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Öğe Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated with Higher Serum Cys-C and NGAL Concentrations, and Risk of Mortality in Premature Calves with Respiratory Distress Syndrome(Mdpi, 2023) Ider, Merve; Ok, Mahmut; Naseri, Amir; Erturk, Alper; Parlak, Tugba Melike; Yildiz, Ramazan; Durgut, Murat KaanSimple Summary This study aimed to evaluate hypoxic acute kidney injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome using kidney-specific biomarkers. Ten-term healthy calves and 70 premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome were included in the study. At admission and 72 h, arterial blood gas analysis to evaluate hypoxia and serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, cystatin-C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, uromodulin, and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein concentrations were measured for evaluation of kidney functions. Acute renal failure developed in 38.5% of premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. The mortality risk in premature calves with acute renal failure was four times higher than in those without acute kidney injury. In addition, serum cystatin-C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations were significantly higher in calves with acute kidney injury than those without. In conclusion, it causes acute renal failure in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. Cystatin-C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were found to be useful markers of hypoxic-acute kidney injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to establish the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and evaluate the usefulness of kidney-specific biomarkers in diagnosing AKI in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Ten-term healthy and 70 premature calves with RDS were enrolled. Clinical examination, blood gases, and chemical analysis were performed at admission and 72 h. Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), phosphorus (P), cystatin-C (Cys-C), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), uromodulin (UMOD), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were measured to evaluate kidney injury. Our findings showed that 38.5% of the premature calves with RDS developed AKI. The RDS-AKI group had a 4-fold higher mortality risk than the RDS-non-AKI group. Cys-C, with 90% and 89% specificity, and NGAL, with 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, were the most reliable biomarkers to determine AKI in premature calves. The usefulness of any biomarker to predict mortality was not found to be convincing. In conclusion, AKI can develop as a consequence of hypoxia in premature calves and may increase the risk of mortality. In addition, serum Cys-C and NGAL concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of AKI in premature calves with RDS.Öğe Biomarkers in premature calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome(Wiley, 2021) Ider, Merve; Naseri, Amir; Ok, Mahmut; Uney, Kamil; Erturk, Alper; Durgut, Murat K.; Parlak, Tugba M.Background Approaches to the evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in premature calves by using lung-specific epithelial and endothelial biomarkers are needed. Objective To investigate the evaluation of PAH in premature calves with and without respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by using lung-specific epithelial and endothelial biomarkers and determine the prognostic value of these markers in premature calves. Animals Fifty premature calves with RDS, 20 non-RDS premature calves, and 10 healthy term calves. Methods Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and tachypnea were considered criteria for RDS. Arterial blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2, oxygen saturation [SO2], base excess [BE], and serum lactate concentration) were measured to assess hypoxia. Serum concentrations of lung-specific growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and surfactant protein D (SP-D) were measured to assess PAH. Results Arterial blood pH, PaO2, SO2, and BE of premature calves with RDS were significantly lower and PaCO2 and lactate concentrations higher compared to non-RDS premature and healthy calves. The ADMA and SP-D concentrations of premature calves with RDS were lower and serum ET-1 concentrations higher than those of non-RDS premature and healthy calves. No statistical differences for GDF-15 and VEGF were found among groups. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Significant increases in serum ET-1 concentrations and decreases in ADMA and SP-D concentrations highlight the utility of these markers in the diagnosis of PAH in premature calves with RDS. Also, we found that ET-1 was a reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for PAH and predicting mortality in premature calves.Öğe Bir köpekte karaciğer yetmezliği(2009) Sağkan Öztürk, Aliye; Ok, MahmutBu vaka raporunda, karaciğer yetmezliği olan bir köpekte klinik, hematolojik, biyokimyasal, idrar, periton sıvısı, ultrasonografik ve histopatolojik bulgular sunulmuştur. Kan RBC, Hct, Hbg, MCV ve MCHC düzeyleri önemli oranda azaldı. Serum AST ve ALT düzeylerinde önemli oranda artış belirlenirken, BUN, kreatinin, glikoz, total protein, albümin ve kolesterol düzeylerinde azalma belirlendi. Ultrasonografik muayanede, karaciğer dokusunda yaygın heterojen ekojenite artışı gözlendi.Öğe Erkek bir danada anüri olgusu(2007) Sağkan Öztürk, Aliye; Coşkun, Alparslan; Cenikli, Şebnem; Ok, MahmutBu çalışmada , anüri şikayetiyle kliniğimize gelen 3,5-4 aylık erkek bir dananın klinik hematolojik biyokimyasal idrar ve ultrasonografik bulgular değerlendirildi. Serum BUN. kreatinin K düzeylerinde artış , Na ve CI düzeyleri azalma belirlendi. İdrarda kan, protein ve çok sayıda kristaller tespit edildi. Ultrasonografik muayenede sistitis ve peritonitis gözlemlendi.Öğe Evaluation of clinical efficacy of gamithromycin in the treatment of naturally infectedneonatal calves with cryptosporidiosis(2021) Ok, Mahmut; Sevinç, Ferda; İder, Merve; Ceylan, Onur; Ertürk, Alper; Ceylan, Ceylan; Durgut, Murat KaanAim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of gamithromycin in the treatment of naturally infected neonatal calves with cryptosporidiosis. Materials and Methods: 5-20 days old 20 diarrheic neonatal calves were used as material in this study. Diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis was made by microscopic examination and ELISA test. Calves shedding Cryptosporidium oocysts between 4 x 104 and 15 x 106 per gram in feces were included in the study. Hemogram and blood gases were measured at the beginning of the treatment and after the treatment. A single dose of 6 mg/kg body weight of gamithromycin was administered subcutaneously. Drug efficacy was assessed by evaluating the existence of diarrhea, oocyst shedding and body condition from day 1 to 5. Results: On 5th day, the medicated 6 calves had no oocysts, and number of oocysts in feces had been decreased in 11 calves on 5th day. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in the blood values at the beginning of the treatment and after the treatment. Conclusion: It has been determined that based on both clinical improvement and decrease in oocyst count in feces, gamithromycin was found to have moderate effect in the treatment of cryptosporidiosis in naturally infected neonatal calves.Öğe HEART-TYPE FATTY ACID-BINDING PROTEIN (H-FABP), PENTRAXIN-3 (PTX-3) AND THROMBOMODULIN IN BOVINE TRAUMATIC PERICARDITIS(Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2019) Yildiz, Ramazan; Ok, Mahmut; Ider, Merve; Aydogdu, Ugur; Erturk, AlperThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biomarkers of cardiac damage such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and thrombomodulin (TM) for the detection and prognosis of bovine traumatic pericarditis (TP). Spontaneous TP was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs, complete blood count, glutaraldehyde test, ultrasonography, and pericardiocentesis findings. H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM levels in serum were compared between 25 Holstein cows diagnosed with spontaneous TP and 10 healthy control cows using bovine-specific ELISA kits. Serum H-FABP in cattle with TP was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the control group and positively correlated with cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), PTX-3 and TM (r = 0.683, 0.342, 0.448 and 0.424, respectively; P < 0.05). The serum levels of PTX-3 (P < 0.05) and TM (P < 0.05) in cattle with TP were significantly higher than in the control group. Cardiac damage biomarkers H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM may be useful in the diagnosis of bovine TP.Öğe Hipofosfatemili sığırlarda bazı biyokimyasal ve hematolojik bulgular ve fosforun tedavideki etkisi(2008) Ok, Mahmut; Güzelbekteş, Hasan; Şen, İsmail; Coşkun, Alparslan; Sağkan Öztürk, Aliye; Canikli, ŞebnemBu çalışmanın amacı hipofosfatemili sığırlarda hematolojik ve bazı biyokimyasal parametrelerdeki oluşan değişikleri belirlemek ve hastalığın tedavisinde fosforun etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Bu araştırmada materyal olarak hipofosfatemili 19 inek kullanıldı. Hayvanlara fosfor tedavisi yapıldı. İneklerde serum fosfor düzeyi (2.61 mg/dl) çok düşük iken, tedavi sonrası normal değerlere (5.74 mg/dl) ulaştı. Total protein (P<0.05), ALT (P<0.005), Fe (P<0.05), RBC(P<0.005), PCV(P<0.005) ve Hb (P<0.05)düzeylerinde tedavi öncesi ve sonrası farklılık belirlendi, ancak bu değerler normal sınırlar içerisindeydi. Sonuç olarak ineklerde kan fosfor düzeyi 1.5 mg/dl altına düştüğünde hemoglobinuri ve anemi, kan fosfor düzeyi 2.5 mg/dl’nin altında olan hayvanlarda iştahsızlık, süt veriminde azalma ve hafif halsizlik gözlenebilir. Hastalığın tedavisinde fosforun uygulamasının etkili olduğu ortaya kondu.Öğe Investigation of gastrointestinal injury-related biomarkers in dairy cattle with displaced abomasum(Wiley, 2023) Ider, Merve; Yildiz, Ramazan; Naseri, Amir; Gulersoy, Erdem; Alkan, Fahrettin; Ok, Mahmut; Erturk, AlperBackgroundDisplaced abomasum (DA) is one of the most important metabolic disorders of dairy cattle. In DA, ischaemic damage may occur as a result of impaired perfusion due to abomasal displacement, which may result in gastrointestinal mucosal damage.ObjectiveInvestigation of gastrointestinal tissue damage in cattle with right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) using intestinal-related biomarkers.MethodsForty-eight DA (24 LDA, 24 RDA) and 15 healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled between March 2021 and July 2022. Serum biomarkers including gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG-2), liver-fatty acid binding proteins (L-FABP), platelet activating factor (PAF), trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), leptin, claudin-3 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations were measured from venous blood samples.ResultsL-FABP concentrations in the LDA group and TFF-3 concentrations in the RDA group were lower than in the control group. The leptin concentration of the RDA group was higher than that of the other groups. There was a negative correlation between lactate, leptin and IL-8 concentrations. There was a negative correlation between lactate and TFF-3, whereas leptin and lactate were positively correlated. Leptin was the more reliable biomarker for discriminating between RDA and LDA cases.ConclusionChanges in serum L-FABP, TFF-3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA may reflect acute intestinal injury and the subsequent repair phase. However, these biomarkers had poor diagnostic performance in discriminating between healthy and cattle with DA, while leptin emerged as the most useful marker in differentiating LDA from RDA cases. In this study, intestinal injury-related biomarkers were evaluated in serum samples from dairy cows with displaced abomasum (DA). Serum fatty acid binding proteins, trefoil factor-3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA indicate that intestinal damage develops in DA cases and the repair phase is activated against this damage.imageÖğe Kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2019) Ok, Mahmut; İder, Merve; Durgut, Murat Kaan; Ceylan, Onur; Ertürk, AlperBu çalışmanın amacı, kuzu ve oğlak akut koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in tedavideki etkinliğini değerlendirmekti. Bu araştırmanın materyalini, 15-45 günlük koksidiyozisli 120 kuzu ve 20 oğlak oluşturdu. Kuzu ve oğlaklarda iştahsızlık, durgunluk, emme refleksinde ve canlı ağırlıkta azalma, dehidrasyon ve siyah yeşilimsi (çoğunluğunda) veya kanlı ishal gözlendi. Koksidiyozis tanısı dışkının mikroskobik muayenesi ile kondu. Kuzu ve oğlaklara 20 mg/kg dozunda oral yolla tek doz toltrazuril uygulandı. 120 koksidiyozisli kuzunun 115’i tedaviye cevap verirken, 5 kuzu tedaviye cevap vermedi. 20 koksidiyozisli oğlağın 19’u tedaviye cevap verirken, 1 oğlak tedaviye cevap vermedi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma kuzu ve oğlakların koksidiyozisinin tedavisinde toltrazuril’in oldukça etkili olduğunu göstermiştirÖğe Surveilling brain damage using brain biomarkers in hypoglycemic neonatal calves with diarrhea(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Ider, Merve; Naseri, Amir; Ok, Mahmut; Erturk, Alper; Durgut, Murat Kaan; Iyigun, Suleyman SerhatHypoglycemia is a condition associated with neonatal diarrhea in calves, leading to increased mortality and neurological clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to determine the development of brain damage in hypoglycemic calves with neonatal diarrhea and the diagnostic and prognostic significance of these biomarkers. Ten healthy and 50 hypoglycemic calves with diarrhea were included in the study. Clinical examination, blood gases and complete blood count were performed at admission. Blood serum calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolysis isoenzyme-1 (UCHL-1), activitin A (ACT), adrenomodullin (AM) concentrations, and creatine kinase-BB (CK-BB) enzyme activity were measured using commercial bovine-specific ELISA kits to assess brain damage. Of the hypoglycemic calves enrolled in the study, 13 (26%) survived and 37 (74%) died. In addition, 32 (64%) of the calves had severe acidosis and 24 (48%) had sepsis. S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, CK-BB (p < 0.001) and NSE (p < 0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in hypoglycemic calves compared to healthy calves, while ACT concentrations were lower. Blood glucose concentration was negatively correlated with serum S100B, GFAP, UCHL-1, and CK-BB enzyme activity and positively correlated with ACT in hypoglycemic calves (p < 0.01). Brain injury biomarkers were not predictive of mortality (p > 0.05). Morever, severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis and sepsis variables were not found to have sufficient capacity to predict mortality when considered alone or together (p > 0.05). In conclusion, brain damage may develop as a consequence of hypoglycemia in calves. S100B, NSE, GFAP, UCHL-1, ACT, and CK-BB concentrations can be used to diagnose brain damage in hypoglycemic calves. However, the variables of severe hypoglycemia, severe acidosis, and sepsis together with the biomarkers of brain injury have a limited value in predicting the prognosis of neonatal calves with diarrhea.Öğe Üç köpekte konjestif kalp yetmezliği(2010) Ok, Mahmut; Sağkan Öztürk, Aliye; Er, CenkOk M, Öztürk AS, Er C. Üç köpekte konjestif kalp yetmezliği. Eurasian J Vet Sci, 2010, 26, 1, 57-62 Bu vaka raporunda, konjestif kalp yetmezliği olan 3 köpekte klinik, hematolojik, kan gazları, bazı biyokimyasal, elektrokardiografik (EKG), radyografik, ultrasonografik ve otopsi bulguları sunulmuştur. Bütün köpeklerde plazma kardiak troponin I (kTnI) ve kreatinin kinaz izoenzim MB (CK-MB) enzim düzeylerinde önemli oranda artış belirlendi. Elektrokardiografik muayenede bir köpekte atrial fibrilasyon, diğer iki köpekte ise ventriküler taşikardi saptandı. Radyografik ve ultrasonografik muayenede bütün köpeklerde sağ ve sol kalpte dilatasyon gözlenmiştir.Öğe Use of intestine-related biomarkers for detecting intestinal epithelial damage in neonatal calves with diarrhea(Amer Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2020) Ok, Mahmut; Yildiz, Ramazan; Hatipoglu, Fatih; Baspinar, Nuri; Ider, Merve; Uney, Kamil; Erturk, AlperOBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of intestinal biomarkers in determining the presence of intestinal epithelial damage in neonatal calves with diarrhea caused by 4 etiologic agents. ANIMALS 40 neonatal calves that were healthy (n = 10) or had diarrhea (30). PROCEDURES The study was a cross-sectional study. Results of hematologic analyses and serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3), Claudin-3 (CLDN-3), gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG2), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and leptin (LP) were compared among calves grouped according to whether they were healthy (control group; G-1) or had diarrhea caused by K99 Escherichia coli (G-2; n = 10), bovine rota-or coronavirus (G-3; 5 each), or Cryptosporidium spp (G-4; 10). RESULTS Across the 3 time points at which blood samples were obtained and evaluated, the groups of calves with diarrhea generally had markedly higher mean serum concentrations of L-FABP, TFF-3, IAP, IL-8, and LP, compared with the control group. In addition, G-2 also consistently had markedly higher mean serum concentrations of I-FAB and ACTG2 and lower mean serum concentrations of CLDN-3, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that degree of intestinal epithelial damage differed among calves grouped by the etiologic agent of diarrhea and that such damage might have been more severe in calves with diarrhea caused by K99 E coli. Additionally, our results indicated that serum concentrations of I-FABP, L-FABP, TFF-3, IAP, IL-8, ACTG2, LP, and CLDN-3 were useful biomarkers of intestinal epithelial damage in calves of the present study.Öğe The Usefulness of Serum Brain Damage Biomarkers in Detection and Evaluation of Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy in Calves with Perinatal Asphyxia(Mdpi, 2022) Ok, Mahmut; Naseri, Amir; Ates, Mehmet Burak; Ider, Merve; Uney, Kamil; Sevinc, Mutlu; Hatipoglu, FatihSimple Summary The objective of the present study was to determine hypoxic brain damage in calves with perinatal asphyxia using brain-specific damage biomarkers. Ten healthy calves and 25 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Consciousness evaluation and laboratory analyses were performed at admission, 24, 48, and 72 h. Serum concentrations of brain-related biomarkers were measured to assess brain injury. Moreover, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the brain tissue were performed in 13 nonsurvivor calves. The consciousness level of the calves with asphyxia was significantly lower than the healthy calves. Mix metabolic-respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were detected in calves with asphyxia. Serum UCHL1 and S100B concentrations were significantly increased, and NSE, ACTA, ADM, and CK-B were decreased in calves with asphyxia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination in nonsurvivor calves confirmed the development of mild to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In conclusion, asphyxia causes hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in perinatal calves. UCHL1 and S100B were found to be useful markers of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in calves with perinatal asphyxia. Neurological status scores and some blood gas parameters were helpful in mortality prediction. The purpose of the present study was to determine hypoxic brain damage in calves with perinatal asphyxia using brain-specific damage biomarkers. Ten healthy and 25 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination, neurological status score, and laboratory analysis were performed at admission, 24, 48, and 72 h. Serum concentrations of ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolysis 1 (UCHL1), calcium-binding protein B (S100B), adrenomodullin (ADM), activitin A (ACTA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and creatine kinase-brain (CK-B) were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the brain tissue were performed in 13 nonsurvivor calves. The neurological status score of the calves with asphyxia was significantly (p < 0.05) lower. Mix metabolic-respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were detected in calves with asphyxia. Serum UCHL1 and S100B were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, and NSE, ACTA, ADM, and CK-B were decreased (p < 0.05) in calves with asphyxia. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the development of mild to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. In conclusion, asphyxia and hypoxemia caused hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in perinatal calves. UCHL1 and S100B concentrations were found to be useful markers for the determination of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in calves with perinatal asphyxia. Neurological status scores and some blood gas parameters were helpful in mortality prediction.Öğe Yatalak ineklerde kan gazları, hematolojik ve bazı biyokimyasal değişiklikler(2006) Güzelbekteş, Hasan; Coşkun, Alparslan; Sağkan Öztürk, Aliye; Şen, İsmail; Ok, MahmutBu çalışmanın amacı yatalak ineklerde'kan gazları, hematolojik ve bazı biyokimyasal paremetrelerdeki oluşan değişikleri belirlemektir. Materyal olarak 9 yatalak ve 5 sağlıklı inek kullanıldı. Deneme grubunda serum Mg ++ (p<0.005) ve Alb (p<0.05) düzeylerinde kontrol grubuna göre önemli azalma, CPK (p<0.005) ve AST (p<0.005) düzeylerinde ise önemli artış belirlendi. Deneme grubunda venöz kan pH (p<0.05), pCO2 (p<0.05), HCO3-(p<0.05) ve BE (p<0.05) düzeylerinde kontrol grubuna göre önemli artış, K+ (p<0.05) düzeyinde ise azalma tespit edildi. He-motolojik değerlerde deneme grubunda WBC sayısında (p<0.05) kontrol grubuna göre artış belirlendi. Sonuç olarak yatalak hayvanlarda serum magnezyum düzeylerinde önemli oranda azalma ve metabolik alkaloz saptandı. Yatalak hayvanların tedavisinde kalsiyum, fosfor ile birlikte magnezyum uygulamasının faydalı olabileceği kanısına varıldı.
