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    Genetic diversity and population structure in caprifigs (Ficus carica var. caprificus) using SSR markers
    (Spanish Natl Inst Agricultural & Food Research & Technolo, 2018) Caliskan, Oguzhan; Bayazit, Safder; Ilgin, Muruvvet; Karatas, Nesrin; Ergul, Ali
    Abundant wild and cultivated fig germplasm can be found in Turkey, a center of diversity for figs; however, many of these valuable genetic resources have not yet been identified or characterized using molecular markers. In the present study, microsatellite markers were used to characterize a set of 96 caprifig (Ficus carica var. caprificus) accessions from Turkey. The caprifig accessions showed considerable polymorphism with an average of 8.3 alleles per locus. The number of alleles per locus varied from three for the loci LMFC18 and LMFC23, to 14 for the loci FCUPO38-6 and FCUP008. Genetic distance values and cluster analyses revealed high genetic similarities, except for the reference group, among the caprifig groups. Factorial correspondence analysis also separated the caprifig groups, suggesting that caprifig populations from Turkey were unmixed, probably because of low gene flow; likely because gamplasm has not yet been moved among geographical areas and because many caprifig populations arose from propagation by seed. In our population structure analysis, the caprifig accessions could be grouped according to the regions from where they were sampled. Our molecular data revealed great genetic diversity within this caprifig germplasm. This genetically rich caprifig germplasm resource will be useful for both fig breeding programs and analysis of the complex genetic structure of figs that reproduce using various pollination strategies.
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    Morphological diversity of caprifig (Ficus carica var. caprificus) accessions in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey: Potential utility for caprification
    (Elsevier, 2017) Caliskan, Oguzhan; Bayazit, Safder; Ilgin, Muruvvet; Karatas, Nesrin
    The present study was carried out to determine the morphological and pollinizer characteristics of six standard cultivars and 90 caprifig accessions grown in eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The mamme, profichi and mammon crop sets of caprifigs were evaluated in 28 accessions and six standard cultivars in 2014 and 2015. The accessions Mersin06 and Osmaniye02 were found to be persistent and the remaining accessions were found to be caduceus. The dates on which the pollinator wasp Blastophaga emerged from profichi fruits ranged from 28 May to 07 July according to means of two years in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the number of gall flowers, male flowers and the number of viable pollen grains per fruit in caprifigs were strongly dependent on fruit size (dimensions and weight). Principle component analysis indicated that the number of gall flowers per fruit; date of emergence of the Blastophaga wasps from the fruit; duration of Blastophaga emergence, percentages of pollen viability and germination; and pollen number per anther, per flower and per fruit could be useful parameters for assessing whether caprifig accessions would be useful pollinizers. The early season accessions Hatay06, Adana03 and Adana12; the mid-season accessions Hatay22, Hatay35 and Kmaras05; and the late season accessions Hatay20, Hatay13 and Hatay19 scored the highest in overall quality using a weighted, ranked index. Our study demonstrated great morphological and pollinizer variability among the caprifig accessions, which makes them valuable genetic resources to incorporate into breeding programs in addition to their use for caprification.
  • Küçük Resim
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    Pollen morphology and variability of caprifig (Ficus carica var. caprificus) genetic resources in Turkey using multivariate analysis
    (Elsevier, 2021) Caliskan, Oguzhan; Bayazit, Safder; Kilic, Derya; Ilgin, Muruvvet; Karatas, Nesrin
    This research was carried out to determine pollen morphological characteristics of caprifig genetic resources known as gene center Anatolia. In this study, pollens from 24 individuals, including 20 caprifig genotypes sampled from the Adana, Hatay, Kahramanmaras, Mersin, and Osmaniye provinces in the eastern Mediterranean region, and four standard cultivars from Aydin in the Aegean region of Turkey were collected. Pollen size and shape, exine thickness, exine tissue, polar and equatorial views, numbers of porates and width, and colpus length and width were measured by using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polar length and equatorial diameter of pollens ranged from 9.99 to 12.60 mu m and 8.52 to 11.90 mu m, respectively. In 13 genotypes, the pollen shape was prolate-spheroidal, while in the others, it was subprolate. The mean number of porates was 1.92 to 2.56, with the double porate being the most common. All studied caprifigs had scabrate and psilate exine ornamentation. The highest abnormal pollen ratio was found in 'Ak.Ilek' (34.10%), whereas it was lowest in the Osmaniye10 (1.28%). According to the principal component analysis, polar length, equatorial diameter, colpus width, pollen shape, number of porates, porate width, exine thickness, and abnormal pollen ratio were the most important characteristics in the differentiation of caprifig genetic resources. These results showed that pollen morphology can be used to identify caprifigs, select caprifigs for caprification, and determine the paternal individuals for edible fig-breeding programs.