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Association between metabolic indicators and clinical endometritis during the transition period in Brown Swiss cows
(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2021) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Pekcan, Mert; Kaya, Ufuk; Kurt, Serdal; Kuplulu, Sukru; Kacar, Cihan
The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum macromineral, metabolite profiles, and the clinical endometritis during the transition period in Brown Swiss dairy cows. Sixty Brown Swiss dairy cows were used in the present study. Blood samples collected at d 10 (+/- 4) antepartum and 3, 10 and 30 (+/- 4) days in milk (DIM) to determine calcium (Ca), phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) concentration measured during the postpartum period. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the cow-level thresholds for the subsequent development of clinical endometritis. In addition, pairwise comparisons were made of the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves for the thresholds of NEFA, Ca, and glucose predicting clinical endometritis. The mean Ca concentration at 3 DIM was 8.85 +/- 0.20 mg/dL in healthy cows compared to 8.30 +/- 0.22 mg/dL in cows that subsequently developed endometritis (P < 0.05). NEFA concentrations at 10 DIM and BHB concentration at 10 and 30 +/- 4 DIM were higher (P < 0.05) in cows that subsequently developed endometritis. Serum NEFA concentration at 10 days postpartum is the best predictor for diagnosis of clinical endometritis with the AUC values of 0.741. The cows with clinical endometritis also had significantly higher values of glucose at 3 DIM and lower BCS at 10 DIM (P < 0.05). While 58.6% of the cows that developed clinical endometritis were cyclic, 64.5% were cyclic in healthy cows at 30 +/- 4 DIM. Serum NEFA concentration was the only risk factor for clinical endometritis at 10 DIM. In addition, a decrease in serum Ca at 3 DIM and increase in NEFA and BHB concentrations at 10 and 30 +/- 4 DIM may be associated with clinical endometritis and delayed resumption activity on the ovaries.
The Association of Intrauterine Antimicrobial Resistant Trueperella pyogenes with Cytological Endometrial Inflammation Status in Repeat Breeder Cows
(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2022) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mustak, Inci Basak; Unal, Gultekin; Kaya, Ufuk
This study describes the presence of Trueperella pyogenes from routine bacteriological examination, sequence analysis for antimicrobial resistance of the identified bacteria, and the association of T. pyogenes with cytological endometrial inflammation status in 32 repeat breeder cow enrolled in the study. Intrauterine samples for bacteriological examination were collected with cotton swabs; samples for subclinical endometritis were collected with cytotape technique. Antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antibiotics was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Presence of the tetW gene responsible for tetracycline resistance was detected by PCR. Subclinical endometritis, breed, parity, calving history, early postpartum uterine infection, ovarian tissue findings, and body condition score were analyzed as potential factors for T. pyogenes presence in repeat breeder cows. A total of 15 isolates were identified as T. pyogenes. These were combined to analyze the results by both biochemical and sequence analysis of the 16s rDNA gene. Subclinical endometritis was detected in 37.5% cows. The T. pyogenes strains were highly resistant (100%) to bacitracin, tetracycline, neomycin, and oxytetracycline. All tetracycline resistant T. pyogenes strains were positive for the tetW gene. The variables had no effect on the presence of T. pyogenes in the repeat breeder cows. In conclusion, intrauterine T. pyogenes presence was not associated with subclinical endometritis, although T. pyogenes was detected in the later stages of lactation.
Changes in serum total protein and immunoglobulin G concentrations and Brix percentages in neonatal Arabian foals from birth up to 21 days of age
(Elsevier, 2023) Akkose, Mehmet; Karabulut, Eren; Inal, Seref; Dik, Gurcan Cagdas; Ozbeyaz, Ceyhan; Kaya, Ufuk; Cam, Mustafa
The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and serum total protein (STP) concentrations and serum Brix percentages of neonatal Arabian foals during first 3 weeks of life. Blood samples were collected from 12 apparently healthy foals by jugular venipuncture at birth and at 12-hours, 24-hours, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 21 days of age. Serum IgG and STP concentrations and Brix percentages were measured by the radial immunodiffusion assay, and digital STP and Brix refractometers, respectively. Based on the serum IgG concentrations measured at 24 h, two foals were diagnosed with failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI). While IgG concentrations were determined using the data of foals with adequate transfer of passive immunity, other calculations were made using the data of all foals. The mean IgG concentration of the foals increased from birth (<200 mg/dl) to 12 (2068.5 mg/dl) and 24 h (2184.7 mg/dl), and progressively decreased up to 21 days of age (1318.5 mg/dl). The serum IgG concentrations at 12 h were highly correlated with each of the IgG concentrations measured over the 21-day period. The serum IgG and STP concentrations and Brix percentages of the foals diagnosed with FTPI at 12 h did not reach the adequate strata over time. These results suggest that foals can be reliably tested for passive immunity status at 12 h after birth.
Clinical success of clarithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin and doxycycline in dogs with infectious tracheobronchitis
(2023) Haydardedeoğlu, Ali Evren; Çolakoğlu, Ekrem Çağatay; Alihosseini, Hadi; Kaya, Ufuk
Canine infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB) is a highly contagious disease of dogs expressed with remarkable respiratory signs. Therapy with antibiotics in canine ITB still remains questionable. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical success of clarithromycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin and doxycycline in the treatment of canine ITB. Client-owned dogs with canine ITB signs (n=60) were enrolled in this prospective, controlled, and randomized blinded clinical trial. A computer-generated list randomization was employed to assign the dogs equally into the Group CLA: clarithromycin (25 mg/kg, PO), the Group AMX: amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (25 mg/kg, PO), the Group ENR: enrofloxacin (2.5 mg/kg, PO), and the Group DOX: doxycycline (5 mg/kg, PO). The administration of CLA alleviated the cough sign earlier than DOX. The recovery time of oculonasal discharge in group CLA were also earlier compared to the other groups. The tracheal sensitivity also disappeared earlier in the Groups CLA and AMX. In conclusion although there is no always statistically significance between groups, clarithromycin appears to be superior to other antibiotics suggesting that it can be the first antibiotic choice to alleviate the ITB signs in dogs.
Comparative evaluation of major milk quality parameters of Holstein and Simmental cows at different lactation stages under similar environmental conditions
(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2023) Kaya, Ufuk; Ozkan, Huseyin; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Camdeviren, Baran; Gungor, Guven; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, Sevda
The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and quality parameters of Simmental and Holstein cows' milk with different lactation stages under the same environmental conditions. Multiparous Holstein and Simmental cows from different lactation stages (n = 210) were included in the present study. MDA, SCC, composition, and fatty acid analyzes were performed from the collected milk samples. To determine the effect of breed, lactation stage and their interactions, linear mixed models were applied to these parameters. Among the breeds, only milk fat and pH were determined statistically significant as composition parameters. While C15:0 and C17:1 n8 were observed to be statistically significant for the breed factor, C18:2 n6 trans were statistically significant only for the lactation stage factor. Moreover, the fatty acids of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C16:0, C18:1 n9, C20:0 and C22:6 n3 were determined to be statistically significant in terms of interactions. For the fatty acid indices, SCFA, MCFA, n3 and n6/n3 were statistically significant in terms of interactions while SFA, MUFA, UFA and AI were statistically significant in terms of breeds. On the other hand, new studies are needed to investigate the differences between these breeds at the molecular level for milk quality and fatty acid synthesis.
Comparison of blood metabolites and GSH-Px, SOD, MDA levels as a predictor of pregnancy in primiparous cows after the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol
(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2022) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Kurt, Serdal; Terzi, Osman Safa; Kaya, Ufuk; Olgac, Kemal Tuna
The reactive oxygen species level and antioxidants have determinative roles in gamete development, steroid synthesis and fertilization. The objective of the current study was to compare some metabolic and antioxidant parameters in primiparous cows with and without pregnancy after the presynch-ovsynch protocol in the postpartum period. Sixty dairy cows were allocated to two groups according to their pregnancy status after timed artificial insemination following the presynch-ovsynch protocol. Blood samples were collected at the day of presynch-ovsynch protocol started, at AI and at pregnancy examination to determine glucose, urea, total protein, phosphorus and calcium, GSH-Px, SOD and MDA levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the cow-level thresholds for the subsequently pregnant. Moreover, pairwise comparisons were made of the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves for the thresholds of GSH-Px, SOD and MDA for identifying the cows most likely to conceive. The biochemical metabolites were in physiological ranges. Serum glucose concentration was greater at the beginning of presynch-ovcsynch in cows that became subsequently pregnant. An interaction was noted between group x time for serum SOD, MDA and GSH-Px levels. The MDA concentration was lower before the synchronization protocol in cows that became subsequently pregnant. Although GSH-Px concentration was greater, SOD was lower after the synchronization sampling time in cows that became subsequently pregnant. MDA and SOD concentrations changed over time in cows that became subsequently pregnant. MDA level at the beginning of synchronization was the best predictor for identifying the cows most likely to conceive with AUC values of 0.866. In conclusion, while presynchronization MDA and post synchronization SOD were lower, post synchronization GSH-Px were higher in pregnant cows. MDA level at the beginning of presynch-ovsynch was the only risk factor for pregnancy. Thus, MDA levels before the synchronization might be used as a biomarker for selecting the cows for presynch-ovsynch protocol.
Computer-aided three dimensional morphometric measurements of cervical vertebrae variations compared with manual measurements in throughbred horses
(2022) Bakıcı, Caner; Batur, Barış; Akgün, Remzi Orkun; Kaya, Ufuk; Ekim, Okan; Oto, Çağdaş; Hazıroğlu, Reşide Merih
Aim: The aim of this study was to create three-dimensional (3D) models of\reach cervical vertebra with computed tomography (CT) images; to determine\rthe morphometric parameters of each cervical vertebra with manual and\rdigital measurement methods; to compare the accuracy between the two methods.\rMaterials and Methods: The last five cervical vertebrae of four male thoroughbred\rhorses were used for morphometric analyses. All vertebrae were\rscanned with 256-multidetector CT device. 3D reconstructed models were acquired\rwith 3D slicer software. Twenty-three morphometric parameters were\rcalculated on 3D models and manually by using a digital caliper.\rResults: Measurement methods*Cervical vertebra interaction term was found\rstatistically significant for height of vertebra, external and internal width of\rthe cranial articular process, width of the vertebral fossa, height of transverse\rforamen, height of cranial and caudal vertebral notch, and width of the pedicle\r(p<0.001). The length of the vertebral body was decreasing from third to seventh\rcervical vertebra in both measurement methods but was not different\rbetween measurement methods*cervical vertebra interaction term (p=0.685).\rThis study provided detailed comprehensive morphometric data to compare\rcervical vertebrae among each other. The digital information gathered with 3D\rapproaches will give useful information for analysing anatomical variations.\rConclusion: These morphometric data cannot only contribute to anatomic investigations\rbut also provide database for surgical and orthopaedic researches\ror clinical interventions on this region of equine species.
Considering potential roles of selected MicroRNAs in evaluating subclinical mastitis and Milk quality in California mastitis test (+) and infected bovine milk
(Wiley, 2024) Ozkan, Huseyin; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Dalkiran, Sevda; Yuksel, Murat; Tek, Erhan; Yakan, Akin
This study investigates the relationships between subclinical mastitis and milk quality with selected microRNAs in cow milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT)-positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) samples were compared (Experiment I). Additionally, samples with CMT-positive but microbiological-negative, as well as positive for only Staphylococcus subspecies (Staph spp.) and only Streptococcus subspecies (Strep spp.) were examined (Experiment II). Four groups were formed in Experiment II: Group I (CMT and microbiological-negative) (n = 20), Group II (CMT-positive but microbiological-negative) (n = 10), Group III (Staph spp.) (n = 5), Group IV (Strep spp.) (n = 5). While electrical conductivity, somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated and miR-125b downregulated in the CMT-positive group in Experiment I. SCC and MDA were higher in CMT-positive groups. miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated in Groups III and IV. While miR-155 is upregulated, miR-125b downregulated in Group IV. Milk fat is positively correlated with miR-148a and miR-223. As miR-27a-3p positively correlated with SCC and MDA, miR-125b negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and SCC. miR-148a and MDA were positively correlated. miR-155 was correlated with fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose, and freezing point. miR-223 was positively correlated with SCC and miR-148a. Results particularly highlight miR-27a-3p and miR-223 as potential biomarkers in subclinical mastitis, especially those caused by Staph spp. and Strep spp., while miR-148a, miR-155, and miR-223 stand out in determining milk quality.
Determination of expression patterns of miR-26a, and preimplantation factor levels for early pregnancy detection in nulliparous and multiparous cows
(Wiley, 2024) Olgac, Kemal Tuna; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Tirpan, Mehmet Borga
For maximum productivity in a dairy farm, the earliest and the most accurate detection of pregnancy is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of expression patterns of miR-26a, and serum Preimplantation Factor (PIF) levels for pregnancy diagnosis during the early pregnancy in nulliparous and multiparous cows. A total of 60 cows (30 nulliparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows) were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected for miR-26a on days 8 and 16 (D8 and D16), and for the PIF on days 10 and 20 (D10 and D20) following insemination (D0). Pregnancies were determined by ultrasonography on the 28th day after insemination. Expression levels of miR-26a determined by qPCR. PIF levels were assessed by using commercial ELISA kits. All data were analyzed by using the MIXED procedure of SPSS. The expression levels of miR-26a were 6.64 folds higher on D16 in pregnant compared to non-pregnant multiparous cows (p < .05). On D8 and D16, miR-26a expression levels were found higher 13 folds in pregnant compared to non-pregnant nulliparous cows (p < .05). Additionally, miR-26a expressions were higher 5.42 folds (p < .05) on D8, 7.19 folds higher (p < .01) on D16 in pregnant nulliparous and multiparous cows, and were 6.30 folds higher (p < .001) on D8 and D16 according to non-pregnant animals. PIF levels were greater in pregnant animals (p < .05). Analyzing miR-26a on D8 might be considered as sufficient in nulliparous cows. Pregnancy detection in multiparous cows can be made on the 16th day with this method. Furthermore, PIF evaluations may be sufficient on D10 in multiparous cows. Besides, PIF levels and miR-26a expression levels might be used safely in field conditions and clinical applications.
Diagnostic accuracy of milk components for pregnancy diagnosis in mid and late lactation cows
(Croatian Dairy Union, 2023) Kaya, Ufuk; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Ozkan, Huseyin; Camdeviren, Baran; Gungor, Guven; Dalkiran, Sevda; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin
The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk components (fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity and pH) to observe the pregnancy status, and to determine the practical usage of these parameters as diagnostic biomarker of pregnancy status. In the present study, primiparous Holstein cows (n=133) were included in the mid and late lactation. Milk samples were collected in sterile tubes for SCC and milk components analysis. In each lactation period, SCC, milk yield and milk component parameters were analysed by Student's t test according to pregnancy status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the predictive threshold using SCC and milk component parameters to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. SCC levels were similar for all cows in the mid and late-lactation. In the mid lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were higher and milk yield, fat, freezing point and pH were lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). In the late lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were significantly higher and milk yield, fat and pH were significantly lower in pregnant pH were the best predictors for pregnancy diagnosis in mid-lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.840, 0.768, 0.780, 0.772, 0.693, 0.792, and 0.901 respectively. Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, electrical conductivity, and pH could be useful diagnostic tools for pregnancy determination in late lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.869, 0.684, 0.661, 0.689, 0.756, and 0.841 respectively. In conclusion, the milk components could be used as rapid, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the diagnosis of pregnancy status in primiparous Holstein cows.
Effects of clinoptilolite on heavy metal levels in milk, proinflammatory cytokine responses (IL-1? and IL-6) and oxidative stress in dairy cows
(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2022) Kurtdede, Efe; Kurtdede, Arif; Duru, Sibel yasa; Duru, Ozkan; Kara, Erdal; Aluc, Yasar; Kaya, Ufuk
The effects of clinoptilolite on milk copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and iron (Fe) concentrations, proinflammatory cytokine responses, oxidative stress status, whole blood cell counts and liver and kidney functions were investigated in dairy cows exhibiting no signs of any kind of toxicity. Clinoptilolite was added to the feed at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1) body weight in the clinoptilolitetreated group (n = 14), but was not added to the feed in the control group (n = 7). In the milk samples (n = 21) collected before the experiment, the Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Fe values were 0.021 +/- 0.020, 0.104 +/- 0.01, 3.42 +/- 0.32, <0.000, 0.56 +/- 0.34 ppm, respectively. At the end of the experiment (30th day), among the elements measured in milk samples collected from the clinoptilolite-treated group, only the Pb value (0.076 +/- 0.01) was lower than the 0-day value of the clinoptilolite-treated group (0.104 +/- 0.01) and the 30th-day value of the control group (0.105 +/- 0.01) was found to be statistically lower. Changes determined at the end of clinoptilolite application in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, glucose, urea and urine creatinine/urine total protein (uCr/uTP) values, which were interpreted as the effect of lead exposure before the trial, were evaluated as the positive effect of clinoptilolite. It was concluded that the addition of clinoptilolite to the feed in dairy cows caused a significant decrease in the amount of Pb in milk, and positive changes in the parameters related to oxidative stress in serum and in parameters related to renal function.
Effects of Food Restriction on PTGS2 and NRF2 Genes Expression Levels in Rat Testis
(2022) Özkan, Hüseyin; Dalkıran, Sevda; Karaaslan, İrem; Kaya, Ufuk; Alakuş, İbrahim; Çamdeviren, Baran; Yakan, Akın
This study aimed to investigate the effects of food restriction on oxidative status at the molecular levels of the testis in rats. A total of 16 male Wistar rats were allocated to two groups (n=8) and fed for four weeks. The first group was control (Cont) and consumed food and water ad libitum. The second one, food-restricted group (FR) was presented half of the regular consumption. But the water was presented ad libitum. The feeding period was maintained for four weeks. At the end of the feeding period, rats were euthanized by cardiac blood sampling under anesthesia. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in testis tissue were determined and calculated as nmol/mg protein. In addition, Prosta-glandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) genes expression levels were determined in testis tissue. While MDA and gene expression levels were found similar in groups, a positive correlation was found between PTGS2 and NRF2 genes (r=0.629; P<0.05). The molecular regulation of oxidative sta-tus was found strongly related with PTGS2 and NRF2 genes molecular activity in testis of rats. The obtained results were shown that the feeding period and restriction rate factors were mainly responsible for the oxidative status of testis tissue.
Effects of injectable trace element and vitamin supplementation during the gestational, peri-parturient, or early lactational periods on neutrophil functions and pregnancy rate in dairy cows
(Elsevier, 2021) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Pekcan, Mert; Kaya, Ufuk; Kuplulu, Sukru; Kacar, Cihan; Polat, Mert
The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of injectable trace element and vitamin combination on phagocytic, oxidative burst activity of neutrophils and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Cows were to assigned to the following groups: (1) injectable trace element supplementation (ITES, n = 44, containing zinc, manganese, copper, selenium); (2) injectable vitamin supplementation (VIT, n = 48, containing vitamins A, D-3, E); (3) ITES + VIT = 46); and (4) control (CON, n = 44). Cows were administered four injections between 230 and 260 days of the gestational period, on day of parturition, and 30 days postpartum. Neutrophil function was assessed at 10 days before and after calving. Phagocytosis was greater in cows of the ITES + VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05) while oxidative burst was similar among groups. There were greater non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in cows of the ITES+VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05). Cows supplemented with ITES+ VIT had less SOD activity than those supplemented with ITES or vitamin during the pre- to post-partum transition period (P < 0.05). The total odds of pregnancy were greater in cows supplemented with trace element and/or vitamin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of ITES and/or VIT resulted in an increased total pregnancy rate. Vitamin or trace element supplementation did not differ with the control group in both the prepartum and postpartum period for immune variables. There, however, was greater phagocytosis in cows supplemented with vitamin and trace elements during the prepartum period that might be related to metabolic-induced inflammation.
Effects of Oxidative Stress-Related Major Molecular Parameters on Milk Composition in Weaning Period of Damascus Goats [1]
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Dalkiran, Sevda; Karaaslan, Irem; Kaya, Ufuk; Camdeviren, Baran; Yuksel, Murat; Yakan, Akin
The weaning process in goat breeding is applied in various methods depending on the breeding administration. In this study, blood and milk samples have been collected from Damascus goats at the weaning day (postpartum 105th day-weaned day) and a week later (post-weaned day). In addition to determining cortisol and MDA in plasma, COX-2 and NFE2L2 activities have been investigated both mRNA and protein levels from leucocytes and plasma. Compositional parameters of milk have also been analyzed and the possible relations between studied parameters have been investigated. While expression levels of COX-2 and SCC of milk decreased, pH of milk was increased in post-weaned day samples. The MDA, FFDM, protein, lactose and freezing point were decreased in the post-weaned day. Milk fat was negatively correlated with NFE2L2, and milk protein had positively correlated with SCC and FFDM. On the other hand, lactose was positively correlated with FFDM and protein. In addition, most of the compositional parameters positively correlated with a freezing point; they were negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. According to the results obtained from the study, it is thought that the decrease in milk fat in goats may be an indicator of increased oxidative stress in lactating goats due to the increase in NFE2L2 protein, which has a central role in the antioxidant response.
Effects of propylene glycol used at different doses in Akkaraman lambs rations on metabolism-related parameters and liver gene and protein expression during different feeding periods
(Wiley, 2023) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Dalkiran, Sevda; Karaaslan, Irem; Unal, Necmettin
This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of propylene glycol (PG) over 60, 90, and 120 days in lambs. Seventy-two weaned male lambs were allocated into three groups: control (Con), PG1.5 (1.5 mL/kg live weight0.75), and PG3 (3 mL/kg live weight0.75). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and slaughter days. Biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, ALT, AST, LDH, BUN, and insulin) and gene and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c) in the liver were determined. Glucose in PG1.5 was increased on Day 60, while significant differences were observed in biochemical parameters except for insulin on the 60, 90, and 120 days. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, LDH, and BUN increased over time, while triglycerides decreased. DGAT1 gene and protein levels were lower, while SREBP-1c and PPAR gamma were higher in PG groups on Day 60. While SREBP-1c was lower in PG1.5, ChREBP was higher in PG3 on Day 90. PPAR gamma, DGAT1, and ChREBP were upregulated in PG3 on Day 120. Positive correlations were found between proteins. The long-term use of PG in lambs did not have detrimental effects on metabolism. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of PG in lambs, shedding light on its potential applications in lamb production.
The effects of the feeding duration of propylene glycol on major meat quality parameters and substantial proteins in the muscle of Akkaraman lambs
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, Sevda; Akcay, Aytac
In this study, the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on meat quality and molecular pathways related to energy metabolism in longissimus lumborum muscle on lambs were evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were divided into three groups consisting of 60th, 90th, and 120th of slaughter days. The dosage of the PG and slaughter days were the variables used in the study. Eight animals were slaughtered from each group on each day. The meat quality parameters (e.g., pH, protein, fatty acid profile) and IGF-1, IGFBP4, and DGAT1 (i.e., mRNA and protein levels) were evaluated. The pH 45 min post-slaughter was higher in PG groups on 120th day. On the 4th day after slaughter, the b value was the lowest in the PG3, while 7th day after slaughter it was highest in Con and PG3 on 90th day. The total n3 and n6 were lowest and the NV was highest on 120th day. The IGFBP4 was upregulated in the PG groups on all of the slaughter days. The DGAT1 was upregulated in the PG3 on the 90th day. The IGF-1, DGAT1, IGFBP4 protein levels were found to have increased in the PG3 on 90th day. The IGFBP4 was found to have decreased in the PG3 on 120th day. According to the results of the study, the oral administration of the PG at the 3 mL/kg live weight0.75 for at least 120 days may have positive effects on meat quality in lambs through the IGF-1, DGAT1, and IGFBP4 genes and the proteins encoded by these genes.
Effects of vitamin B1, vitamin E and selenium on pregnancy and blood metabolites profile during non-breeding season and early prediction of pregnancy by thermographic monitoring in Merino ewes
(Indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2020) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Olgac, Kemal Tuna; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Kaya, Ufuk; Yildirim, Merve Menekse; Bas, Bulent
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B compounds on serum metabolic profile and pregnancy rates (PR) during the non-breeding season in Merino ewes that were synchronized with progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). Thermographic monitoring of ewes on the last day of synchronization was successful in the early selection of ewes to be used in artificial insemination and its relationship with pregnancy outcomes. Cyclic and non-pregnant ewes (n=75) were randomly assigned to treatment (n=30) and control (n=45) groups. All animals were synchronized using PGF(2)alpha at day 0. progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponges for 14 days, eCG 48 h before sponge withdrawal and artificial insemination were carried out 43-45 h after sponge removal. Animals of treatment group (n=30) were administered (intramuscularly) with 1 mg sodium selenite, 60 mg vitamin E and 40 mg vitamin B-1 on two occasions, at the beginning of sponge insertion and following sponge removal. Blood samples were collected at sponge insertion and removal. Perianal and perivulvar areas were considered to evaluate the thermal pattern at day 0 and 14 using a thermo camera. Overall, 90.6% of ewes exhibited estrus in response to the synchronization protocol. Ewes of treatment group showed greater PR as compared to that of control group (70.3% vs 56%). Perivulvar temperature was influenced by time only. At the time of sponge removal, perivulvar temperatures were significantly lower in pregnant ewes than in non-pregnant animals. In conclusion, injectable selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B-1 compounds increased PR after synchronization protocol and thermographic evaluation that was performed on the last day of synchronization could be used for very early prediction of pregnancy.
Evaluation of hepatokines, proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and energy related metabolism analytes and hematological parameters in dairy cows with placental retention
(2021) Bayraktar, Bülent; Kara, Erdal; Elifoğlu, Taha Burak; Kaya, Ufuk
Aim: To investigate the serum levels of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1?), IL-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and energy-related metabolism analytes and hematological parameters in cows with placental retention (PR). Materials and Methods: In the presented study, blood samples were taken from the coccygeal veins of 10 cows with PR and 10 healthy control cows. All of the samples were analyzed to determine the serum glucose, unesterified fatty acid (NEFA), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), SOD, and MDA levels. Blood serum hepatokines, ANGPTL4, FGF21 levels, proinflammatory cytokine response parameters, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 levels were evaluated. Results: As a result, the increase in serum AST (p < 0.05) indicated altered liver function. During negative energy balance, the serum NEFA levels (p < 0.05) increased, and serum HDL levels (p < 0.05) decreased as indicators of an increased risk of metabolic pathology. Increases in the serum ANGPTL4, FGF21, CRP, and SOD (p < 0.001) and IL-6, MDA, creatine kinase levels (p < 0.05) were evaluated as indicators of the development of effective metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress. The monocyte count was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the cows with PR. Conclusion: It was concluded that significant increases in the serum ANGPTL4 and FGF2 levels were associated with energy balance, effective cytokine responses, and oxidative stress in dairy cows with PR.
Evaluation of relationships between dogs and owners: the Turkish translation, reliability and validity study of cat/dog owner relationship scale (C/DORS)
(2022) Kaya, Ufuk; Özen, Doğukan; Gürcan, İsmayil Safa; Yazlık, Murat Onur; Kösem, Selim
Aim: The aim of this study was to translate the cat/dog owner relationship scale (C/DORS), which can be used to assess the quality of relationships between dogs and their owners, into Turkish and to evaluate relationship quality across different demographic variables in Turkey. Materials and Methods: An expert team translated the cat/dog owner relationship scale (C/DORS) from its original language of English into Turkish. Information was collected from dog owners who volunteered to participate in the study via a scale. The dog owners' gender, educational status, and financial level were also collected. The validity and reliability of the scale were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis. Results: The initial statistical analyses revealed that factor analysis could be used on the scale (Bartlett’s sphericity test, p<0,001) and that the sample size was adequate (KMO test=0,619). The total variance explained by the scale that has three subscales as perceived emotional closeness, pet-owner interaction and perceived cost was found to be 43,90%. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.844. It was observed that the subscale scores of the scale were at similar levels in terms of gender (p>0,05) and income statue (p>0,05). Perceived cost subscale score was statistically significant in terms of educational status (p<0,05). Conclusion: It is thought that this scale, that has been adapted into Turkish and whose validity-reliability has been determined, is the first scale that can measure dog-owner relationships in Turkey. In addition, this study will encourage the examination of pet-human relationships in Turkey through with scale development and adaptation studies.
The evaluation of SIRS status with hemato-biochemical indices in bitches affected from pyometra and the Usefulness of these indices as a potential diagnostic tool
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mutluer, Ipek; Yildirim, Mehmet; Kaya, Ufuk; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Vural, Mehmet Rifat
The aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the hemato-biochemical indices to determine the severity of inflammation caused by pyometra, and to determine the practical usage of the indices as a diagnostic biomarker in cases of pyometra. Animals that were admitted to Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic were included in the present study. Dogs suffering from pyometra were allocated to two groups according to their SIRS status (SIRS, n = 12; Non-SIRS (NSIRS, n = 16)). Healthy dogs presented for routine ovariohysterectomy were used as the control (n = 13). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hema-tological analysis and without anticoagulant for biochemical tests before the beginning of treatment. Hemato-biochemical indices, which are Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Neutrophil Percentage-Albumin Ratio (NPAR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, were calculated. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of the SPSS. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine the dog level threshold for evaluating the SIRS status and used to determine a predicted threshold with hemato-biochemical indices for differentiation between dogs with pyometra (regardless of SIRS status) and the control. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of SII, NLR, PLR, MLR, NPAR. White blood cells, lymphocytes, monocyte, neutrophil, ALP, NLR, MLR, and NPAR levels were greater in dogs that suffer from SIRS (P < 0.05). Red blood cells and hematocrit levels were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Albumin levels were higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, NLR, MLR and NPAR levels were found to be significantly higher in the SIRS group (P < 0.05). Besides, NLR and MLR were the best predictors for diagnosis of the SIRS with the AUC values of 0.936, and 0.966 respectively. Furthermore, NLR, MLR and SII could be a useful diagnostic tool for pyometra with the AUC values of 0.955, 0.931, 0.716. The blood indices could be used as fast, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the SIRS status in dogs with pyometra together with diagnosis.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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