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Antibiotic Resistance and Investigation of IMP-1, IMP-2, VIM-1 and VIM-2 Metallo-?-Lactamases in Acinetobacter Strains Isolated From Clinical Samples
(Aves, 2015) Ocak, Merve; Ozer, Burcin; Inci, Melek; Duran, Nizami
Objective: It was aimed to investigate the presence of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production and bla (IMP-1), bla (IMP-2,) bla (VIM-1) and bla (VIM-2) genes in Acinetobacter strains isolated from clinical samples. Methods: 150 Acinetobacter strains isolated from clinical samples which were sent to microbiology laboratory from March 2009 to June 2012 were included in the study. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the strains were determined using automated system, and production of metallo-beta-lactamase was investigated via Etest (R). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used for determining the bla (IMP-1), bla (IMP-2), bla (VIM-1) and bla (VIM-2) genes. Results: 94% of strains were Acinetobacter baumannii and, 6% of strains were A. lwoffii. The strains were mostly susceptible to gentamicin (41.3%), amikacin (36.7%), and imipenem (25.3%), while they were resistant to ceftriaxone (92%), levofloxacin (84.7%), ceftazidime (84%), and piperacillintazobactam (84%). Sixty seven (44.7%) of the strains were MBL-positive via Etest (R), and these strains were detected more resistant to imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. No bla (IMP-1), bla (IMP-2), bla (VIM-1) and bla (VIM-2) genes were detected. Conclusions: While MBL production was detected in 44.7% of Acinetobacter strains, bla (IMP-1), bla (IMP-2,) bla (VIM-1) and bla (VIM-2) genes were not determined.
Antibiotic resistance genes & susceptibility patterns in staphylococci
(Indian Council Medical Res, 2012) Duran, Nizami; Ozer, Burcin; Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Onlen, Yusuf; Demir, Cemil
Background & objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the association between the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococcal isolates obtained from various clinical samples of patients attending a teaching hospital in Hatay, Turkey. Methods: A total of 298 staphylococci clinical isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genes implicated in resistance to oxacillin (mecA), gentamicin (aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia), erythromycin (ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA), tetracyclin (tetK; tetM), and penicillin (blaZ) were amplified using multiplex PCR method. Results: Methicillin resistance rate among 139 Staphlococcus aureus isolates was 16.5 and 25.9 per cent of S. aureus carried mecA gene. Of the 159 CoNS isolates, methicillin resistance rate was 18.9 and 29.6 per cent carried mecA gene. Ninety four isolates identified as gentamicin resistant phenotypically, contained at least one of the gentamicin resistance genes [aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia], 17 gentamicin-susceptible isolates were found as positive in terms of one or more resistance genes [aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia] by multiplex PCR. A total of 165 isolates were resistant to erythromycin, and contained at least one of the erythromycin resistance genes (ermA,ermB, ermC and msrA). Phenotypically, 106 staphylococcal isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 121 isolates carried either tetK or tetM or both resistance genes. The majority of staphylococci tested possessed the blaZ gene (89.9%). Interpretation & conclusions: The present results showed that the phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility patterns were not similar to those obtained by genotyping done by multiplex PCR. Rapid and reliable methods for antibiotic susceptibility are important to determine the appropriate therapy decisions. Multiplex PCR can be used for confirmation of the results obtained by conventional phenotypic methods, when needed.
Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from intensive care unit
(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2009) Ozer, Burcin; Tatman-Otkun, Muserref; Memis, Dilek; Otkun, Metin
The study looked at the antimicrobial resistance patterns, serotypes, molecular types, metallo beta-lactamase, and chromosomal betalactamase enzymes of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the patients and the staffs of the intensive care unit. P. aeruginosa isolates from the patients as nosocomial pathogens and from the staffs were evaluated for their susceptibilities to the antimicrobials by the disk diffusion and E-test methods. Metallo beta-lactamase enzymes were investigated by E-test, the inducibility of beta - lactamase enzymes were detected by the disk antagonism test. Serotyping was performed by slide agglutination method. The P. aeruginosa isolates were typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Twenty-five P. aeruginosa strains from the patients and three from the staffs were isolated. Fifteen P. aeruginosa, eleven of which composed of MDR bacteria, were found in serogroup E, 7 strains in G, 4 strains in B, and 1 strain in serogroup A. In all 12 bacteria in the MDR and serogroup E, metallo beta-lactamase enzyme was found to be positive. And in other 15 strains, except the bacterium which could not be serotyped, chromosomal beta-lactamase was found to be positive. The result of the molecular typing showed PFGE A pattern. In conclusion, a pattern in PFGE which included bacteria from MDR and serogroup E, G which was observed in the P. aeruginosa strains which was isolated from the staff's hands and from the 5 patients, and PFGE F pattern were found to be observed the most. Finally, the two different clonal strains were found to be established in the intensive care.
COMPARISON OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF ACINETOBACTER AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA STRAINS ISOLATED FROM INTENSIVE CARE UNITS WITH OTHER CLINICS
(Carbone Editore, 2016) Ozer, Burcin; Inci, Melek; Duran, Nizami; Kurtgoz, Seyda; Alagoz, Gulcan; Pasa, Ozgur; Kilinc, Cetin
Introduction: Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas strains lead to serious and nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs) and the other clinics. Resistance of these bacteria against to antibiotics, in particular is emerging as a very significant in intensive care units. The factors which affect the increase in resistance to antimicrobial drugs are the high probability of encountering antimicrobial resistant microorganisms and empiric antimicrobial treatment. Materials and methods: The bacterial culture results of clinical specimens sent to Microbiology Laboratory of Mustafa Kemal University Hospital in five year period were examined retrospectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria of genus Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from these specimens were analyzed. The antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter strains isolated from ICUs and those isolated from other clinics was compared. Results: In five-year period, 772 P. aeruginosa and 971 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from the specimens. Twenty-three percent of P. aeruginosa strains and 49.3% of Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from the patients in intensive care units. 628 (64.7%) of Acinetobacter and 92 (11.9%) of P. aeruginosa strains were found to be Multidrug Resistant (MDR). The ratios of multidrug-resistance in Acinetobacter strains isolated from the patients in ICUs were found to be higher than those in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the patients in intensive care units. MDR ratio of these bacteria isolated in ICUs was higher than that isolated in the other clinics. Conclusion: Acinetobacter strains isolated from the patients in ICUs were determined to be more resistant than those isolated from the patients in other clinics while Pseudomonas strains isolated from the other clinics, were more resistant than those isolated from the patients hospitalized in ICUs. The ratio of MDR bacteria was higher in ICUs than that in other clinics.
Comparison of antibiotic resistance of acinetobacter and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from intensive care units with other clinics
(A. CARBONE Editore, 2016) Ozer, Burcin; Inci, Melek; Duran, Nizami; Kurtgoz, Seyda; Alagoz, Gulcan; Pasa, Ozgur; Kilinc, Cetin
Introduction: Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas strains lead to serious and nosocomial infections in intensive care units (ICUs) and the other clinics. Resistance of these bacteria against to antibiotics, in particular is emerging as a very significant in intensive care units. The factors which affect the increase in resistance to antimicrobial drugs are the high probability of encountering antimicrobial resistant microorganisms and empiric antimicrobial treatment. Materials and methods: The bacterial culture results of clinical specimens sent to Microbiology Laboratory of Mustafa Kemal University Hospital in five year period were examined retrospectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacteria of genus Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from these specimens were analyzed. The antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter strains isolated from ICUs and those isolated from other clinics was compared. Results: In five-year period, 772 P. aeruginosa and 971 Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from the specimens. Twenty-three percent of P. aeruginosa strains and 49.3% of Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from the patients in intensive care units. 628 (64.7%) of Acinetobacter and 92 (11.9%) of P. aeruginosa strains were found to be Multidrug Resistant (MDR). The ratios of multidrug-resistance in Acinetobacter strains isolated from the patients in ICUs were found to be higher than those in P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the patients in intensive care units. MDR ratio of these bacteria isolated in ICUs was higher than that isolated in the other clinics. Conclusion: Acinetobacter strains isolated from the patients in ICUs were determined to be more resistant than those isolated from the patients in other clinics while Pseudomonas strains isolated from the other clinics, were more resistant than those isolated from the patients hospitalized in ICUs. The ratio of MDR bacteria was higher in ICUs than that in other clinics.
A comparison of fucidic acid and cefazoline released from cancellous human bone
(Academic Journals, 2011) Dogramaci, Yunus; Kalacı, Aydıner; Ozer, Burcin; Ozden, Raif; Hapa, Onur; Yanat, Ahmet Nedim
This study was designed to determine the antibacterial activity of fucidic acid or cefazoline in cancellous bone obtained from patients undergoing total knee replacement. Thirty samples of cancellous bone were obtained from patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of knee joints. The prophylactic antibiotics were infused to the subjects an hour before the operation. In the first group (15 samples) fucidic acid (500 mg intravenous) was used as a prophylactic antibiotics and 1st generation of cephalosporin were used in the second group (15 samples) as the prophylaxis. Same strains of Staphyloccocus aureus were used to assess the antibiotic activity using the disc diffusion technique after 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21 and 28 days. The antibiotic efficacy was defined as an inhibition zone diameter of 10 mm. Inhibition zone diameters were significantly higher in fusidic acid than cefazoline specimens on the first, third and 14th day after the incubation (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the inhibition zone diameter at the seventh, 18th and 21st days. Evaluation of inhibition zone diameters showed that samples obtained from the first group (fucidic acid) had a longer duration of antibiotic release than that of second group (cefazolin). Fucidic acid shows a higher release and a longer antibacterial activity when used as a prophylactic antibiotic compared to cefazolin.
Cutaneous infection caused by Aspergillus terreus
(Soc General Microbiology, 2009) Ozer, Burcin; Kalacı, Aydıner; Duran, Nizami; Dogramaci, Yunus; Yanat, Ahmet Nedim
Aspergillus species are widely distributed in nature, and more than 30 species have been reported to be involved in human and animal infection. Cutaneous infections due to Aspergillus terreus are particularly rare. In this report, we describe a case of cutaneous infection caused by A. terreus in a paediatric patient who underwent surgical treatment for an open tibial fracture secondary to an agricultural accident.
Detection of adhesin genes and slime production among Staphylococci in orthopaedic surgical wounds
(Academic Journals, 2010) Duran, Nizami; Dogramaci, Yunus; Ozer, Burcin; Demir, Cemil; Kalacı, Aydıner
This study was aimed at investigating: (i) three adhesin genes (clf A, fnb A and cna) in Staphylococus aureus strains, (ii) the presence of slime (ica A and ica D genes) in both Staphylococus epidermidis and S. aureus strains isolated from surgical wounds. The slime and adhesin genes were detected by multiplex PCR. The ica A/ica D positivity rates were determined as 66.2% (104/157) in a total of 157 staphylococcal strains. While the occurance rate of slime genes was 69.6% (48/69) among the S. epidermidis, this ratio was 63.6% (56/88) among the S. aureus isolates. No statistically significant difference was found between S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolates in terms of the presence of slime genes (p > 0.05). Among the 88 S. aureus strains, almost all of the strains were positive for fnb A gene (97.7%). The cna and clf A positivity rates were detected in 69 (78.4%) and 45 (51.1%) isolates, respectively. The ica A and ica D genes responsible for slime production have been found to have high prevalence. Also, the frequency of adhesin genes was determined at a high rate in S. aureus strains isolated from surgical wounds. Molecular identification of virulent staphylococcal strains may help in management in clinical decision making.
Detection of slime and methicillin resistance genes in Staphylococci isolated from nasal samples of patients with orthopaedic implants
(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2010) Duran, Nizami; Dogramaci, Yunus; Demir, Cemil; Ozer, Burcin; Kalacı, Aydıner
Background: The purposes of the present study were (1) to determine the prevalence of mecA and femA genes, (2) to investigate the presence of icaA and icaD genes responsible for slime synthesis, and (3) to search in vitro slime synthesis by staphylococcal strains isolated from the nares of patients with orthopaedic implants using the Congo red agar (CRA) plate test. Material/Methods: Staphylococci strains were defined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to determine intercellular adhesion genes icaA and icaD. Slime production capability was searched by the CRA plate test, phenotypically. Also, the presence of mecA and femA genes was determined by PCR in all strains. Results: The presence of icaA and icaD was detected in 101 isolates of 134 (75.4%) strains. This ratio was 74.8% (89 of 119) among the Staphylococcus epidermidis and 80% (12 of 15) among the Staphylococcus aureus isolates. A total of 63.4% of all the strains were found to be icaA and icaD positive as well as slime-forming on the CRA plate test. The percentage of icaA-and icaD-negative strains was 36.6%, and all of them were negative on the CRA plate test. Although femA presence was detected in all 15 (11.2%) S. aureus isolates, a total of 5 (3.7%) isolates carried the mecA gene. Conclusions: The frequency of icaA and icaD genes was determined to be of high prevalence among staphylococcal isolates. The staphylococcal strains that were found in the nasal flora of patients with orthopaedic implants may be important potential sources of infection for these patients.
Determination of CTX-M beta-lactamase in escherichia coli strains isolated from clinical samples
(EDIMES Edizioni Medico Scientifiche, 2015) Yavuz, Basak; Ozer, Burcin; Inci, Melek; Duran, Nizami
The aim of this study was to determine the ESBL with phenotypic tests and investigate the blaCTX-M genes with the PCR method in Escherichia coli strains. The presence of ESBL in E. coli strains was determined with the Vitek 2 automated system. ESBL-positive 100 and ESBL-negative 50 E. coli strains were included in the study. The ESBL disk diffusion screening test (DDST) and the combined disk confirmation tests (CDCT) were performed on these strains and the results of these tests were compared with each other. blaCTX-M genes were investigated with the PCR method. The results of CDCT-CAZ/CZC and CDCT-CTX/CTC were found to be consistent in 90% of strains. Those of the automated system, DDST and CDCT-CAZ/CZC were compatible with each other in 83.3% of strains. Also the results of the automated system and CDCT-CTX/CTC were found to be compatible in 83.3% of strains. Based on PCR, blaCTX-M genes were found in 67.3% of 150 strains. According to the order of frequency, 46%, 38.7%, 20%, 7.3% of strains were determined to carry groups I, IV, II and III, respectively. © 2015, EDIMES Edizioni Medico Scientifiche. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Cefovecin Sodium in Shelter Dogs with Bacterial Lower Respiratory Disease
(Inst Tecnologia Parana, 2023) Kose, Serkan Irfan; Ozer, Burcin; Gonenci, Ramazan; Cantekin, Zafer
This study evaluated the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of cefovecin sodium in shelter dogs with bacterial lower respiratory disease. All dogs (n = 32) with lower respiratory disease were divided into two treatment groups: the cefovecin (n = 16) and the ceftriaxone (n = 16) groups. On the first five days and the 8th day of treatment, and after treatment (15th day), the examination of all dogs was performed. Blood analysis and thoracic radiographic imaging were done. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, in the cefovecin group, Bordetella bronchiseptica (n=13), Staphylococcus spp. (n=9), Streptococcus spp. (n=7), Klebsiella pneumonia (n=1); in the ceftriaxone group; B. bronchiseptica (n=5), Escherichia coli (n=5), Pasteurella canis (n=4), Streptococcus spp. (n=3), Staphylococcus aureus (n=1), Pasteurella aerogenes (n=1) and Klebsiella oxytoca (n=1) were isolated and identified. Cefovecin and ceftriaxone sodium treatment protocols had anti-bacterial efficacies of 68.75% and 100%, respectively. In light of the study results, it is concluded that although cefovecin sodium looks to be an antibacterial drug that may be used to treat bacterial lower respiratory tract infections in shelter dogs due to its ease of use, cefovecin and other cephalosporins should not be used empirically as they may contribute to bacterial resistance.
Effect of Thymoquinone on Oxidative Stress in Escherichia coli-Induced Pyelonephritis in Rats
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2011) Evirgen, Omer; Gokce, Ahmet; Ozturk, Oktay Hasan; Nacar, Emel; Onlen, Yusuf; Ozer, Burcin; Motor, Vicdan Koksaldi
BACKGROUND: Recurrent urinary tract infections are important in children and adults with diabetes mellitus and/or incontinence due to risk of pyelonephritis (PYN) and renal damage. There is a positive correlation released free radicals during PYN and renal damage. Experimental studies showed that antioxidant agents improve renal damage when used immediately after bacterial inoculation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether treatment by thymoquinone (TQ) before or during Escherichia coli inoculation prevents oxidative damage in acute pyelonephritis (PYN) in an ascending obstructive rat model. METHODS: In this study, 42 Wistar rats were grouped as follows: control, PYN (24, 48, and 72 hours), and TQ-PYN (24, 48, and 72 hours). E. coli (1 x 10(9) colony forming units) was inoculated into the bladder via urethral catheterization in both the PYN and TQ groups. TQ injections were performed 24 hours before bacteria inoculation and repeated at 24-hour intervals during the indicated time at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally in TQ groups. RESULTS: Superoxide dismutase activity was statistically lower in the TQ-PYN-48 and -72 groups than the PYN-48 and -72 groups (P < 0.001, P = 0.004, respectively). Catalase activity was significantly higher in PYN-24, -48, and -72 groups than the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference between the TQ-PYN-24, -48, and -72 groups and PYN groups in terms of glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.001, P = 0.026, P = 0.046, respectively). When the TQ-PYN-72 group was compared with the PYN-72 group, malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower in the TQ-PYN-72 group than in the PYN-72 group (P = 0.033). A histologic examination also confirmed the protective effect of TQ. In statistical analysis of histopathologic findings, there were significant differences between the PYN-24 and TQ-PYN-24, PYN-48 and TQ-PYN-48, and PYN-72 and TQ-PYN-72 groups (P = 0.008, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that TQ administration attenuated the oxidative damage that occurred in PYN and, therefore, could be used as a supportive agent to protect the kidneys from oxidative damage caused by PYN. (Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2011;72:204-215) (C) 2011 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.
Efflux pump genes and antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from lower respiratory tract infections acquired in an intensive care unit
(Springernature, 2012) Ozer, Burcin; Duran, Nizami; Onlen, Yusuf; Savas, Lutfu
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance rates and the resistance genes associated with efflux pumps of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from the patients who acquired lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in intensive care unit (ICU). Fifty P. aeruginosa strains isolated from the lower respiratory tract specimens of the patients who acquired LRTIs in ICU were included in this study. P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from tracheal aspirate (27), bronchoalveolar lavage (14) and sputum (9). The susceptibilities of the isolates were investigated by the disk diffusion method. Multiplex PCR assay was carried out for the detection of 13 antibiotic-resistance genes. Antimicrobial resistance rates of the isolates were found high and the highest resistance rate of the isolates studied was determined against to mezlocillin (50%) followed by norfloxacin (48%), ciprofloxacin (46%), meropenem (40%). Fourty-three isolates (86%) were determined to carry one and more resistance genes. NfxB gene was most often determined in the genes that were investigated. The significant relation between the resistance to cefepime, piperacilline/tazobactam and the mexC gene, that between the resistance to mezlocillin, piperacilline/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefepime and ampC genes, and that between the resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and oprJ, oprN and nfxB genes was identified. Resistance caused by genes for carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and other mechanisms were not identified in this study. Understanding the prevalence and mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa may help to select empirical therapy for nosocomial LRTIs due to P. aeruginosa in our ICU. The Journal of Antibiotics (2012) 65, 9-13; doi: 10.1038/ja.2011.102; published online 16 November 2011
THE ELEVATION OF LIVER ENZYMES DUE TO HEPATITIS B VACCINE
(Modestum Ltd, 2006) Onlen, Yusuf; Savas, Lutfu; Ozer, Burcin; Iris, Nur Efe
[Abstract Not Available]
Evaluation of nosocomial infections and risk factors in critically ill patients
(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2011) Ozer, Burcin; Akkurt, Cagla Ozbakis; Duran, Nizami; Onlen, Yusuf; Savas, Lutfu; Turhanoglu, Selim
Background: Nosocomial infections are one of the most serious complications in intensive care unit patients because they lead to high morbidity, mortality, length of stay and cost. The aim of this study was to determine the nosocomial infections, risk factors, pathogens and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of them in intensive care unit of a university hospital. Material/Methods: The patients were observed prospectively by the unit-directed active surveillance method based on patient and the laboratory. Results: 20.1% of the patients developed a total of 40 intensive care unit-acquired infections for a total of 988 patient-days. The infection sites were the lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, bloodstream, wound, and the central nervous system. The respiratory deficiency, diabetes mellitus, usage of steroid and antibiotics were found as the risk factors. The most common pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida species. No vancomycin resistance was determined in Gram positive bacteria. Imipenem and meropenem were found to be the most effective antibiotics to Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions: Hospital infection rate in intensive care unit is not very high. The diabetes mellitus, length of stay, usage of steroids, urinary catheter and central venous catheter were determined as the risk factors by the final logistic regression analysis. These data, which were collected from a newly established intensive care unit of a university hospital, are important in order to predict the infections and the antimicrobial resistance profile that will develop in the future.
The frequency of shiga-like toxin (stx1 and stx2) and EHEC-hlyA in food by multiplex PCR
(Univ Press, 2017) Onlen, Cansu; Duran, Nizami; Bayraktar, Suphi; Ay, Emrah; Ozer, Burcin
Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of shiga-like toxin (stx1 and stx2) and drug resistance profiles food-borne Escherichia coli O157: H7 in Hatay province, Turkey. Methods: The presence of the virulence genes (stx1, stx2, hlyA) in a total of 150 E. coli isolates were studied with multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 327 salad samples were analyzed. E. coli O157: H7 was detected in 150 (45.8 %) out of 327 analyzed samples. Of these 150 isolates, the presence of hly-A gene was detected in 32 (21.3%) E. coli isolates. A total of five (15.6%) isolates in this 32 hlyA positive isolates had stx2 gene, two (6.3%) of them had stx1 gene and one (3.1%) of the isolates was found to be positive for both stx1 and stx2 genes. It was found that all E. coli O157: H7 isolates were resistant to erythromycin. While the highest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed for ampicillin (68.8%), no antibiotic resistance against cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin and cephaperasone was identified. Conclusions: The results obtained in our province showed that E. coli strains isolated from salad samples were found to have some important virulence genes such as stx1, stx2, and hlyA. The stx2 frequency was found to be higher than stx1 frequency. Also, it was observed that there was not any significant correlation between drug resistance profiles and presence of toxin genes in E. coli O157: H7 strains. As a result, increasing frequency of STEC O157 serotype among foodborne pathogens is a growing public health problem.
GC-MS analysis and antileishmanial activities of two Turkish propolis types
(Springer, 2011) Duran, Nizami; Muz, Mustafa; Culha, Gulnaz; Duran, Gulay; Ozer, Burcin
Propolis is a honeybee product with a very complex chemical composition and various pharmacological properties. This study was aimed to investigate antileishmanial activities of Bursa and Hatay propolis samples against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica strains. Propolis samples were analysed with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Promastigotes were incubated in Roswell Park Memorial Institute culture medium in the absence and presence of several concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mu g/mL) of each propolis sample. The viability and cell morphology of promastigotes in each concentration were examined after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. The growth of leishmania parasites was significantly suppressed in the presence of 500, 750, and 1,000 mu g/mL of Hatay propolis. Bursa propolis was found to be efficient in inhibiting the growth of leishmania promastigotes in culture media at these concentrations, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mu g/mL. Thus, the in vitro results showed that the Hatay and Bursa propolis samples decreased significantly the proliferation of L. infantum and L. tropica parasites (p<0.001); however, Bursa propolis was found to be more effective than Hatay propolis against leishmania promastigotes. These two natural products may be useful agents in the prevention of leishmanial infections.
High prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus cultivation and superantigen production in patients with psoriasis
(John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, 2009) Balci, Didem Didar; Duran, Nizami; Ozer, Burcin; Gunesacar, Ramazan; Onlen, Yusuf; Yenin, Julide Zehra
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Staphylococcal enterotoxins (se) a through e, exfoliative toxin (et) a and b, toxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst) and mecA with psoriasis. We also investigated the distribution of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in the skin and nares. Fifty consecutive patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis and 50 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. There was a statistical difference in cultivation of S. aureus between lesional (64%) and non-lesional skin (14%) in patients with psoriasis (p = 0.037). S. aureus was cultivated from the nares in 25 (50%) of 50 patients with psoriasis and in 17 (34%) of 50 healthy controls (p > 0.05). In psoriasis patients, 31 (96.8%) out of the 32 strains isolated from the lesional skin and 3 (42.3%) out of the 7 strains isolated from the non-lesional skin were toxigenic (p = 0.01). Isolated strains from the nares were toxigenic in 96% (24/25) for patients with psoriasis and in 41.2% (7/17) for healthy controls, respectively (p = 0.006). Patients with cultivation-positive in lesional skin had a significantly higher PASI score than patients who were cultivation-negative in lesional skin (8.28 +/- 3.97 vs. 5.89 +/- 2.98, p = 0.031). Our results confirm that S. aureus colonization and its toxigenic-strains are associated with psoriasis. According to our findings, non-classical superantigens such as methicillin resistance gene (mecA), see and etb may also be associated with psoriasis.
Identification of Medically Important Candida Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of the rDNA ITS1 and ITS2 Regions
(Elsevier, 2017) Bayraktar, Suphi; Duran, Nizami; Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Eryilmaz, Naciye; Aslan, Hayat; Onlen, Cansu; Ozer, Burcin
Aim: We aimed to identify the distribution of species in candidal strains isolated from clinical samples and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method based on Msp I and Bln I restrictive enzyme cuts of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products after the amplification of ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rDNA genotypically. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty candidal strains isolated from various clinical samples were studies/ included. Phenotypic species assessment was performed using automated VITEK-2 system and kit used with the biochemical tests. Common genomic region amplification peculiar to candidal strains was carried out using ITS1 and ITS2 primer pairs. After the amplification, PCR products were cut with Msp I and Bln I restriction enzymes for species identification. Results: The majority of Candida isolates were isolated from urine (78.6%) while other isolates were composed of strains isolated from swab, wound, blood and other samples by 11.3%, 3.3%, 2% and 4.7%, respectively. The result of RFLP analysis carried out with Msp I and Bln I restriction enzymes showed that candidal strains were Candida albicans by 45.3%, Candida glabrata by 19.3%, Candida tropicalis by 14.6%, Candida parapsilosis by 5.3%, Candida krusei by 5.3%, Candida lusitaniae by 0.6% and other candidal strains by 9.3%. Conclusion: When the ability to identify Candida to species level of phenotypic and PCR-RFLP methods was assessed, a great difference was found between these two methods. It may be argued that Msp I and Bln I restriction enzyme fragments can be used in the identification of medically important Candida species. Further studies are needed to develop this kind of restriction profile to be used in the identification of candidal strains.
Microbiological Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infections
(Galenos Publ House, 2021) Ozer, Burcin
Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are the most important complication of joint replacement surgery. Diagnosis of PJI should be made with a multidisciplinary approach. Microbiological diagnostic methods must be used to isolate the causative microorganisms and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms. Microbiological methods used in preoperative diagnosis are blood culture, leukocyte count and type in synovial fluid and culture of synovial fluid. Those used in intraoperative diagnosis are cultures of abscesses, synovial fluid, soft tissue and bones located in and around prosthesis taken during the surgery. Other microbiological methods used in diagnosis of Pi's are microcalorimetry, matrix assisted lazer desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, homogenization of tissue samples with glass beads, fluorescent in situ hybridization, synovial biomarkers, enzymatic template generation and amplification. Also, various molecular methods such as 16S rRNA sequencing analysis and polymerase chain reaction methods can be used for diagnosis of PJI. The aim of this review was to discuss the microbiological diagnostic methods of PJI in the light of current literatures.

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