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Öğe Effects of Composted Municipal Solid Wastes on Phenology and Yield Characteristics of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Eastern Mediterranean Region(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Sener, O.; Aydin, M.; Tiryakioglu, M.This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of compost application produced from municipal solid wastes on growth and yield of wheat under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. The compost was produced from mainly house-originated solid wastes, bay leaves and farmyard manure mixture in a ratio of 7.5:1.5:1.0, respectively. The treatments were: chemical fertilizer (160 kg N ha(-1) and 80 kg P2O5 ha(-1)); 20, 40, 60 and 80 tons compost ha(-1); 80 tons animal manure ha(-1) and control without treatments. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. According to the results of a three-year experiment, application of 20 tons of compost ha(-1) appeared to be the most suitable treatment for satisfied yield. Moreover, some positive effects of the compost application on growth parameters of wheat were observed.Öğe EFFECTS OF GENOTYPE AND PICLORAM CONCENTRATIONS ON CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM IMMATURE INFLORESCENCE OF SPRING BARLEY CULTIVARS (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)(Diagnosis Press Ltd, 2008) Sener, O.; Can, E.; Arslan, M.; Celiktas, N.The effects of different picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg. l(-1)) in the LS (Linsmaier and Skoog, 8) medium of immature inflorescences taken from four barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) cultivars were investigated. The result of the study showed that callus induction rate, shoot induction rate, callus weight and plain regeneration front the affected by the genotypes. There was a significant interaction between genotype and immature inflorescence were significantly of picloram concentrations. Depending on the genotypes, mean callus induction rate, mean shoot induction, mean callus weight (mg/petri dishes) and number of regenerates (per inflorescence segment) varied from 0.0-39.1%, 12.5-29.7%, 0.0-150.3 mg and 0.2-1.5 respectively. Mean callus and mean shoot induction rates, mean callus weight and mean regeneration rate were also significantly influenced by the picloram concentrations. The segments cultured on the LS medium containing 7.5 mg l(-1) of picloram gave the highest values of callus induction rate (31.3%), shoot induction rate (40.6%) and plant regeneration (1.2 regenerates per segment). In this study only albino plantlets were obtained.Öğe Estimates of relative yield potential and genetic improvement of wheat cultivars in the Mediterranean region(Cambridge Univ Press, 2009) Sener, O.; Arslan, M.; Soysal, Y.; Erayman, M.Information about changes associated with advances in crop productivity is essential for Understanding yield-limiting factors and developing new strategies for future breeding programmes. National bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in Turkey have risen by an average of 20.8 kg/ha/year from 1925 to 2006. Annual gain in yield attributable to agronomic and genetic improvement averaged c. 11.6 kg/ha/year prior to 1975, but is now averaging c. 15.1 kg/ha/year. In the Mediterranean region, however, the wheat yield trend line (10.9 kg/ha/year) is c. 0.38 lower than that of Turkey. In order to understand whether such a trend was due to the cultivars released over the years. 16 bread Wheat cultivars, commonly grown in the region and representing 23 years of breeding. introduction and selection (from 1976 to 1999), were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replicates across 2 years. Data were collected on Maturation time, plant height. spike length, spikelet number/spike, grain number/spike, grain weight/spike. 1000 seed weight. harvest index and grain yield. None of the Measured plant traits showed ally historical cultivar patterns therefore, the increase in grain Yield Could not be attributed to a single yield component. Several physiological traits changed during two decades of cultivar releases in the Mediterranean region that led to a genetic gain in grain yield of about 0.5% per year. Years of data and the present field study in the Mediterranean region suggested that the genetic improvement in wheat seemed inadequate and should be reinforced with modern agricultural management practices as well as technological innovations.Öğe Insecticidal Effects of Some Essential Oils Against the Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusum du Val) (Col.: Tenebrinoidea) in Stored Wheat(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Sener, O.; Arslan, M.; Demirel, N.; Uremis, I.The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and oregano (Origanum syriacum L.) have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their insecticidal properties against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored wheat. The essential oil composition varied with the species. The main constituent of oregano, common thyme, common sage and rosemary oils were gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, beta-thujone and 1,8-cineole, respectively. Each essential oil was applied at the concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mu L/100 mL jar on the filler paper attached under the surface of the jar cap to determine mortality., Mortality rate of essential oils increased with the increasing concentrations. Of the 4 essential oils screened, 1,8-cineole from rosemary and common sage exhibited the highest activity, followed by beta-thujone from common sage and p-cymene from thyme. Therefore, rosemary essential oil could be recommended as a potential source of environment-friendly botanical insecticide in the control of the confused flour beetle.Öğe Toxicological Responses of Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrinoidea) to Various Plant Essential Oils(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Demirel, N.; Sener, O.; Arslan, M.; Uremis, I.; Uluc, F. T.; Cabuk, F.The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most serious pests of stored cereals and processed cereal products. The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), common sage (Salvia officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum syriacum L), Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and mountain oregano (Origanum minutiflorum L.) have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their toxicological effects against the confused flour beetle. In the current studies, gamma-terpinene and p-cymene from oregano, p-cymene from common thyme, beta- thujone, 1,8-cineole and L-camphor from common sage, 1,8-cineole and camphor from rosemary, carvacrol from Turkish oregano, carvacrol and thymol from sweet marjoram, carvacrol and p-cymene from Greek oregano and mountain oregano have been identified as the main volatile components. The essential oil extracted from rosemary, sweet marjoram and common thyme caused significant mortality on the confused flour beetle. In addition, rosemary had the lowest lethal concentrations (LC50: 1.12, 0.598) in both bioassays. The common thyme and sweet marjoram had followed it as a second lower lethal concentration, Therefore, the essential oils extracted from rosemary, sweet marjoram and common thyme can be recommended as a potential source of environment-friendly botanical insecticide in control of the confused flour beetle. However, essential oil extracted from Turkish oregano, Greek oregano and mountain oregano had the lowest mortality while the higher lethal concentration. Therefore, they can not be suggested for controlling of the confused flour beetle in the stored products.
