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Öğe Characterization of bacterial knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees: a new host of the pathogen(Wiley, 2014) Bozkurt, I. A.; Soylu, Soner; Mirik, M.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Baysal, O.This study aimed to isolate and identify the causal organism causing hyperplastic outgrowths (knots) on stems and branches of pomegranate trees in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Bacterial colonies were isolated from young knots on plates containing selective nutrient media. Biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis and PCR were performed to identify possible causal disease agent. Representative isolates were identified as Pseudomonas.pv.savastanoi (Psv) using biochemical tests, fatty acid profiling and PCR. Following inoculation of pomegranate plants (cv. hicaz) with bacterial suspensions, 25 of 54 bacterial isolates caused typical knots at the site of inoculation. PCR analysis, using specific primer for Psv, generated a single amplicon from all isolates. The similarity of the sequence of Turkish pomegranate isolate was 99% similar to the corresponding gene sequences of Psv in the databases. Based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular, pathogenicity tests and sequence analyses, the disease agent of knots observed on the pomegranate trees is Psv. To the best of our knowledge, this research has revealed pomegranate as a natural host of Psv, which extends the list of host plant species affected by the pathogen in the world and Turkey. Significance and Impact of the StudyPomegranate trees were affected by the disease with outgrowths (galls or knot) disease. Currently, there is no published study on disease agent(s) causing the galls or knots on pomegranate trees in worldwide. Bacterial colonies were isolated from young knots. The causal agent of the knot Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi (Psv) was identified based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular methods, pathogenicity tests and sequence analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Psv on pomegranate as a natural host, which extends the growing list of plant species affected by this bacterium in the world and Turkey.Öğe Comparison of Serological and Molecular Detection Methods for Testing Individual and Composite Samples Using PPV-M and PPV-T Isolates(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2015) Gazel, M.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Caglayan, K.Sharka disease of stone fruit trees caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) was first described in 1968 in a limited area of Turkey, but during the last decade the disease has progressively spread to a large part of the country. Although PPV-Rec and -D strains were found in Turkey, the most common PPV strains were detected as PPV-M and PPV-T. In this study, DAS-ELISA (5B-IVIA/AMR) monoclonal antibody) and Spot Real-time RT-PCR techniques have been evaluated in order to determine the best sampling time and ratio of PPV infected samples in non-infected-infected plant mixtures for detection of PPV-T and PPV-M strains. Dormant buds in winter and fresh leaves in spring from PPV-infected trees were used for testing in 2012. Six repetitions were performed by single (3 leaves or buds from infected plant) or composite plant mixture samples (3 leaves or buds from infected plant + 3 leaves from healthy plant, and the other composite samples, i.e., 3+6 to 3+27). All combinations and all repetitions of composite leaf samples of both strains were detected as positive in Spot Real-time RT-PCR. However, in DAS-ELISA, the number of PPV positive samples decreased for T and M strain in 6th composite (3 infected+12 healthy leaves) and in 9th composite (3 infected+21 healthy leaves) in spring, respectively. At least 3 repetitions in all combinations of composite samples for PPV-T and -M were found positive in dormant season by Spot Real-time RTPCR whereas it was negative only in the last composite sample (3 infected+27 healthy buds) of PPV-T by DAS-ELISA.Öğe DETECTION OF FIG MOSAIC VIRUS IN VIRULIFEROUS ERIOPHYID MITE ACERIA FICUS(Springer, 2012) Caglayan, K.; Elci, E.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Kaya, K.; Gazel, M.; Medina, V.Fig leaves showing typical fig mosaic symptoms on cv. Bursa siyahi (donor plant) were cut under a stereo microscope into small pieces each hosting 10 putatively viruliferous eriophyid mites (Aceria ficus Cotte) and placed directly on the top leaves of healthy Cucumis sativus, Chenopodium quinoa. C. amaranticolor, Nicotiana occidentalis, Catharanthus roseus, Fraxinus excelsior plants, and fig seedlings. Donor and test plants were analyzed by electron microscopy, RT-PCR and sequencing, whereas the mites (ErMs) underwent molecular assays using Fig mosaic virus (FMV)-specific primers. Mite-infested leaves of fig seedlings and C. roseus showed small yellowish spots after 10 days and 6 weeks, respectively, whereas no symptoms were observed in other test or control plants for three months. Electron microscopy observations showed the occurrence of double membrane bodies (DMBs) in the palisade cells of donor and mite-inoculated fig plants, but not in C. roseus. However, 302 bp RT-PCR products specific to FMV were amplified from donor and inoculated figs, C. roseus and ErMs. Nucleotide identity with the sequence of the FMV isolate in GenBank (accession No. AM941711.6) was 87%, 89% and 87% for donor plant (JQ708183), inoculated fig seedlings (JQ708184) and C. roseus (JQ408437, JQ408438), respectively. The sequences obtained from ErMs (JQ408432, JQ408436) showed 87% and 88% nucleotide identity with the reference FMV isolate, respectively. When dsRNA extracts were analyzed to confirm virus presence in inoculated periwinkles, a complex dsRNA profile was obtained, suggestive of infection by a multipartite virus or by multiple viruses. Sequence from RT-PCR amplicons of dsRNA (JX040436) showed 88% identity with those the reference FMV isolate (AM941716.1) and the donor plant (JQ708183). According to these results, Madagascar periwinkle (C. roseus) can be retained as a new experimental host for FMV and A. ficus appears to be able to transmit FMV from fig to periwinkle plants.Öğe Detection of Hop Stunt Viroid in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Trees in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2009) Gazel, M.; Caglayan, K.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Durgac, C.Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infects several fruit tree species with agronomic importance, including pomegranate. Different pomegranate cultivars growing in Hatay, Adana and Icel provinces were surveyed for the presence of HSVd. The main symptoms observed were yellowing and some alteration of the leaves. This kind of symptoms showing samples and also symptomless leaf samples were collected in June-August 2006. In total 152 different pomegranate leaf samples were analyzed for the presence of HSVd. Total RNAs were isolated from pomegranate leaves and used as template in RT-PCR. HSVd was not detected in all tested pomegranate samples.Öğe Does Pythium anandrum contribute to the dieback of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) in Turkey?(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Akilli, S.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Katircioglu, Y. Z.; Maden, S.During investigations into the causes of oak decline in six Regional Forestry Directories of the Black Sea Region of Turkey, Phytophthora spp. were obtained from one region and Pythium spp. were collected from three regions. The most frequently isolated Pythium species, Pythium anandrum, when inoculated on stem bases, caused longer cankers than two isolates of both Phytophthora plurivora and 2 of the P.quercina. This is the first report of Pythium anandrum causing disease on sessile oak. P.anandrum may contribute oak decline in Turkey.Öğe Experimental transmission efficiency of Plum pox virus T by Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae)(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2017) Ates, S. Yalcin; Gazel, M.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Caglayan, K.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe FIRST REPORT OF LITTLE CHERRY VIRUS 1 IN TURKEY(Springer, 2011) Serce, C. Ulubas; Gazel, M.; Caglayan, K.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First report of Olive latent virus 1 from olive trees in Turkey(Springer, 2007) Serce, C. Ulubas; Yalcin, S.; Gazel, M.; Caglayn, K.; Faggioli, F.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Phytophthora chlamydospora Causing Root and Crown Rot on Almond (Prunus dulcis) Trees in Turke(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2016) Turkolmez, S.; Dervis, S.; Ciftci, O.; Serce, C. Ulubas[Abstract Not Available]Öğe First Report of Phytophthora chlamydospora Causing Root Rot on Walnut (Juglans regia) Trees in Turkey.(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2016) Dervis, S.; Turkolmez, S.; Ciftci, O.; Serce, C. Ulubas[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Fourthy-Five Years of Sharka Disease in Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2015) Caglayan, K.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Gazel, M.Sharka disease in Turkey has firstly been reported in 1968 in Edirne (Marmara region) which is located next to the Bulgarian border. Nowadays, new PPV outbreaks have been reported in Central Anatolia (Ankara, Kayseri), Aegean (Izmir) and Mediterranean regions (Adana, Mersin, Hatay). The distribution of PPV strains was mainly related to the geographical location and the period of PPV introduction in these regions. PPV-M was mainly detected in peach, nectarine and apricot which were recently imported from abroad to the Mediterranean region. PPV-T was detected in apricot and plums in Central Anatolia and in the Aegean Regions where PPV has been endemic and existing for years. These distributions might indicate that new outbreaks may be mainly due to latently infected material that has passed through the border control. Epidemiology and rootstock susceptibility to PPV has also been recently accomplished. A breeding program has been started in 2006 and its main aim is to obtain dried apricot cultivars resistant to PPV and well adapted to Turkish conditions.Öğe INCIDENCE AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PEACH LATENT MOSAIC VIROID ISOLATES IN TURKEY(Springer, 2008) Gazel, M.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Caglayan, K.; Luigi, M.; Faggioli, F.In 2004 and 2005, 51 peach and 5 nectarine trees from different peach growing areas of the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey were analyzed by RT-PCR for the presence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd). Most of the samples were from germplasm collections and did not show specific symptoms. PLMVd was detected in three nectarine and eight peach trees. The nucleotide sequence of the eleven PLMVd isolates was determined. Like previously studied PLMVd isolates, Turkish isolates varied in length from 336 to 340 nucleotides. Multiple alignments and phylogenic analyses showed that 31 clones of 11 isolates clustered in PLMVd Group III. Three clones of isolate 99 showed the greatest variability among the isolates characterized in this work and 12 previously characterized isolates. mFold analysis of secondary structures of the three clones of isolate 99 showed that most of the variations are located in a stem involved in the pseudoknot structure, in loop 10 and in the hammerhead arm region. PLMVd isolate 99 showed a high identity with isolate 162.4 from peach cv. Early May Crest.Öğe Investigation of mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) species from Turkey by RAPD(Priel Publ, 2007) Serce, C. Ulubas; Kaydan, M. B.; Kilincer, A. N.; Ertunc, F.Molecular markers are commonly used for determining the relationship between insect species. In this study, we investigated the relationship of six mealybug species, Planococcus citri (Risso), Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Planococcus vovae (Nasonov), Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) and Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret), sampled from Turkey, using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). Of the 50 RAPD primers tested, 18 identified a total of 256 fragments of which all were polymorphic. Sufficient discrimination between P. citri and P ficus was provided by several RAPD primers. The genetic distance values calculated for each pair-wise comparison ranged from 0.156 to 0.504. Cluster analyses of RAPD data clearly separated the species into two groups.Öğe Investigation of resistance of apricot progeny to Plum pox virus through molecular markers(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2017) Ates, S. Yalcin; Gazel, M.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Asma, B. M.; Caglayan, K.Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of sharka disease, which is mainly destructive on apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.) and peach (Prunus persica L.). There are no efficient control methods except using PPV-free propagating materials and planting PPV-resistant or at least less-susceptible rootstocks. Therefore, lots of studies have been conducted in recent years on breeding of PPV-resistant plants. The objective of this study was the introduction and development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for PPV resistance in F-1 and F-2 progenies of some Turkish apricot cultivars. Local apricot cultivars 'Adilcevaz 5', 'cologlu', 'Sekerpare' and 'cataloglul crossed with PPV-resistant 'Stark Early Orange' (SEO) were screened with molecular markers PGS1.21 and PGS2.23 co segregating with resistance to PPV in 2011. Of all combinations, seven of 20 progeny obtained from SEO x 12 of 34 progeny obtained from SEO x 'Adilcevaz 5, five of 10 progeny obtained from SEO x 'coloklu, 15 of 37 progeny obtained from SEO x `Sekerpare' and eight of 33 progeny obtained from SEO x 'cataloglu' exhibited resistant alleles.Öğe Phytophthora citrophthora, a new pathogen causing decline on horse chestnut in Turkey(Wiley, 2012) Akilli, S.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Katircioglu, Y.; Maden, S.Dieback symptoms were observed on horse chestnut trees planted approximately 40 years ago in Ankara, Turkey. Lesions at the stem bases of the affected trees were similar to those of ink disease on sweet chestnut. A Phytophthora sp. was isolated from the fine roots and soil samples collected around the stem bases by baiting using chestnut leaves. The pathogen was identified as Phytophthora citrophthora based on several morphological features and DNA sequences of the ITS region. Pathogenicity of P.similar to citrophthora was tested by stem inoculation on 3-year-old horse chestnut saplings. P.similar to citrophthora produced large cankers in 20 days and killed 40% of the saplings. This is the first report of P.similar to citrophthora causing dieback on horse chestnut.Öğe Phytophthora dieback on narrow leaved ash in the Black Sea region of Turkey(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Akilli, S.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Katircioglu, Y. Z.; Maden, S.Severe dieback symptoms were observed in a 490-ha moist ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) lowland forest stand, comprising trees over 100years old and in 100ha of newly planted F.angustifolia near Sinop, in Turkey. Five of the 10 soil samples collected around stem bases of the diseased trees were baited using ash leaves and yielded a Phytophthora sp. This heterothallic species produced non-caducous, non-papillate sporangia in non-sterile soil extract, and fluffy, even growth on corn meal and potato dextrose agars, and suppressed, even growth on grated carrot agar. Isolates were identified as Phytophthora taxon salixsoil based on internal transcribed spacer DNA sequences. This species has been recently redesignated as P.lacustris. Three isolates were found to be pathogenic when inoculated on the stem bases of three-year-old F.angustifolia saplings.Öğe Phytoplasma diseases of fruit trees in germplasm and commercial orchards in Turkey(Springer, 2006) Serce, C. Ulubas; Glazel, M.; Caglayan, K.; Bas, M.; Son, L.A survey was carried out in germplasm nurseries and commercial orchards from ten provinces in Turkey during 2003-2005. Samples were collected from trees showing European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) and Pear decline WD) symptoms. A total of 270 stone fruit and six pear samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Universal phytoplasma primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 were used for one-step and nested PCR assays, respectively. Nested-PCR products were digested with RsaI SspI and MseI restriction enzymes. Twenty-eight of 270 samples including plum, apricot, peach and almond were infected by Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum. Infection rate by the same phytoplasma species of germplasm nurseries containing mostly foreign cultivars was 54.8%, whereas it was only 3.2% in commercial orchards. Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum was detected for the first time in Antalya, Gaziantep, Icel, Isparta, and Yalova provinces in local apricot cultivars as well as Japanese plum, apricot, and almond cultivars imported from Japan. PCR and RFLP tests of pear samples collected from commercial orchards in the Bursa province showed that the local pear cultivar 'Deveci' was infected by Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri, which was also found in the pear psyllid Cacopsylla pyri L. To our knowledge, this is the first report of detection of Ca. Phytoplasma pyri in C pyri in Turkey.Öğe A preliminary account of the presence of pear decline in Marmara region of Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2008) Caglayan, K.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Gazel, M.; Ozturk, H.; Gencer, N. S.Severe decline of pear trees cv. Deveci growing in Turkey has reached recently striking levels. Initial symptoms of affected trees were observed as reddening in autumn and sometimes quick decline in a few days. All the orchards exhibiting quick decline symptoms had severe attacks of pear psyllids (Cacopysilla spp). In the early autumn of 2005, six leaf samples, showing a diverse range of symptoms and 40 pear psyllids, collected from symptomatic pear trees by using an insect net, were tested by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses (PCR/RFLP). Universal phytoplasma primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R2 were used for direct and nested PCR assays, respectively. Nested-PCR products were digested with RsaI, SspI and MseI restriction enzymes. After digestion with restriction enzymes the digested products showed the same profiles as the pear decline (PD) reference phytoplasma restriction profiles. PCR and RFLP tests of pear samples collected from the commercial orchards of Bursa province indicated PD infection of local cv. Deveci pear trees as well as the presence of PD phytoplasmas in pear psyllids.Öğe Screening for Resistance to Plum Pox Virus in Some Local Turkish Apricot Cultivars and Their Crosses by Molecular Markers(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2015) Serce, C. Ulubas; Gazel, M.; Caglayan, K.; Asma, B. M.; Badenes, M. L.Turkey is the most important producer and exporter country of apricot, Prunus armeniaca. Production of apricots for fresh market relies on foreign cultivars grown on Mediterranean and Aegean regions while Malatya is the most important region for production of dry apricots based on local cultivars. Plum pox virus (PPV) in Turkey has been known since 1968, but it was not widespread until recent years. Malatya region has been free of sharka disease so far, but the disease has already been reported from many different provinces since 2006. Because of that, introgression of resistance to PPV in the local cultivars with good pomological characteristics became an important objective for the apricot crop. In the current breeding program, obtaining new cultivars resistant to PPV, selection of resistant seedlings by using molecular markers linked to PPV resistance was aimed at. Nineteen local apricot genitors and progenies obtained from the crosses between the PPV resistant cultivar 'Stark Early Orange' (SEO), 'Harcot' and local cultivars such as 'Hacihaliloglu', 'Kabaasi', 'Hasanbey', 'Cologlu', 'Adilcevaz5', 'Sekerpare', 'MahmudunErigi', 'Soganci' and 'Cataloglu' were screened with markers. The markers PGS1.21 and PGS2.23 co-segregating with resistance to PPV were used to screen a total of 189 apricot progenies. None of the local genitors had alleles linked to PPV resistance. Among the progenies screened, 15 seedlings from 'Sekerpare' by SEO, 12 from 'Adilcevaz5' by SEO, 7 from 'Hacihaliloglu' by SEO, 9 from 'Kabaasi' by SEO, 5 from 'Cologlu' by SEO, 9 from 'Cataloglu' by SEO, 4 from 'Hasanbey' by SEO, and 1 from 'MahmudunErigi' by SEO and none of the 'Harcot' by 'Soganci' presented resistant alleles and were selected for further studies.Öğe Sequence variability of Hop stunt viroid isolates from stone fruits in Turkey(Springer, 2008) Gazel, M.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Caglayan, K.; Faggioli, E.Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), genus Hostuviroid, family Pospiviroidae is a circular single-stranded RNA 294-303 nt in size, infecting a large number of woody hosts, such as grapevine, Citrus spp. and Prunus spp. In this study, we report the identification and molecular characterization of HSVd variants isolated in Turkey from different naturally infected Prunus sources, including apricot, plum and peach. We determined the nucleotide sequences of eleven isolates and found five new sequence variants of 296 (3 variants) or 297 (2 variants) nt, comparable in length to previously known HSVd isolates. Multiple alignments and pbylogenetic analyses showed that one apricot isolate (HSVd.AP1) clustered with the recombinant P-H/cit3 group, whereas all the others (one apricot; HSVd.AP23, two plum; HSVd.PL49 and HSVd.PL278 and one peach, HSVd.PE73) clustered with the Hop group, confirming the molecular variability of HSVd isolates. The sequence variability seems to be more related to the geographical origin of the isolates than to their hosts.
