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    Investigating virulence factors of clinical Candida isolates in relation to atmospheric conditions and genotype
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Inci, Melek; Atalay, Mustafa Altay; Koc, Ayse Nedret; Yula, Erkan; Evirgen, Omer; Durmaz, Suleyman; Demir, Gonca
    Aim: To investigate some virulence factors in Candida species isolated from patients with suspected invasive fungal infection and to identify their relationship with Candida genotypes. Materials and methods: Overall 45 isolates (20 Candida albicans and 25 non-albicans Candida spp.) genotyped by rep-PCR were included in this study. Virulence factors were studied in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In isolates, egg yolk agar was used for determining phospholipase activity, while bovine serum albumin agar was used for proteinase activity, Tween-80 medium for esterase activity, and Sabouraud dextrose agar with sheep blood for hemolysin activity. Biofilm formation was detected by the microplate method. Results: In both Candida spp., it was found that hemolytic activity and proteinase activity were higher in aerobic conditions, whereas biofilm formation was higher in anaerobic conditions. It was also found that phospholipase and esterase activity were only detected in C. albicans isolates, which were found to be higher in aerobic conditions. No difference was found in virulence factors evaluated among the C. albicans genotypes. Conclusion: The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere may affect the virulence of Candida spp. Further comprehensive studies are needed in order to identify the relationship between Candida genotypes and virulence factors.
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    Öğe
    Usefulness of (1?3)-b-D glucan in early diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: A case report
    (EDIMES Edizioni Medico Scientifiche, 2014) Atalay, Mustafa Altay; Koc, Ayse Nedret; Kaynar, Leyla Gul; Inci, Melek; Tekinsen, Fatma Filiz Kasap; Eser, Bulent
    Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniae (PJP) may be difficult to diagnose. Since pneumocystis cannot be cultured, the diagnosis of PJP requires microscopic examination to identify pneumocystis from induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In order to evaluate the usefulness of (1{squared times}3) ß- D-glucan (BDG) levels in the early diagnosis of PJP, we describe the case of PJP in a 25-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) admitted to hospital with progressive dyspnea and fever with chills. The patient was not infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Sputum, blood, and urine cultures were negative; smears for acid-fast bacilli and tests for viral antibodies were both negative. The microbiology study of the BAL with Giemsa and immunofluorescence staining, seven days after admission showed the existence of P. jiroveci in the lungs. Further, one day and five days after admission, (1{squared times}3) ß-D-glucan (BDG) levels were very high. The high serum level of BDG considerably decreased after treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMPSMX) and the clinical condition of the patient increasingly improved.