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Assessment of glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates as potential natural antifungal compounds against citrus sour rot disease agent Geotrichum citri-aurantii
(Wiley, 2020) Kara, Merve; Soylu, Emine Mine
In this study, the antifungal effects of six different isothiocyanate (ITCs) compounds (methyl, allyl, butyl, ethyl, benzyl and 2-phenylethyl ITCs) were investigated to be use against the citrus sour rot disease caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii in vitro and semi-commercial (in vivo) conditions. Antifungal activities of the vapour phases of different ITC compounds were examined on the arthroconidia germination and mycelial growth of G. citri-aurantii. Mycelial growth of G. citri-aurantii was inhibited in a concentration-dependent way. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of benzyl, methyl, allyl and ethyl ITCs on mycelial growth were 0.06, 0.08, 0.10 and 0.10 mu l/L, respectively. Arthroconidia germination of G. citri-aurantii was completely inhibited by benzyl, methyl, allyl and ethyl ITCs at concentrations of 0.05, 0.07, 0.07 and 0.07 mu l/L, respectively. Light microscopy observations revealed that the ITC compounds, at completely inhibiting concentrations, caused considerable morphological changes in the fungal hyphae. Under in vivo conditions, the average rotting area caused by G. citri-arantii was inhibited 100% by ethyl, methyl and allyl ITC compounds at concentrations of 8.0, 12.0 and 12.0 mu l/L, respectively. Results suggest that ITC's may be useful and effective natural antifungal compounds to control the citrus sour rot disease agent.
Bazı Fidanlıklarda Görülen Toprak Kökenli Fungusların Belirlenmesi
(2021) Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Şener; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Soner; Soylu, Emine Mine
Gaziantep Orman Fidanlık Şefliği, Osmaniye Orman Fidanlık Şefliği, Hatay Serinyol Orman Fidanlık Şefliği ve HMKÜ kampüs fidanlık alanında 14 farklı peyzaj bitkisi türünden toplam 98 adet hastalıklı fidan örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örneklerin 81’inde, toprak kökenli hastalık etmenleri saptanmıştır. Bu etmenlerin tanılanmasına yönelik olarak morfolojik sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde; farklı konukçulardan elde edilen hastalık etmenlerinden 12 adedi, Ceratobasidium sp, 8’i Fusarium, 14’ü Macrophomina, 13’ü Rhizoctonia, 4’ü Phytophthora ve 10’u Dactylonectria olarak saptanmış; geriye kalan 20 tanesi de Phoma, Pestalotiopsis, Diaporthe, Didymella ve Neopestalotiopsis fungusları olarak belirlenmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalar kapsamında ITS1-4 primeri ile yapılan PCR çalışmaları ve DNA dizileme sonuçlarına göre tür düzeyinde tanıları yapılmıştır. Temsili seçilen 16 izolatın, NCBI GenBankası kütüphanesinden erişim numaraları alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, fidan sağlığını gözeterek fidanlıklarda her türlü mücadele yöntemlerinin bir arada etkili ve sürdürülebilir şekilde uygulanması, peyzaj sahalarının korunmasında önemli bir yer tutacaktır.
Ceviz gövde kanseri hastalığı etmeni Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın tanılanması ve bazı fungisitlerin hastalık etmenine karşı in vitro antifungal etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi
(Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2020) Kurt, Şener; Soylu, Soner; Uysal, Aysun; Soylu, Emine Mine; Kara, Merve
Amaç: Çalışmada Hatay’ın İskenderun ilçesinde Mayıs 2019 tarihinde ceviz bahçelerdeki ceviz ağaçlarında, iletim dokularında kahverengi-koyu kahverengi renk değişikliği, odun dokusu nekrozu ve dallarda geriye doğru ölüm hastalık belirtilerine neden olan fungal etmenin tanılanması ve etmenin bazı fungisitlere karşı duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Hastalıklı dallardan, kanserlerden ve belirti göstermeyen ceviz örneklerinden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda elde edilen fungal izolat morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalara göre Botryosphaeria dothidea olarak tanılanmıştır. Patojenisite denemeleri, fungal izolatın bölgede yetiştirilen Chandler çeşidi ceviz ağacı sürgünlerinde oldukça virülent olduğunu göstermiştir. Mevcut bilgilerimize göre bu çalışma, Türkiye’de cevizi enfekte eden Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın ilk raporudur. Fluazinam (0.001-0.015 µg/ml), thiophanate-methyl (0.1-10.0 µg/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (1.0-50.0 µg/ml), trifloxystrobin (0.5-50.0 µg/ml), kresoxim-methyl (0.1-50.0 µg/ml) ve tebuconazole (0.5-50.0 µg/ml) gibi 6 farklı fungisitin farklı konsantrasyonlarının, fungal etmene karşı in vitro antifungal etkileri belirlenmiştir. Fungisitlerin ortalama etkili konsantrasyon (EC50) değerleri, Probit analiziyle belirlenmiştir. Hesaplanan EC50 değerlerine göre hastalık etmenine karşı en etkili fungisit fluazinam (0.002 µg/ml) olarak kaydedilmiş olup, bu fungisiti thiophanate-methyl (0.275 µg/ml), tebuconazole (0.994 µg/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (3.993 µg/ml) ve trifloxystrobin (4.262 µg/ml) izlemiştir. En düşük antifungal etkinlik fungisitler arasında misel gelişimini %37.5 oranında engelleyen kresoxim-methyl tarafından gösterilmiştir. Genel Yorum: Bu çalışma fungal etmen Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın Türkiye’de yetiştirilen ceviz ağaçlarında gövde kanseri hastalığa neden olduğunun ilk kayıdıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ayrıca Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın sebep olduğu ceviz kanser hastalığının seçilen fungisitlerin uygulanmasıyla ağaçların hastalıktan korunabileceğini önermektedir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Sonuç olarak, fluazinam, thiophanate-methyl ve tebuconazole’ün fungal patojen B. dothidea’nın kontrolünde kullanım potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Characterization and pathogenicity of Fusarium solani associated with dry root rot of citrus in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey
(Springer Japan Kk, 2020) Kurt, Sener; Uysal, Aysun; Soylu, E. Mine; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Soner
Fusarium dry root rot is one of the most dangerous diseases of citrus in Turkey. Since December 2015, a devastating decline has caused light purple, vascular discolorations, and dry decay of fibrous roots in some citrus orchards. Cream-colored colonies produced ovoid, ellipsoid or reniform, 1-2-celled microconidia. Macroconidia were 3-5 septate, hyaline, straight, or slightly curved. Chlamydospores were produced from mycelium in intercalary or terminal chains. The fungus was identified as Fusarium solani by sequencing of the ITS and tef-1 alpha nucleotides, pathogenicity assay and MALDI-TOF MS. In pathogenicity tests on 'Okitsu', 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. caused typical root rot.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated from medicinal plants against gall forming plant pathogenic bacterial disease agents
(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2020) Bozkurt, İmam Adem; Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Emine Mine
The aims of this study were to determine chemical composition of essential oils from different plant species and their antibacterial activities against gal-forming plant pathogenic bacterial disease agents Rhizobium radiobacter, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and P.savastanoi pv. nerii. The chemical compositions of essential oils were identified by GC/MS. The major constituents of the essential oils were carvacrol in Thymbra spicata var. spicata (66.88%) and Origanum syriacum (79.8%), thymol in Thymus serpyllum (41.03%), geranial in Thymus sipyleus (13.72%) and Melissa officinalis (30.4), 4-terpineol in Origanum majorana (31.67%), linalool in Ocimum basilicum (30.23%), carvone in Mentha spicata (55.58%), 1,8 cineole in Lavandula stoechas var. stoechas (35.5%), Laurus nobilis (35.5%) and Rosmarinus officinalis (18.47%), camphor in Salvia officinalis (24.59%) and trans-anethole in Foeniculum vulgare (82.8%) essential oils, respectively. Based on inhibition zone diameter values, essential oils showed very strong antibacterial activities against P.savastanoi pv. savastanoi (7.0-44.67 mm), followed by R.radiobacter (9.6-37.67 mm) and P.savastanoi pv. nerii (6.33-18.33 mm). Essential oils of plants belong to Lamiaceae family were generally found to be more efficient than those belong to Lauraceae and Apiaceae families. The essential oils of O.syriacum, T.serpyllum and T.spicata var. spicata were found to be the most promising essential oils displaying the highest antibacterial activities against all tested bacterial species. The findings of the present study revealed that essential oils have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents against gall forming bacterial disease agents.
Determination and antifungal activities of laurel and fennel essential oils against fungal disease agents of cypress seedlings
(Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2020) Kara, Merve; Soylu, Soner; Türkmen, Musa; Kaya, Durmuş Alpaslan
Fusarium oxysporum and Pestalotiopsis funerea are the most common fungal disease agents of conifer seedlings causing root rot and shoot or tip blight diseases. In this study, chemical compositions and antifungal activities of essential oils of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) were determined against root rot and wilt disease agents F. oxysporum and P. funerea in vitro conditions. Chemical compositions of essential oils were determined by using GC-MS analysis. Antifungal volatile phase effects of essential oils were determined on inhibition of mycelial growth in vitro conditions by using different concentrations. The effect of most effective concentrations of essential oils on the morphology of fungal hypha was also determined by using light microscope. GC-MS analysis of essential oils of laurel and fennel plants revealed that eucalyptol (52.88%) and α-terpinyl acetate (11.77%) were major components of laurel; trans-anethole (81.55%) and limonene (5.88%) were major components of fennel essential oils. Volatile phase effects of fennel and laurel essential oils were found to completely inhibit mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at 30.0 and 50.0 µl petri-1 concentrations, respectively. Complete growth inhibition of P. funerea by essential oil of fennel and laurel were observed at relatively lower concentrations (20.0 and 25.0 µl petri-1 concentrations, respectively). Light microscopic observations on hyphae, exposed to volatile phase of the most efficient concentrations of essential oil, revealed considerable structural deformations such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolations and protoplast leakage. In conclusion, our results suggest that essential oils have the potential for use in control of fungal diseases of conifer plants.
Determination of antagonistic potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from lettuce against lettuce white mould disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Lithuanian Research Centre Agriculture & Forestry, 2021) Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Sener; Soylu, Emine Mine
In this study, biocontrol efficiency of endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from the leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) healthy plants was investigated against white mould disease agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro and in vivo conditions. Antagonistic efficiency of endophytic bacterial isolates was determined to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination, suppress disease incidence caused by S. sclerotiorum. A total of 48 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from different tissues of lettuce healthy plants. Mycelial growth and germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in vitro inhibited 18 bacterial isolates. Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens isolates were found to be the most efficient ones, which significantly inhibited the mycelial growth by 68.1-83.1%, germination of sclerotia by 82.7-89.6% and suppressed disease incidence by 55.7-75% caused by S. sclerotiorum. In addition, the fungal mycelium close to the inhibition zone in dual culture was denser and darker in colour. B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens isolates caused significant morphological alterations in hyphae such as hyphal shrivelling and perforation close to the inhibition zone in dual culture. Significant suppression in the mycelial growth, sclerotial germination and disease incidence caused by endophytic bacterial isolates indicate that isolates of B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens could be considered as possible biocontrol agents against soil-borne fungal diseases.
Determination of Biocontrol Potentials of Endophytic Bacteria in Biological Control of Citrus Sour Rot Disease Caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii
(Univ Namik Kemal, 2022) Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Emine Mine; Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Sener
Citrus fruits are susceptible to postharvest decays caused by various pathogenic fungal disease agents. Citrus sour rot, caused by Geotrichum cirri-aurantii is one of the most important postharvest diseases of citrus fruits Although synthetic fungicides are commonly used to combat the disease, ineffectiveness of these applications as well as their harmful effects on human health and the environment have been reported in many studies recently. Biological control of postharvest diseases utilizing antagonistic bacteria has been explored in different host plant-pathogen interactions as a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides. In this study, biocontrol potentials of endophytic bacterial isolates, obtained from fruits, branch and leaves of healthy citrus trees, were investigated against Geotrichum citri-aurantii on petri plates (in vitro) and fruit tests (semi in vivo conditions). Among the 24 putative endophytic bacterial isolates isolated, sixteen different antagonist bacterial isolates were selected and assessed against mycelial growth inhibition of G. citri-aurantii in vitro studies. Among the bacterial isolates tested, Bacillus spp. isolates significantly inhibited mycelial growth of fungal agent by 59.5-78.6%. The highest mycelial growth inhibition was caused by B. subtilis CM8 (78.6%). Bacterial isolates of Acinetobacter johnsonii CT7, Erwinia herbicola CM5, Pseudomonas putida CL2, Pantoea agglomerans CM14, Acinetobacter lwoffii CP1 and Stenofrophomonas maltophilia CP3 failed to inhibit mycelial growth in dual culture assays. Antagonistic activities of bacterial isolates increased by the pre-incubation time before fungal inoculation. Bacterial isolates of Bacillus spp. caused considerably morphological changes such as vacuolation, shrivelling, swelling and lysis of hyphae close to inhibition zone. On artificially inoculated fruits, isolates of Bacillus spp. also found to suppressed disease incidence significantly by 56.7-83.3%. Due to strong antagonistic activities, isolates of Bacillus spp, tested in this study have the potential to be used as biofungicide for controlling post-harvest disease agent(s) of citrus fruits.
Determination of chemical component of essential oil of Origanum dubium plants grown at different altitudes and antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
(Wiley, 2022) Turkmen, Musa; Kara, Merve; Maral, Hasan; Soylu, Soner
The aim of this study was to determine effect of altitude on the yields, composition, and antifungal activities of the essential oil isolated from Origanum dubium plant populations collected at four different altitudes. The essential oil yield, the content of four compounds and antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were found to vary in relation to the different altitudes examined. According to the GC-MS analysis, carvacrol (46.51%-85.65%), linalool (0.24-48.37), p-cymene (1.89%-7.89%), and gamma-terpinene (0.28%-6.31%) were determined as major compounds of essential oils of the plants collected from different altitudes. Altitude seems one of the factors that affected the quantity and quality of the essential oil of O. dubium. A significant correlation between the amount of carvacrol, p-cymene, and antifungal activities was determined. The essential oil of plant having the highest content of carvacrol (85.65%) showed the strongest antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum at relatively very low concentration used (0.75 mu l petri(-1)). Practical applications The essential oil yields, the chemical compositions and antifungal activities against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were found to vary in relation to the altitudes where plants grown. Since the yield, chemical composition, and biological activities was affected, altitude seems to be an important factor that should be considered. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting antifungal activities of essential oil of Origanum dubium against devastating plant fungal disease agent S. sclerotiorum.
Determination of Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activities of Fennel and Laurel Essential Oil Mixtures Against Pestalotiopsis funereal
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Kara, Merve; Turkmen, Musa; Soylu, Soner
In this study, chemical compositions and antifungal activities of different blended essential oils obtained from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) were investigated against P funerea in vitro condit ions. (teal compositions of essential oils were determined using GC-MS analysis. Antifungal volatile phase effects of different concentrations of essential oils mixtures were determined on inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination in vitro conditions. The effect of most effective concentrations of essential oil mixtures on the morphology of fungal hypha and con idia were also investigated using light microscope. GC MS analysis of essential oils revealed that eucalyptol (52.88%) and trans-anethole (81.55%) were the major components of laurel and fennel essential oils. Individual use of fennel and laurel essential oils were found to completely inhibit mycelial growth at 20.0 and 25.0 mu l petri(-1) concentrations, respectively. Dual blending fennel/laurel essential oil mixtures showed synergistic antifungal activity on inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination. By blending fennel and laurel essential oils at. proportion of 3:1, antifungal activities were significantly increased that complete mycelial growth and conidial inhibition were recorded at. relatively lower concentration (10 mu l petri(-1)). Microscopic observations on hyphae, exposed to volatile phase of the most efficient concentrations of essential oil mixtures, revealed considerable structural deformations such as cytoplasmic coagulation, vacuolization and protoplast leakage from fungal hyphae and conidia. The results showed that blending of fennel and laurel essential oils. which have synergistic antifungal effects, might be used as an effective bio fungicide in management of fungal plant disease agents.
Determination of chemical compositions of rosemary and sweet marjoram essential oils and their blends and their antifungal potential against potato rubbery rot disease agent Geotrichum candidum
(Springer, 2024) Kara, Merve
In this study, the chemical compositions of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis Spenn.) and sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) essential oils, both individually and in various blend ratios, were investigated by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Their antifungal activities were also determined against the potato rubbery rot disease agent, Geotrichum candidum, under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Camphor (20.69%) and terpinen-4-ol (35.13%) were determined as primary constituents in rosemary and sweet marjoram essential oils, respectively. Sweet marjoram and rosemary essential oils completely inhibited mycelial growth of G. candidum at 55.0 and 65.0 mu L/Petri concentrations, respectively. Essential oils at these concentrations were found as fungicidal. Notably, a synergistic fungicidal antifungal effects were also observed in essential oil blends. Blend of sweet marjoram and rosemary essential oil in a 3:1 ratio (O75R25) significantly enhanced antifungal activity at the relatively lower concentration (45.0 mu L/Petri). Microscopic observations revealed structural deformations in exposed hyphae, including cytoplasmic coagulation and vacuolization. Essential oil blend (O75R25), sweet marjoram and rosemary essential oils completely inhibited the disease lesion caused by G. candidum on potato tubers at concentrations of 100.0, 125.0, and 150.0 mu L/L air, respectively. These findings emphasized that essential oil blends of rosemary and sweet marjoram have synergistic antifungal potential and can be used as effective biofungicides against plant fungal diseases.
Determination of Fungal and Bacterial Disease Agents on Significant Brassicaceous Vegetable Species Grown in Hatay Province
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Uysal, Aysun; Gumus, Yusuf; Soylu, Emine Mine; Kurt, Sener; Uremis, Ilhan
The Brassicaceae family, commonly known as the Cruciferae or mustard family, encompasses plant species of global economic significance, including oilseed crops, vegetables, as well as condiment purposes. Hatay is one of the most important provinces in Turkey where Brassicaceous vegetable crops are grown. This study aimed to identify the causative disease agents affecting Brassicaceous vegetables including cabbage (red and white varieties), broccoli, cauliflower, garden cress, rocket, and radish in the districts of Hatay Province where vegetable cultivation took place during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. Isolations from suspicious cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and radish plants exhibiting disease symptoms in the surveyed areas revealed the presence of various fungal disease agents, including Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium exquisite, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, , and Stemphylum sp. Furthermore, obligate oomycete pathogens such as Albugo lepidii, Albugo candida, , and Perofascia lepidii were detected with varying prevalence and incidence rates on leaves and stems of water cress, rocket, and radish plants. In addition to fungal pathogens, primary bacterial pathogens, including Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, , Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, , Pectobacterium parmentieri, Pseudomonas corrugata, , and Pseudomonas victoria, , were identified through morphological, biochemical, and pathogenicity tests, and MALDI-TOF analyses. Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacillus pumilus were also identified as opportunistic soft rot bacterial pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. exquisite, A. alternata, B. cinerea, Stemphylum sp., as fungal disease agents; P. parmentieri, P. corrugata, and P. victoria as primary soft rot bacterial disease agents; P. agglomerans, P. marginalis, P. fluorescens, E. cloacae, and B. pumilus as opportunistic secondary soft rot bacterial disease agents affecting different minor vegetables belong to Brassica spp, such as cabbage (red and white varieties), broccoli, cauliflower, radish, rocket, and garden cress, grown in Turkey.
Determination of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases Agents Encountered in Carrot Growing Fields in Amik Plain of Turkey
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Sener; Soylu, Emine Mine; Uremis, Ilhan; Sertkaya, Erdal
Carrot [Daucus carota L.] is one of the most consumed healthy vegetables worldwide due to its vitamins, amino acids and high nutritional content. Fungal and bacterial disease agents, encountered in the fields where carrots are grown in the Amik Plain of Hatay province, were determined during 2018-2019 growing season. Disease surveys were carried out at three different phenological stages of the plant. Different fungal and bacterial disease agents were isolated and subsequently identified from diseased leaves, stems and fruits. In addition to the disease symptoms in the form of transverse brown dry depressions on carrot fruits, from the brown-black spots on the leaves and stems, Alternaria dauci, A. alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, R. carotae, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Geotrichum candidum, Pythium spp., Fusarium bra. equiseti, F. proliferatum and F. solani species were obtained and identified as a result of molecular and MALDI-TOF protein profile analyzes as well as their morphological features. Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe heraclei was also determined in the surveyed area. By the bacterial isolates obtained from carrot showing soft rot symptoms, major soft rot disease agents, such as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pseudomonas corrugata and opportunistic soft rot disease agents, such as P. marginalis, P. fluorescens, P. mediterranea, P. veronii, Erwinia rhapontici, E. persicina, Enterobacter cloacae, Lelliottia amnigena, Rahnella aquatilis, Pantoea agglomerans, were identified by using MALDI-TOF analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which fungal disease agent Fusarium brachygibbosum and all soft rotting bacterial disease agents were determined at species level on carrot roots growing in Turkey.
Determination of Soil-Borne Fungi Observed in Some Nurseries
(Centenary University, 2021) Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Şener; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Soner; Soylu, Emine Mine
A total of 98 diseased seedlings of 14 different landscape plants were collected from Gaziantep forest nursery chief, Osmaniye forest nursery chief, Hatay Serinyol forest nursery chief and HMKU campus nursery. Soil-borne disease factors were identified in 81 of these samples. When morphological results are evaluated for the identification of these agents; disease agents from different hosts were identified as 12 of Ceratobacidium sp, 8 of Fusarium, 14 of Macrophomina, 13 of Rhizoctonia, 4 of Phytophthora, 10 of Dactylonectria, and the remaining 20 of Phoma, Pestalotiopsis, Diaporthe, Didymella, and Neopestalotiopsis. Within the scope of molecular studies, PCR studies were conducted with ITS1-4 primer and according to DNA sequencing results species level diagnoses were made. Representative of 16 isolates accession numbers are obtained from NCBI Gen bank library. Consequently, effective and sustainable implementation of all kinds of combat methods in nurseries, taking into consideration the health of the saplings, will have an important place in the protection of landscape areas. © 2021, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Determination of the Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Wood Vinegar (Pyroligneous Acid) Against the Onion Bulb Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium proliferatum
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Kara, Merve; Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. Mine; Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Şener; Türkmen, Musa
Wood vinegar, also known as pyroligneous acid (PA), is a liquid mixture with organic properties that results from the condensation of smoke produced by the charring or pyrolysis of wood and its residues during processing. The aims of this study were to determine the chemical composition and antifungal activity of three different PAs obtained from the pyrolysis of apricot kernels (AKPA), hazelnut shells (HSPA), and kermes oak (OPA) against Fusarium proliferatum. As a result of GC-MS analysis, o?guaiacol (18.98–26.18%), creosol (11.08–16.38%), syringol (6.35–8.67%), p?ethylguaiacol (5.53–10.04%), o?creosol (4.0–10.33%) and phenol (2.34–7.90%) were identified as the main constituents of the tested PAs. AKPA was the most effective PA among the tested treatments, with MIC values of 3.5?µl ml?1 for mycelial growth and 1.0?µl ml?1 for conidial germination. Of the treatments tested under in vivo conditions, AKPA completely inhibited disease incidence at a concentration of 7.5?µl g?1 soil. HSPA and OPA, on the other hand, significantly suppressed disease incidence at concentrations of 10.0?µl g?1and 12.5?µl g?1 soil, respectively. All PA samples with MIC values caused significant deterioration of the morphological structures of the fungal hyphae. Since PAs showed promising antifungal activities against F. proliferatum both in vitro and in vivo, they could be used as a cost-effective natural product as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic fungicides. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, part of Springer Nature.
Determinations of in vitro Antagonistic Effects of Microbiomes Isolated from Vermicompost Against Major Plant Fungal Disease Agents of Vegetables
(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2020) Soylu, Emine Mine; Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Kurt, Sener
In this study, in vitro antagonistic potentials of bacterial microbiomes, obtained from earthworm fertiliser, vermicompost, were investigated on inhibitions of mycelial growth of major foliar and soilborne fungal disease agents Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Botrytis cinerea, Verticilium dahliae. Total of 69 putative bacterial biocontrol agent (BCA) isolates were obtained from commercial vermicompost lots. Among them, 28 bacterial isolates (49.12% of total isolates) were inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum by 1.72-75.43%, M. phaseolina by 1.67-65.83%, B. cinerea by 3.44-57.18%, V dahliae by 2.28-58.74%, respectively. Majorities of bacterial isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. Certain isolates of Bacillus spp. have caused noticeable morphological changes on mycelia of S. sclerotiorum. Antagonistic potentials of bacterial isolates were found to increase by pre-incubation time prior the fungal inoculation. Due to high antagonistic properties, efficient isolates of Bacillus spp. may be used as biocontrol agent against soilborne diseases as an alternative to pesticides to promote organic and sustainable agriculture.
Disease prevalence, incidence, morphological and molecular characterisation of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae causing collar rot disease on peanut plants in Turkey
(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Ozkaya, Senem; Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Gumus, Yusuf; Soylu, Emine Mine; Teke, Ibrahim; Ozcan, Oktay Burak
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) holds significant commercial and dietary importance as a major source of edible oil and protein in Turkey. Stem, collar or root rot, caused by several fungal disease agent, are serious soil-borne diseases of peanut. Accurate and precise identification of the disease agent provides fundamental and precise information for integrated plant management. During the period from June to September 2021, symptoms consistent with collar rot disease, including dark-brown stem rot, chlorotic leaves, wilting, and eventual whole plant death, were observed on peanut plants cultivated in the different districts of Osmaniye Province of Turkey. The disease incidence ranged from 8.0 to 45.0% in the inspected fields with an average of 3.4% overall. Twenty-four single-spore representative isolates were obtained from surface-disinfected symptomatic tissues. Morphological characteristics of fungal mycelium, conidial and pycnidial structures on potato sucrose agar (PSA) and water agar (WA) closely resembled those described for Lasiodiplodia spp. All isolates caused typical collar rot symptoms upon artificial inoculation of peanut seedlings. Morphological identification of Lasiodiplodia spp. isolates was corroborated by MALDI-TOF and molecular analyses utilizing sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin 2 (tub2) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF1-alpha) loci. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the representative fungal isolates (MKUBK-B1 and MKUBK-K22) belong to Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of L. pseudotheobromae infecting peanut plants in Turkey. This work is expected to contribute to previously limited knowledge regarding the host range, incidence and prevalence of L. pseudotheobromae as a soilborne pathogen of peanuts. Due to the potential destructiveness and broad host range of this pathogen, it is essential to develop new strategies to establish more reliable, environmentally sustainable, and cost-effective management approaches for this disease.
The Effect of Different Weed Control Treatments On Pharmacological Components of Stigma Quality of Saffron and Diversity of the Microbial Population in Soil
(Springer, 2022) Asil, Hasan; Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Celik, Murat; Tasgin, Selim; Celik, Fatma; Uremis, Ilhan
A two-year study was conducted to determine the efficacy of weed control techniques on the stigma quality of saffron and the diversity of the microbial population in the soil from 2019 to 2021. Several weed control methods are applied to reduce weed competition in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) fields. The impact of fourteen different weed control treatments on the pharmacological components was determined by the GC-MS/MS and GC-MS FID analyses. The highest safranal content in the stigma was recorded from metribuzin treatment with 8.00 mg g(-1), and the lowest was in the pendimethalin + tepraloxydim treatment with 1.26 mg g(-1). The density of the total plant growth promoting bacterial population and the species were defined from the soil around the saffron corms grown in the plots that were applied to the soil treatments. The bacterial species, isolated from the soil samples, were identified using MALDI-TOF analysis. A total of 117 bacterial isolates were obtained from the samples at the root regions of saffron corms The bacterial richness was the highest in the soil sample taken from benfluralin applied with 13 isolates, textile mulch and metribuzin treatments with 12 isolates and sawdust (pine) + benfluralin treatment with 11 isolates. The results showed that the soil treatments used for weed control significantly affected the quality of the saffron stigma, number and population diversities of plant growth promoting endophytic/epiphytic bacteria in the soil and on the corm.
First report of bacterial shallow bark canker of walnut (Juglans regia) caused by Brenneria nigrifluens in Turkey
(Springer, 2021) Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Bozkurt, Imam Adem; Soylu, Emine Mine; Kurt, Sener; Uysal, Aysun
[Abstract Not Available]
First report of Diplodia seriata causing canker and dieback on hawthorn trees in Turkey
(Springer, 2022) Kurt, Sener; Uysal, Aysun; Soylu, Emine Mine; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Soner
[Abstract Not Available]