Japon apple' was found to have the highest values of total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents. The highest content of chlorophyll a (1.14 mu g/g) was measured in 'Mahara apple', while the highest contents of chlorophyll b and total carotenoids (1.22 and 0.70 mu g/g, respectively) were also observed in 'Japon apple'. All the fruits and leaves of the apple cultivars, used in this study exhibited differential antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Except for 'Seker apple', all methanolic leaf extracts exhibited inhibitory effects onSaccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the strongest antimicrobial activities were observed in 'Japon apple'. While none of the doses of aqueous fruit extracts showed antimutagenic activities, different doses of the methanolic leaf extracts of the samples exhibited antimutagenic effects.
Some Biological Effects of the Fruits and Leaves of Different Apple Cultivars, Including Red-Fleshed Apples, Grown in a Microclimatic Region of Turkey: Part I (vol 62, pg 399, 2020)
(Springer, 2021) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tugba; Ilcim, Ahmet; Sayin Borekci, Bilge
[Abstract Not Available]
A Study on the Floristic Structure of some Natural and Cultural Sites in Mersin (Turkiye)
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2023) Tel, Ahmet Zafer; Ortac, Ishak; Ilcim, Ahmet; Ozuslu, Ergun
This study was designed to make an inventory study on the flora of Aphrodisias Protected Area and Tisan Locality, Tasucu Castle and Bogsak Island, Egribuk Bay and Dana Island, Gilindere Cave, Aydincik Islands and Besparmak Islands, which are located within the borders of Mersin province and have the characteristics of natural and cultural sites. It was also aimed to contribute to the floristic and biodiversity researches of Mersin province. No studies have been conducted for the direct determination of flora on the islands within the borders of Mersin province before. A total of 66 different taxa belonging to 26 families and 57 genera were identified in four different regions of Mersin province, which was the research area. The distribution of detected taxa according to phytogeographic regions was as follows: Mediterranean (including Eastern Mediterranean) 37 taxa (56.07%), 11 widely distributed taxa (16.66%) and 18 unknown (27.27%) taxa. There was no Europe - Siberia and Iran - Turan geographic region element. A total of 1 endemic and 1 rare plant taxon were identified in the research area.
Trigonella selcuk-bayraktarii (Fabaceae), a new species from Turkey
(Magnolia Press, 2023) Ilcim, Ahmet; Kocabas, Yusuf Ziya
Trigonella selcuk-bayraktarii Ilcim (Fabaceae) is described from Kahramanmara Turkey. The new species is endemic and grows on steppes at an elevation of 650-750 m. The species is compared morphologically to the releated species Trigonella kotschyii considering also pollen and seed micromorphology. In addition ecology, habitat, conservation status.

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