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Öğe Amino acid, mineral, condensed tannin, and other chemical contents of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) processed via solid-state fermentation using selected Aspergillus niger strains(Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Agronomia Ingenieria Forestal, 2018) Altop, Aydin; Coskun, Isa; Filik, Gokhan; Kucukgul, Altug; Bekiroglu, Yeliz Genc; Cayan, Huseyin; Gungor, EmrahThe present study aimed to examine the effects of solid-state fermentation (SSF) using selective A. niger strains on the amino acid, mineral, condensed tannin, and other chemical contents of olive leaves. The dried samples were divided into nonfermented (C) and fermented (F) olive leaves, and the latter were fermented by the following A. niger strains: ATCC (R) 9142 (TM) (F1),ATCC (R) 200345 (F2), ATCC (R) 52172 (TM) (F3), and ATCO (R) 201572 (TM) (F4), with three replicates for each treatment. Group F4 presented the best results, although all fermented groups generally presented higher performance than C. The total content of amino acids of the fermented olive leaves increased by 68-209% in comparison to that of C, while the cellulose content of the fermented olive leaves decreased by 7-25%. The ash, crude protein (CP), and ether extract (EE) contents increased after fermentation, but the crude fiber (CF) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents decreased. The content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) did not change, but acid detergent fiber (ADF) varied among the groups. The starch and sugar contents of all fermented groups except F1 also decreased compared to those of C. The mineral contents increased in all fermented groups, and the condensed tannin content varied according to the A. niger strain used. Thus, olive leaves fermented with different A. niger strains, especially F4, seem to have considerable potential as ruminant feed, as they are enriched with amino acids and minerals and have an improved chemical composition. However, these results should be supported and validated by animal experiments.Öğe Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Gallic acid in Japanese quails induced by oxidative stress(Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Isgor, Mehmet Mustafa; Kucukgul, Altug; Alasahan, SemaGallic acid is a phenolic compound found in many plant sources with strong antioxidant activity. In this study, the bioactivity of Gallic acid was investigated in Japanese quails induced by oxidative stress. The study was performed on four groups of 40-day-old male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Oxidative stress was created for 1 week by adding 0.5% hydrogen peroxide. The study was terminated by administering 100 mg center dot kg(-1) body weight Gallic acid intraperitoneally. Total antioxidant and total oxidant level analyzes from liver tissue homogenates were performed using a ready-made commercial kit. TNF-alpha levels from blood samples taken for anti-inflammatory activity were investigated by ELISA method. There were no statistically significant results on live weight gain between the experimental groups and control group. However, Gallic acid in liver homogenates together with H2O2 increased total antioxidant state (TAS) compared to H2O2 application, while it decreased total oxidant state (TOS) in the same groups. Moreover, while the oxidative stress index increased in the H2O2 group, it decreased significantly in both the Gallic acid and Gallic acid + H2O2 groups. Gallic acid application also caused regression in blood TNF-alpha expression levels, which were increased by H2O2. In quails, Gallic acid showed antioxidant activity by increasing TAS levels and decreasing TOS levels, providing a significant decrease in oxidative stress index. It also provided anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing TNF-alpha levels. However, advanced molecular analyzes are needed to obtain more detailed information on the subject.Öğe Antioxidant effects of oleuropein on hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal stress-an in vitro study(Bentham Science Publishers, 2020) Kucukgul, Altug; Isgor, Mehmet M.; Duzguner, Vesile; Atabay, Meryem N.; Kucukgul, AzimeBackground: Persistent oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation and mediate most chronic diseases including neurological disorders. Oleuropein has been shown to be a potent antioxidant molecule in olive oil leaf having antioxidative properties. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oleuropein against oxidative stress in human glioblastoma cells. Methods: Human glioblastoma cells (U87) were pretreated with oleuropein (OP) essential oil 10 µM. After 30 minutes, 100 µM H2 O2 was added to the cells for three hours. Cell survival was quantified by colorimetric MTT assay. Glutathione level, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were determined by using specific spectrophotometric methods. The relative gene expression level of iNOS was performed by qRT-PCR method. Results: According to viability results, the effective concentration of H2 O2 (100µM) significantly decreased cell viability and oleuropein pretreatment significantly prevented the cell losses. Oleuropein regenerated total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels decreased by H2 O2 exposure. In addition, nitric oxide and total oxidant capacity levels were also decreased after administration of oleuropein in treated cells. Conclusion: Oleuropein was found to have potent antioxidative properties in human glioblastoma cells. However, further studies and validations are needed in order to understand the exact neuroprotective mechanism of oleuropein. © 2020 Bentham Science Publishers.Öğe Apoptotic effects of artificial feed supplemented with Thymus vulgaris on Oncorhynchus mykiss against Yersinia ruckeri(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2017) Kucukgul, Altug; Kucukgul, AzimeChemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS, and found to contain the phenol (40.95 %) as major component. Results showed that Y. ruckeri (3 x 10(7)cfit fish(-1)) infection caused the characteristic symptoms on rainbow trout (petechial hemorrhages on the surface of body and liver). Y. ruckeriinducedinhibitions of Cas-3, Cas-8, p53 and HSP-70. After the administration of thyme essential oil (10 mg kg(-1) diet) to infected fish tissues, Cas-3, Cas-8, p53 and HSP-70 mRNAs were up-regulated by 9.31, 9.18, 9.58, and 6,1 fold change, respectively. According to the results of the study, the inhibitions seen all analyzed genes were due to Y. ruckeri infection. However, they were entirely increased by thyme treatment. Thus, targeting proapoptotic proteases by agents such as T. vulgaris could improve therapeutic options for infectious disease in fish.Öğe Beneficial effects of nontoxic ozone on H2O2-induced stress and inflammation(Canadian Science Publishing, 2016) Kucukgul, Altug; Erdogan, Suat; Gonenci, Ramazan; Ozan, GoncaIn this study, the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy of ozone oxidative preconditioning (OOP) were investigated on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced human lung alveolar cells. In MTT and trypan blue viability tests, while 100 mu mol/L H2O2 caused a 17.3% and 21.9% decrease in the number of living cells, respectively, ozone at 20 mu mol/L regenerated cell proliferation and prevented 9.6% and 11.0% of cell loss, respectively. In addition, H2O2 decreased the transcription levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 5.43-, 2.89-, and 5.33-fold, respectively, while it increased Bax, NF-kappa beta, TNF-alpha, and iNOS expression 1.57-, 1.32-, 1.40-, and 1.41-fold, respectively. Ozone pretreatment, however, increased CAT, GPx, and SOD transcription levels 7.08-, 5.17-, and 6.49-fold and decreased Bax, NF-kappa beta, TNF-alpha, and iNOS transcriptions by 1.25-, 0.76-, 3.63-, and 7.91-fold, respectively. Moreover, intracellular glutathione (GSH) level and SOD activity were decreased by 46.2% and 45.0% in the H2O2 treatment group, and OOP recovered 58.5% and 20.1% of the decreases caused by H2O2. H2O2 also increased nitrite levels 7.84-fold, and OOP reduced this increase by half. Consequently, OOP demonstrated potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on in vitro model of oxidative stress-induced lung injury.Öğe Cisplatin reduces Brucella melitensis-infected cell number by inducing apoptosis, oxidant and pro-inflammatory cytokine production(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2010) Erdogan, Suat; Tosyali, Eda; Duzguner, Vesile; Kucukgul, Altug; Aslantas, Ozkan; Celik, SefaBrucella species are able to survive and replicate within the phagocytic cells and cause chronic infections in domestic animals and humans. Modulation of programmed cell death by Brucella spp. may be one of the reasons of the chronicity of the infection. In this study, whether cisplatin treatment, an apoptotic anticancer agent, would enhance the host resistance against Brucella melitensis-infected human macrophage-like cells was investigated. The infection neither induced inflammation nor oxidative stress. But, Brucella caused a decrease in infected macrophage viability of 36% at 48 h postinfection (p.i.) as compared with uninfected cells. Treatment of infected macrophages with 20 mu M cisplatin for 48 h caused a large increase in nitric oxide (NO) levels in a time-dependent manner via induction of iNOS transcription. Cisplatin also enhanced glutathione peroxidase, myeloperoxidase and xanthine oxidase activities, providing evidence of generation of reactive free radicals. N-acetylcysteine was able to decrease cisplatin-induced NO, and prevented the agent-induced apoptosis, similar to effects found in L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) treatment. Cisplatin stimulated inflammation through the induction of TNF-alpha and IL-12 secretion, and down-regulated Brucella-stimulated IL-10 transcription. The number of infected cells and their viability were decreased by 80% at 48 h p.i. by cisplatin in comparison with infected cells. Similar to this result, cisplatin treatment resulted in reduced intracellular CFU of B. melitensis being reduced by 80% at 48 h p.i. These findings demonstrate that pharmacological agents such as cisplatin may be considered to influence immune responses and apoptosis to help decrease Brucella-infected cell number. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe EFFECT OF GARLIC POWDER ON EGG YOLK AND SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND PERFORMANCE OF LAYING HENS(Natl Veterinary Research Inst, 2009) Canogullari, Sibel; Karaman, Mesut; Erdogan, Zeynep; Baylan, Mikail; Kucukgul, Altug; Duzguner, Vesile; Ozugur, Ali KemaliThe potential influence of dietary garlic powder on egg yolk and serum cholesterol concentrations, overall performance, and egg traits in laying hens was evaluated. One hundred and forty, 50-week-old, Hy-line white layers were allocated to four dietary groups. Each group comprised seven replicates of five layers in groups of four. The diets were supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, and 2% garlic powder for 12 weeks. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among the groups in feed consumption and feed efficiency. Egg production increased in the 0.5 and 1% garlic powder supplemented groups compared with the control group and in the 2% garlic powder supplemented group (P<0.05). The supplementation of garlic powder had no significant effects (P>0.05) on egg yolk index and egg yolk weight. However, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the egg albumen index, egg shell index, and egg Haugh unit. The egg yolk cholesterol concentration decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of garlic powder. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations also decreased linearly (P<0.05), with increasing levels of dietary garlic powder. Plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations dropped by 14.45%, 21.76%, and 33.24% in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2%,garlic powder supplemented groups, respectively. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were not influenced by dietary garlic powder. The results of this study demonstrate that garlic powder addition decreased egg yolk cholesterol and plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations.Öğe Effect of garlic powder on egg yolk and serum cholesterol and performance of laying hens(2009) Canogullari, Sibel; Karaman, Mesut; Erdogan, Zeynep; Baylan, Mikail; Kucukgul, Altug; Duzguner, Vesile; Ozugur, Ali KemaliThe potential influence of dietary garlic powder on egg yolk and serum cholesterol concentrations, overall performance, and egg traits in laying hens was evaluated. One hundred and forty, 50-week-old, Hy-line white layers were allocated to four dietary groups. Each group comprised seven replicates of five layers in groups of four. The diets were supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, and 2% garlic powder for 12 weeks. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences among the groups in feed consumption and feed efficiency. Egg production increased in the 0.5 and 1% garlic powder supplemented groups compared with the control group and in the 2% garlic powder supplemented group (P<0.05). The supplementation of garlic powder had no significant effects (P>0.05) on egg yolk index and egg yolk weight. However, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the egg albumen index, egg shell index, and egg Haugh unit. The egg yolk cholesterol concentration decreased (P<0.05) with the addition of garlic powder. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations also decreased linearly (P<0.05), with increasing levels of dietary garlic powder. Plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations dropped by 14.45%, 21.76%, and 33.24% in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2% garlic powder supplemented groups, respectively. Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were not influenced by dietary garlic powder. The results of this study demonstrate that garlic powder addition decreased egg yolk cholesterol and plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations.Öğe Effect of lycopene administration on plasma glucose, oxidative stress and body weight in streptozotocin diabetic rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Duzguner, Vesile; Kucukgul, Altug; Erdogan, Suat; Colik, Sefa; Sahin, KazimTo evaluate the role of lycopene, a carotenoid antioxidant, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, 12 female rats received a single intraperitonial injection of STZ at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight of which 6 were given 10 mg/kg lycopene orally (test group) once daily for 21 days. The administration of STZ caused a significant increase in plasma glucose and decrease in body weight. The supplementation of lycopene significantly reduced diabetic plasma glucose level by 25% and prevented body weight loss starting from 14(th) day of lycopene administration. Although tissue lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide (NO) levels were unchanged, lycopene administration significantly reduced diabetes-elevated lipid peroxidation and NO in plasma. It was concluded that lycopene supplementation may be valuable for correcting hyperglycemia and preventing diabetic complications caused by lipid peroxidation and free radicals.Öğe Effect of Seed Powder of a Herbal Legume Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) on Growth Performance, Body Components, Digestive Parts, and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicks(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2013) Duru, Metin; Erdogan, Zeynep; Duru, Asuman; Kucukgul, Altug; Duzguner, Vesile; Kaya, D. Alpaslan; Sahin, AhmetThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Trigonella foenum-graceum L. seed powder (TFGSP) on growth performance, blood glucose, protein and lipid profile of broilers (Ross-308). One hundred ninety two, 1-d old mixed sex broiler chicks were allocated to 5 dietary treatments in which 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g TFGSP doses per kg commercial broiler diet were added for a period of 42 days. The results showed that body weight and the breast weight decreased after TFGSP treatment compared to control (P<0.05). Feed intake decreased after 5 g TFGSP treatment while 40 g TFGSP treatment decreased feed efficiency and leg weight compared to control (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in weights of digestive system parts, except duodenum weight and lipid oxidation between control and treatment groups. A 20 g TFGSP treatment enhanced blood glucose level (P<0.01), but decreased triglyceride level (P<0.01) compared to control. At 40 g TFGSP the blood cholesterol decreased (P<0.05) but LDL level increased compared to control (P<0.01). In conclusion, TFGSP addition to broiler diet decreased appetite and, consequently, reduced growth performance, more likely, attributting to the enhanced blood glucose level.Öğe İn Vitro Lipopolisakkarit Uyarımlı Karaciğer Yangı Modelinde Alfa-Terpineol’ün Etkinliğinin Araştırılması(2022) Tuncer, Ayse Pinar; Kucukgul, Altug; İşgör, Mehmet MustafaTerpinoller monoterpen bileşikler olup, birçok çalışmada antioksidan özelliklerinden dolayı antikanser, antikonvülsant ve antiülser gibi biyolojik etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmanın amacını, LPS’in karaciğer hücrelerine uygulanarak oluşturulan yangı modelinde, ?-terpineol’ün antiinflamatuar ve antiapoptotik biyofonksiyonlarının araştırılması oluşturmuştur. Denemede insan orijinli HepG2 (ATCC® HB-8065) hücreleri materyal olarak seçilmiştir. LPS ve ?-terpineol, hücrelere farklı konsantrasyonlarda 24 saat uygulanmıştır ve etkin konsantrasyonları, hücre canlılık testleriyle (MTT) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonrasında, TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-10, Kaspaz 3, Bax ve Bcl-2 gen ekspresyon düzeyleri tam zamanlı kantatif polimeraz zincir reaksiyonuyla (qRT-PCR) araştırılmıştır. LPS’in 50 ng/ml konsantrasyonu %11,5 oranında hücre kayıplarına neden olduğu belirlenmiş ve modelleme için bu konsantrasyon seçilmiştir. Ancak, 10 ?M konsantrasyonda ?-terpineolün hücre kayıplarını % 2.12 oranında önlediği bulunmuştur. Çalışmada, LPS’in TNF-? ve IL-1? gen ekspresyonlarını arttırdığı, ?-terpineol uygulamasının ise bu durumu tersine çevirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yine, IL-10 gen ekspresyonu yüksek LPS konsantrasyonu ile baskılanırken, ?-terpineol tarafından anlamlı düzeyde uyarıldığı da ortaya konulmuştur. Bununla birlikte, LPS’in kaspaz 3 ve Bax gen ekspresyonlarını arttırdığı, ancak ?-terpineol’ün bu stimülasyonu baskıladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bcl-2 gen ekspresyonları ise LPS tarafından baskılanırken, ?-terpineol tarafından uyarıldığı bulunmuştur. Özetle, ?-terpineol’ün kısa süreli ve düşük olan proliferatif konsantrasyonunun özellikle patojen kaynaklı karaciğer rahatsızlıklarında alternatif bir tedavi ajanı olabileceği görülmüştür.Öğe Influence of eggshell colour on egg yolk antibody level, incubation results, and growth in broiler breeders(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2017) Baylan, Mikail; Celik, Ladine Baykal; Akpinar, Gulsen Copur; Alasahan, Sema; Kucukgul, Altug; Dogan, Sibel CanogullariThis study was performed to determine the effect of shell colour in eggs acquired from Ross-308 broiler breeders on the interior and exterior quality of the egg, the antibody content of the egg yolk, and growth performance. The shell colours of a total of 1350 eggs were classified, using a colorimeter, into three groups: dark (E < 64), medium (E: 64.00-67.00), and light (E > 67). The difference between groups with respect to egg weight, shape index, shell weight, and Haugh unit value was significant. Egg yolk antibody content (IgY) was 6.658 mg/mL in the dark colour group, 5.130 mg/mL in the medium colour group, and 5.242 mg/mL in the light colour group. Among incubation characteristics, the fertility rate as, in order, 94.66%, 92.14%, and 87.92% in dark, medium, and light shell colour eggs, and the hatchability was 87.00%, 84.28%, and 80.57%, in the same order. No significant difference was observed between groups with respect to hatchability of fertile eggs and embryonic mortality rates. No significant difference was observed between groups for live weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio either. The eggshell colour has an effect on yolk antibody content and on the hatchability, but it has no influence on hatchability of fertile eggs, Haugh unit and growth performance.Öğe Inhibition of cigarette smoke induced-inflammation and oxidative damage by caffeic acid phenethyl ester in A549 Cells(BRNSS Publication Hub, 2016) Kucukgul, Altug; Erdogan, SuatIntroduction: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on human lung epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Materials and Methods: Human alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to CS and treated with various concentrations of CAPE for 24 h, and their effective concentrations were identified by cell viability assay (MTT). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of CAPE on nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-?? (NF-??) protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Furthermore, caspase 8 gene expression level was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Low concentration CAPE pretreatment rescued 52% of CS-exposed A549 cells from death. CS upregulated gene expression level of caspase 8 by 4.28 fold. However, 2.5 ?M CAPE pretreatment increased caspase 8 level by 52%. CS exposure also elevated NF-?? (p65) protein level by 70%, however, CAPE pretreatment significantly reversed this activation. While CS exposure decreased Nrf2 protein levels by 48% as compared with the control group, CAPE pretreatment increased Nrf2 protein level two folds approximately according to CS group. Discussion: CAPE markedly decreased inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB and increased antioxidant response element Nrf2 protein expression levels in CS-exposed human alveolar cells. According to the data obtained from this study, CAPE could be used as a strategic alternative to support treatment of inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced lung diseases.Öğe Inhibition of Cigarette Smoke Induced-inflammation and Oxidative Damage by Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in A549 Cells(Asian Journal Pharmaceutics, 2016) Kucukgul, Altug; Erdogan, SuatIntroduction: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on human lung epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). Materials and Methods: Human alveolar epithelial A549 cells were exposed to CS and treated with various concentrations of CAPE for 24 h, and their effective concentrations were identified by cell viability assay (MTT). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of CAPE on nuclear erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-kappa beta) protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Furthermore, caspase 8 gene expression level was analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Low concentration CAPE pretreatment rescued 52% of CS-exposed A549 cells from death. CS upregulated gene expression level of caspase 8 by 4.28 fold. However, 2.5 mu M CAPE pretreatment increased caspase 8 level by 52%. CS exposure also elevated NF-kappa beta (p65) protein level by 70%, however, CAPE pretreatment significantly reversed this activation. While CS exposure decreased Nrf2 protein levels by 48% as compared with the control group, CAPE pretreatment increased Nrf2 protein level two folds approximately according to CS group. Discussion: CAPE markedly decreased inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB and increased antioxidant response element Nrf2 protein expression levels in CS-exposed human alveolar cells. According to the data obtained from this study, CAPE could be used as a strategic alternative to support treatment of inflammatory and oxidative stress-induced lung diseases.Öğe Investigation of neuroprotective and therapeutic effects of hesperidin in experimental spinal cord ınjury(Buluş Tasarım ve Matbaacılık Hizmetleri, 2020) Yurtal, Ziya; Altuğ, Enes Muhammed; Unsaldı, Emine; Secıntı, Evrim İlke; Kucukgul, AltugTo investigate the neuroprotective and therapeutic efficacy of hesperidin against secondary damage following traumatic spinal cord injury. MATERIAL and METHODS: A total of 32 male Wistar albino rats weighing 250–300 g were randomly divided into four groups (n=4): group I, control group; group II, sham group; group III, preconditioning group, and group IV, treatment group. A rat model of spinal cord injury was established by dropping a weight of 100 g/cm on the spinal cord exposed at T7–T10 with dorsal laminectomy. In neurological examination after the trial period, inclined planed test, modified Tarlov scale, and finger extension test were performed. Furthermore, the bioefficacy of hesperidin was investigated histopathologically, biochemically, and immunohistochemically using blood and tissue samples obtained from the experimental animals.RESULTS: Neurological examination following spinal cord injury revealed that hesperidin significantly contributed to improvement in the 24-hour period. Biochemical analyses revealed that hesperidin showed anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing IL-1β and TNF-α levels at the 24th hour as well as strong antioxidant activity by increasing TAS levels in groups III and IV. Histopathologically, hesperidin reduced hemorrhage, laceration, axonal and neuronal degeneration, necrosis, inflammatory reaction, and edema in groups III and IV. Immunohistochemically, hesperidin reduced the number of caspase 3-positive apoptotic cells in groups III and IV.CONCLUSION: Hesperidin showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects during the acute period following spinal cord injury; thus, hesperidin shows neuroprotective and therapeutic efficacy in spinal cord injury.Öğe Investigation of the anti-apoptotic activity of ozone therapy in rainbow trout macrophages infected with Yersinia ruckeri(Springer, 2019) Kucukgul, Azime; Kucukgul, Altug; Gonenci, Ramazan; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul; Kutlu, Banu; Isgor, Mehmet MustafaYersinia ruckeri is the causal agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) in trout. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of nontoxic ozone on Y. ruckeri-infected trout cells in in vitro conditions. Rainbow trout macrophages (RTS-11) were exposed to Y. ruckeri for 24h after being incubated with the ozonized medium at nontoxic concentration. Effective concentrations of nontoxic ozone (3 gamma) and bacteria (1.5x10(8)cfu/mL) were determined by viability tests. The expression of caspases 1, 3, 8, and 12 was determined by real-time PCR and protein levels investigated by ELISA method. Apoptotic-necrotic cell ratios were determined by acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining. Bacterial stimulations of caspases (1, 3, 8, and 12) were suppressed by ozone mostly at the translational level. While bacterial infection increased the count of apoptotic and necrotic cells at different stages, ozone significantly reduced this condition. Obtained data indicate possible use of nontoxic ozone as a safe and effective treatment alternative for increasing host defenses and eliminating the infection in the case of yersiniosis in fish.Öğe Investigation on the effects of Inula viscosa L. on rainbow trout gonad cells induced by lipopolysaccharide(Bdfish, 2021) Kucukgul, Azime; Kucukgul, Altug; Korkmaz, Tulay MetinFish cells have been accepted as an alternative to in vivo assay for inflammatory effects of therapeutic experimental systems. To reveal the anti-inflammatory effects of Inula viscosa (IV) fish cell line RTG-2, derived from the gonadal tissue of rainbow trout, was infected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Effective concentrations for different concentrations of LPS (1, 5, 10, 20 mu M) and IN (1, 5, 10, 20 mu g ml(-1)) were determined. While the 20 mu M concentration of LPS, which was effectively selected from preliminary tests, caused 27% cell loss, the effective 1 mu g ml-1 concentration of IN caused 1.1% proliferation in the cells when compared to the control group. All pro-inflammatory parameters investigated in LPS-induced RTG-2 cells showed up-regulation, with the highest increase in TNF-alpha gene expression level (11.3 fold changes). Down-regulation was determined in the IN together with LPS administered group and IL-1 beta had the highest effect with 96%. IL-6 protein level decreased by LPS at a rate of 4% and IN together with LPS increased by 9%. The IN exhibited significant efficacy against inflammation caused by LPS. However, further studies are needed to determine pharmacological activity of I. viscosa in details.Öğe Low concentration of oleic acid exacerbates LPS-induced cell death and inflammation in human alveolar epithelial cells(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Kucukgul, Altug; Erdogan, SuatPurpose: The current study aimed to investigate in vitro effects of oleic acid on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in the human lung epithelial cells (A549). Materials and Methods: The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests. Selected gene expression levels were analyzed by Real-Time Quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: 24hours of LPS (100ng/mL) exposure decreased the cells' viability by 44.6% compared to untreated control. Low concentration (2.5nM) of oleic acid slightly suppressed the cell survival by 9.1% analyzed 24hours after incubation. However, oleic acid pretreatment before LPS exposure significantly increased cell survival loss to 63.9%. LPS exposure decreased the expressions of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA levels by 2.8 and 2.5 fold, respectively. Moreover, pretreatment of the cells with oleic acid strengthened LPS-decreased expressions of CAT and GPx genes by 3.5 and 6.7 fold, respectively. The mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1 beta, IL-12, COX-2, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were increased by 2.4, 2.2, 2.2, 2.3, 3.0, 2.6, and 2.5 fold, respectively, by LPS, and oleic acid pretreatment significantly potentiated the effect of LPS. Conclusion: Oleic acid worsens LPS-induced cell death by potentiating oxidative stress and inflammation in A549 lung epithelial cells.Öğe The Neuroprotective Effect of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Global Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Brains(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2014) Altug, Muhammed Enes; Melek, Ismet M.; Erdogan, Suat; Duzguner, Vesile; Ozturk, Atakan; Kucukgul, AltugThe aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) mRNA isoenzymes, oxidant and antioxidant defence in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injured rat brains. Twenty-one rats were randomly divided into three equal groups: sham-control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and I/R+CAPE. Rats in sham-control group underwent only surgical intervention without bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Ischemia/reperfusion was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with atraumatic clips for 30 min, followed by artery reopening. The I/R+CAPE group was subjected to the same surgical procedure as I/R group, but CAPE was administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 15 mu mol kg(-1) twice, 1 h before occlusion and at 12th h of reperfusion. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after I/R. The cAMP concentration was analyzed by ELISA and PDE4 isozyme mRNA transcriptions were evaluated by qRT-PCR methodology in the brain cortex. Ischemia-induced NO production was significantly attenuated by CAPE in the cerebral cortex. CAPE significantly enhanced GSH-Px activity, while SOD, CAT and XO activities non-significantly changed, as compared to the I/R group. CAPE significantly decreased PDE4A and PDE4B transcripts, without changing cAMP levels compared to I/R group. Ischemia-induced neurologic deficit scores were reduced by CAPE. These results suggest that CAPE slightly modulates the antioxidant defense system and NO release in rat brain during global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, CAPE treatments produce the neuroprotective effect by reducing the levels of some PDE4 transcriptions.Öğe Performance, egg quality and serum parameters of Japanese quails fed diet supplemented with Spirulina platensis(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2016) Dogan, Sibel Canogullari; Baylan, Mikail; Erdogan, Zeynep; Akpinar, Gulsen Copur; Kucukgul, Altug; Duzguner, VesileThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of Spirulina platensis on growth performance, egg quality and some serum parameters of laying Japanese quails. For this experiment, 100 ten weeks-old, female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) with similar body weight were caged individually and were randomly divided into four groups of 25 quails each. Quails were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% Spirulina platensis for 8 weeks. Spirulina platensis addition did not affect feed conversion ratio, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, shape index, eggshell thickness and haugh unit, significantly (P>0.05). However, there were significant differences (P<0.05) in final body weight, yolk index, albumen index and eggshell weight of experimental groups. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between groups in low density lipoprotein (LDL cholesterol) and high density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) concentrations. The LDL cholesterol concentration decreased while HDL cholesterol concentration increased with the increased supplementation of Spirulina platensis. Spirulina platensis supplementation also decreased plasma total cholesterol and trigyliceride levels between groups numerically but not statistically (P>0.05). The mean egg yolk cholesterol levels dropped by 19.65 and 18.93% in the 1.0 or 2.0% Spirulina platensis supplemented groups compared with control group. In conclusion, Spirulina algae can be used safely in laying quails diets with important effects on serum parameters and egg yolk cholesterol. © 2016 PSP.
