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Öğe Acaricidal activities of the essential oils from several medicinal plants against the carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae)(Elsevier, 2010) Sertkaya, Erdal; Kaya, Kamuran; Soylu, SonerA screening for pesticidal activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for pest control. In the backdrop of recent revival of interest in developing plant-based insecticides, the present study was carried out to find an alternative to synthetic miticides currently used in the control of the devastating greenhouse pest, carmine spider mite (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). The acaricidal activities of essential oils obtained from medicinal plants such as oregano (Origanum onites L), thyme (Thymbra spicata L subsp. spicata), lavender (Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas) and mint (Mentha spicata L.) were evaluated against the adults of T cinnabarinus under laboratory conditions. Chemical compositions of the essential oils were also determined by GC-MS analysis. Carvacrol was the principal compound present in the essential oils of thyme and oregano (70.93% and 68.23%, respectively), whereas alpha-thujone (65.78%) and carvone (59.35%) were the major constituents in lavender and mint essential oils, respectively. Volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were determined. Laboratory bioassay results indicated that all essential oils caused complete mortality of spider mites at different concentrations that are not phytotoxic to the host plant. Although all essential oils show acaricidal activities in a dose-dependent manner, essential oils of thyme and oregano have a marked acaricidal activity against carmine mite adults (at 5.0 and 7.5 mu g ml(-1) air concentrations, respectively). The mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the essential oils of thyme, oregano, mint and lavender were 0.53, 0.69, 1.83 and 2.92 mu g ml(-1) air, respectively. The results of the present study concluded that plant essential oils could be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for pest control from the plants with medicinal values. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants against seed-borne bacterial disease agent, Acidovorax avenae subsp citrulli(Gaurav Soc Agricultural Research Information Centre-Aric, 2012) Mengulluoglu, Meryem; Soylu, SonerAntibacterial properties of essential oils derived from several plant species belonging to Lamiaceae family such as thyme (Thymbra spicata L. subsp. spicata and Thymus serpyllum L.), origanum (Origanum majorana L.), mint (Mentha spicata L.), lavender (Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were investigated against seed-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon. By using paper disc diffusion assay, the most effective essential oil caused by T. spicata was followed by essential oils obtained from T. serpyllum, O. rnarjarom, M. spicata, M. officinalis, R. officinalis, L. stoechas and S. officinalis, respectively. By using micro agar broth dilution assay, minimum bactericidal concentrations of the essential oil varied from 6 to 40 mg/ml, depending on the plant species. The lowest and highest EC50 values were recorded for thyme (1.98 mg/ml) and lavender (15.42 mg/ml) essential oils, respectively. Laboratory screenings of plant extracts have given encouraging results, indicating their potential use in the management of diseases caused by Aac. As the bacterial agent known to be transmitted through seeds, one of the ways of application of the plant essential oil is as a seed treatment. Thyme and origanum essential oils appear to be promising in this respect. Further study is underway in our laboratory to screen for their efficacy in managing other seed-borne bacterial disease agents in different commercially important crops.Öğe Antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants against seed-borne bacterial disease agent, Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli(Gaurav Publications, 2012) Mengulluoglu, Meryem; Soylu, SonerAntibacterial properties of essential oils derived from several plant species belonging to Lamiaceae family such as thyme (Thymbra spicata L. subsp. spicata and Thymus serpyllum L.), origanum (Origanum majorana L.), mint (Mentha spicata L.), lavender (Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were investigated against seed-borne plant pathogenic bacterium, Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Aac), causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon. By using paper disc diffusion assay, the most effective essential oil caused by T. spicata was followed by essential oils obtained from T. serpyllum, O. marjarom, M. spicata, M. officinalis, R. officinalis, L. stoechas and S. officinalis, respectively. By using micro agar broth dilution assay, minimum bactericidal concentrations of the essential oil varied from 6 to 40 mg/ml, depending on the plant species. The lowest and highest EC50 values were recorded for thyme (1.98 mg/ml) and lavender (15.42 mg/ml) essential oils, respectively. Laboratory screenings of plant extracts have given encouraging results, indicating their potential use in the management of diseases caused by Aac. As the bacterial agent known to be transmitted through seeds, one of the ways of application of the plant essential oil is as a seed treatment. Thyme and origanum essential oils appear to be promising in this respect. Further study is underway in our laboratory to screen for their efficacy in managing other seed-borne bacterial disease agents in different commercially important crops.Öğe Antifungal activity of propolis against postharvest disease agent Penicillium digitatum(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2008) Soylu, E. M.; Ozdemir, A. E.; Erturk, E.; Sahinler, N.; Soylu, SonerThe in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of the propolis was evaluated against fungal pathogen Penicillium digitatum, causal agent of green mold of citrus fruits. The germination of conidia completely inhibited by 10, 50 and 100 mu g mL(-1) concentrations of propolis extracted in 70 % ethanol. The same concentrations of propolis extracted in 35 % ethanol also inhibited conidial germination by 31, 68 and 93 % respectively. The in vivo effect of propolis on the spoilage of Star Ruby grapefruits by Penicillium was also evaluated at room temperature. None of the concentrations of propolis extracted in 70 % ethanol prevented the fungal growth on artificially inoculated fruits. The 100 mu g mL(-1) propolis extracted in 70 % ethanol, however, provided complete inhibition of naturally occurring green mold disease on wounded but uninoculated control fruits.Öğe Antifungal effects of essential oils from oregano and fennel on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Wiley, 2007) Soylu, Soner; Yigitbas, H.; Soylu, E. M.; Kurt, S.Aims: The antifungal effects of essential oils of oregano (Origanum syriacum var. bevanii) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were evaluated against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Effects of the essential oils on morphological structures of hyphae and sclerotia were studied under light and scanning electron microscopes (SEM). Methods and Results: Inhibitory effects of volatile and contact phases of the essential oils used were determined on hyphae and sclerotia. Both essential oils have a marked antifungal effect against S. sclerotiorum. Soil amendment with essential oils has significant effect on reducing sclerotial viability. Both essential oils significantly inhibited the fungal growth in soil, thereby increasing the number of surviving tomato seedling by 69.8% and 53.3%, respectively. Light and SEM observations on pathogen hyphae and sclerotia revealed considerable morphological alterations in hyphae and sclerotia. Conclusions: The significant reduction in the mycelial growth and germination of sclerotia would greatly reduce the pathogen inoculum source. This may influence the rate of disease development in soil. Significance and Impact of the Study: Considering the reduction in the number of diseased plants in infested soil amended with essential oils, we concluded that oregano and fennel essential oils could be used as possible bio fungicides alternative to synthetic fungicides against phytopathogenic fungi.Öğe Bazı Fidanlıklarda Görülen Toprak Kökenli Fungusların Belirlenmesi(2021) Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Şener; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Soner; Soylu, Emine MineGaziantep Orman Fidanlık Şefliği, Osmaniye Orman Fidanlık Şefliği, Hatay Serinyol Orman Fidanlık Şefliği ve HMKÜ kampüs fidanlık alanında 14 farklı peyzaj bitkisi türünden toplam 98 adet hastalıklı fidan örneği toplanmıştır. Bu örneklerin 81’inde, toprak kökenli hastalık etmenleri saptanmıştır. Bu etmenlerin tanılanmasına yönelik olarak morfolojik sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde; farklı konukçulardan elde edilen hastalık etmenlerinden 12 adedi, Ceratobasidium sp, 8’i Fusarium, 14’ü Macrophomina, 13’ü Rhizoctonia, 4’ü Phytophthora ve 10’u Dactylonectria olarak saptanmış; geriye kalan 20 tanesi de Phoma, Pestalotiopsis, Diaporthe, Didymella ve Neopestalotiopsis fungusları olarak belirlenmiştir. Moleküler çalışmalar kapsamında ITS1-4 primeri ile yapılan PCR çalışmaları ve DNA dizileme sonuçlarına göre tür düzeyinde tanıları yapılmıştır. Temsili seçilen 16 izolatın, NCBI GenBankası kütüphanesinden erişim numaraları alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, fidan sağlığını gözeterek fidanlıklarda her türlü mücadele yöntemlerinin bir arada etkili ve sürdürülebilir şekilde uygulanması, peyzaj sahalarının korunmasında önemli bir yer tutacaktır.Öğe Biber meyvelerinde hasat sonrası çürümelere sebep olan bazı fungal hastalık etmenlerine karşı Isothiocyanate bileşiklerinin antifungal etkilerinin belirlenmesi(2022) Atay, Mehmet; Soylu, SonerDepolanmış ürünlerde sorun olan fungal hastalık etmenleri, hasat sonrası ürünlerde kaliteyi sınırlandıran önemli faktörlerden biridir. Hasat sonrası kurutulmalık biberler mikotoksin üreten fungal patojenler tarafından çok sık enfekte olmaktadırlar. Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata ve Fusarium incarnatum, birçok bitkide hasat öncesi ve sonrası dönemlerde hastalıklara neden olan potansiyel mikotoksin üretebilen önemli fungal etmenlerdir. Brassica spp. tarafından üretilen ve geniş antimikrobiyal etkiye sahip olan isothiocyanate (ITC)’lar, glukozinolatların biyolojik olarak aktif bozulma ürünleri ile bağlantılı allelokimyasal bileşiklerdir. Bu çalışmada, farklı kimyasal yapıdaki isothiocyanate bileşiklerden methyl isothiocyanate (MITC), 2-propenyl (Allyl) isothiocyanate (AITC), benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) ve ethyl isothiocyanate (EITC)’ın Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata ve Fusarium incarnatum izolatlarına karşı in vitro antifungal etkileri araştırılmıştır. Test edilen Fusarium incarnatum, Aspergillus niger ve Alternaria alternata’nın misel gelişimini tamamen engelleyen konsantrasyonları (MIC) baz alındığında en yüksek antifungal etkinlik MITC tarafından sırasıyla 0.06, 0.09 ve 0.09 ?l petri-1 konsantrasyonlarında gösterilmiştir. En düşük antifungal aktivite ise A. niger ile F. incarnatum’a karşı EITC (0.15 ve 0.21 ?l petri-1), A. alternata’ya karşı ise AITC ve BITC (0.21 ?l petri-1) tarafından gösterilmiştir. Farklı yapıdaki ITC’ların MIC değerlerinde genelde fungisidal etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, oldukça düşük konsantrasyonlarda antifungal etkinlik gösteren isothiocyanate’ların, depolanmış tarımsal ürünlerde bozulmalara neden fungal etmenlere karşı fumigant olarak olarak uygulanabilir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.Öğe Ceviz gövde kanseri hastalığı etmeni Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın tanılanması ve bazı fungisitlerin hastalık etmenine karşı in vitro antifungal etkinliklerinin belirlenmesi(Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2020) Kurt, Şener; Soylu, Soner; Uysal, Aysun; Soylu, Emine Mine; Kara, MerveAmaç: Çalışmada Hatay’ın İskenderun ilçesinde Mayıs 2019 tarihinde ceviz bahçelerdeki ceviz ağaçlarında, iletim dokularında kahverengi-koyu kahverengi renk değişikliği, odun dokusu nekrozu ve dallarda geriye doğru ölüm hastalık belirtilerine neden olan fungal etmenin tanılanması ve etmenin bazı fungisitlere karşı duyarlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Hastalıklı dallardan, kanserlerden ve belirti göstermeyen ceviz örneklerinden yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda elde edilen fungal izolat morfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalara göre Botryosphaeria dothidea olarak tanılanmıştır. Patojenisite denemeleri, fungal izolatın bölgede yetiştirilen Chandler çeşidi ceviz ağacı sürgünlerinde oldukça virülent olduğunu göstermiştir. Mevcut bilgilerimize göre bu çalışma, Türkiye’de cevizi enfekte eden Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın ilk raporudur. Fluazinam (0.001-0.015 µg/ml), thiophanate-methyl (0.1-10.0 µg/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (1.0-50.0 µg/ml), trifloxystrobin (0.5-50.0 µg/ml), kresoxim-methyl (0.1-50.0 µg/ml) ve tebuconazole (0.5-50.0 µg/ml) gibi 6 farklı fungisitin farklı konsantrasyonlarının, fungal etmene karşı in vitro antifungal etkileri belirlenmiştir. Fungisitlerin ortalama etkili konsantrasyon (EC50) değerleri, Probit analiziyle belirlenmiştir. Hesaplanan EC50 değerlerine göre hastalık etmenine karşı en etkili fungisit fluazinam (0.002 µg/ml) olarak kaydedilmiş olup, bu fungisiti thiophanate-methyl (0.275 µg/ml), tebuconazole (0.994 µg/ml), boscalid + pyraclostrobin (3.993 µg/ml) ve trifloxystrobin (4.262 µg/ml) izlemiştir. En düşük antifungal etkinlik fungisitler arasında misel gelişimini %37.5 oranında engelleyen kresoxim-methyl tarafından gösterilmiştir. Genel Yorum: Bu çalışma fungal etmen Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın Türkiye’de yetiştirilen ceviz ağaçlarında gövde kanseri hastalığa neden olduğunun ilk kayıdıdır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ayrıca Botryosphaeria dothidea’nın sebep olduğu ceviz kanser hastalığının seçilen fungisitlerin uygulanmasıyla ağaçların hastalıktan korunabileceğini önermektedir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Sonuç olarak, fluazinam, thiophanate-methyl ve tebuconazole’ün fungal patojen B. dothidea’nın kontrolünde kullanım potansiyeli bulunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.Öğe Characterization and pathogenicity of Fusarium solani associated with dry root rot of citrus in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey(Springer Japan Kk, 2020) Kurt, Sener; Uysal, Aysun; Soylu, E. Mine; Kara, Merve; Soylu, SonerFusarium dry root rot is one of the most dangerous diseases of citrus in Turkey. Since December 2015, a devastating decline has caused light purple, vascular discolorations, and dry decay of fibrous roots in some citrus orchards. Cream-colored colonies produced ovoid, ellipsoid or reniform, 1-2-celled microconidia. Macroconidia were 3-5 septate, hyaline, straight, or slightly curved. Chlamydospores were produced from mycelium in intercalary or terminal chains. The fungus was identified as Fusarium solani by sequencing of the ITS and tef-1 alpha nucleotides, pathogenicity assay and MALDI-TOF MS. In pathogenicity tests on 'Okitsu', 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. caused typical root rot.Öğe Characterization of antagonistic and plant growth-promoting traits of endophytic bacteria isolated from bean plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola(Zirai Mücadele Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, 2019) Duman, Kamil; Soylu, SonerPseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) is a seed-borne bacterium which causes halo blight disease in common bean. This study aimed the determination of plant growth-promoting traits (such as IAA, phosphate solubilization) and antagonistic potentials (such as siderophore and ammonia productions) of endophytic plant growthpromoting bacteria (PGPB) from healthy bean plants growing in different regions against Psp in vitro conditions. A total of 131 bacteria were primarily characterized as putative PGPB and tested for antagonist activity against Psp in dual culture tests. Seventy-one bacterial isolates demonstrated antagonistic activities against Psp isolate in varying ratios. Among these 71 isolates, 30 representative bacterial isolates from the different regions/fields were selected. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and confirmation by MALDI-TOF analyses, 30 endophytic antagonist isolates were identified as belonging to 10 genera, 24 different species. According to results obtained, 10 isolates belong to Bacillus spp., 6 isolates belong to Pseudomonas spp., 4 isolates belong to Rhizobium radiobacter, 2 isolates belong to Arthrobacter spp., 2 isolates belong to Achromobacter spanius, 2 isolates belong to Serratia liquefaciens, 1 isolate belongs to Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Exiguobacterium sp., Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans, and Ochrobactrum anthropi. The largest and lowest inhibition zone was produced by endophytic bacterial isolates Pseudomonas gessardii (4.85) and Bacillus licheniformis (1.35). Among the tested antagonist bacterial isolates, 10 isolates were positive for the production of α-amylase, 7 isolates positive for phosphate solubilization, 29 isolates positive for siderophore production, 11 isolates positive for protease production. All selected bacterial isolates produced IAA and ammonia in relatively varying amounts. P. gessardii produced a relatively large amount of extracellular siderophore (5.83), Exiguobacterium sp. produced a relatively large amount of extracellular protease (5.25), P. gessardii and O. anthropi produced a relatively large amount of extracellular IAA (161.39 µg/ml) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus produced a relatively large amount of phosphatase (2.63). This is the first study reporting bean plants harbor endophytes having plant growth promoting activities with antagonistic potential against PspÖğe Characterization of bacterial knot disease caused by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi on pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) trees: a new host of the pathogen(Wiley, 2014) Bozkurt, I. A.; Soylu, Soner; Mirik, M.; Serce, C. Ulubas; Baysal, O.This study aimed to isolate and identify the causal organism causing hyperplastic outgrowths (knots) on stems and branches of pomegranate trees in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Bacterial colonies were isolated from young knots on plates containing selective nutrient media. Biochemical tests, fatty acid analysis and PCR were performed to identify possible causal disease agent. Representative isolates were identified as Pseudomonas.pv.savastanoi (Psv) using biochemical tests, fatty acid profiling and PCR. Following inoculation of pomegranate plants (cv. hicaz) with bacterial suspensions, 25 of 54 bacterial isolates caused typical knots at the site of inoculation. PCR analysis, using specific primer for Psv, generated a single amplicon from all isolates. The similarity of the sequence of Turkish pomegranate isolate was 99% similar to the corresponding gene sequences of Psv in the databases. Based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular, pathogenicity tests and sequence analyses, the disease agent of knots observed on the pomegranate trees is Psv. To the best of our knowledge, this research has revealed pomegranate as a natural host of Psv, which extends the list of host plant species affected by the pathogen in the world and Turkey. Significance and Impact of the StudyPomegranate trees were affected by the disease with outgrowths (galls or knot) disease. Currently, there is no published study on disease agent(s) causing the galls or knots on pomegranate trees in worldwide. Bacterial colonies were isolated from young knots. The causal agent of the knot Pseudomonas savastanoi pv.savastanoi (Psv) was identified based on symptoms, biochemical, molecular methods, pathogenicity tests and sequence analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Psv on pomegranate as a natural host, which extends the growing list of plant species affected by this bacterium in the world and Turkey.Öğe Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils isolated from medicinal plants against gall forming plant pathogenic bacterial disease agents(Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2020) Bozkurt, İmam Adem; Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Soylu, Emine MineThe aims of this study were to determine chemical composition of essential oils from different plant species and their antibacterial activities against gal-forming plant pathogenic bacterial disease agents Rhizobium radiobacter, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and P.savastanoi pv. nerii. The chemical compositions of essential oils were identified by GC/MS. The major constituents of the essential oils were carvacrol in Thymbra spicata var. spicata (66.88%) and Origanum syriacum (79.8%), thymol in Thymus serpyllum (41.03%), geranial in Thymus sipyleus (13.72%) and Melissa officinalis (30.4), 4-terpineol in Origanum majorana (31.67%), linalool in Ocimum basilicum (30.23%), carvone in Mentha spicata (55.58%), 1,8 cineole in Lavandula stoechas var. stoechas (35.5%), Laurus nobilis (35.5%) and Rosmarinus officinalis (18.47%), camphor in Salvia officinalis (24.59%) and trans-anethole in Foeniculum vulgare (82.8%) essential oils, respectively. Based on inhibition zone diameter values, essential oils showed very strong antibacterial activities against P.savastanoi pv. savastanoi (7.0-44.67 mm), followed by R.radiobacter (9.6-37.67 mm) and P.savastanoi pv. nerii (6.33-18.33 mm). Essential oils of plants belong to Lamiaceae family were generally found to be more efficient than those belong to Lauraceae and Apiaceae families. The essential oils of O.syriacum, T.serpyllum and T.spicata var. spicata were found to be the most promising essential oils displaying the highest antibacterial activities against all tested bacterial species. The findings of the present study revealed that essential oils have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents against gall forming bacterial disease agents.Öğe Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) against the growth of food-borne and seed-borne pathogenic bacteria(Codon Publications, 2009) Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E.M.; Evrendilek, G.A.In the present study, the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of bitter fennel [Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) and dill [Anethumgraveolens L.) were investigated against food-borne and seed- borne pathogenic bacteria. The chemical composition of bitter fennel and dill essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major compounds found in the essential oils of bitter fennel and dill were estragole (37.6%) and limonene (33.1%), respectively. These essential oils have antibacterial activity against food-borne as well as seed-borne pathogenic bac-teria. Fennel essential oil had the highest antibacterial activity against the food-borne bacterial pathogen Staph- ylococus aureus, while dill essential oil had the highest antibacterial activ-ity against seed-borne pathogenic Cla- vibacter michiganensis subsp. michi- ganensis. Amongst all the bacterial species tested, the plant pathogenic agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato had the greatest resistance to both essential oils. Considering the significant level of bacterial growth inhibition of seed-borne and food-borne pathogens, essential oils or their components could be promising seed disinfectants or food additives in appropriate products.Öğe CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF BITTER FENNEL (FOENICULUM YULGARE MILL. VAR. VULGARE) AND DILL (ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS L.) AGAINST THE GROWTH OF FOOD-BORNE AND SEED-BORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA(Codon Publications, 2009) Soylu, Soner; Soylu, E. M.; Evrendilek, G. A.In the present study, the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) and dill (Anethum graveolens L.) were investigated against food-borne and seed-borne pathogenic bacteria. The chemical composition of bitter fennel and dill essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major compounds found in the essential oils of bitter fennel and dill were estragole (37.6%) and limonene (33.1%), respectively. These essential oils have antibacterial activity against food-borne as well as seed-borne pathogenic bacteria. Fennel essential oil had the highest antibacterial activity against the food-borne bacterial pathogen Staphylococus aureus, while dill essential oil had the highest antibacterial activity against seed-borne pathogenic Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. Amongst all the bacterial species tested, the plant pathogenic agent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato had the greatest resistance to both essential oils. Considering the significant level of bacterial growth inhibition of seed-borne and food-borne pathogens, essential oils or their components could be promising seed disinfectants or food additives in appropriate products.Öğe Chemical compositions and in vitro antifungal activities of essential oils obtained from different Origanum species against postharvest gray mold rot of persimmon fruit(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2022) Kara, M.; Türkmen, M.; Soylu, SonerA gray mold disease agent, Botrytis cinerea causes considerable losses during storage and transportation of persimmon fruit. Although fungicides were commonly used for postharvest disease management of persimmon fruit, restrictive regulations regarding fungicide residues, the emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates, and increasing public concern on pesticide have led to a global increase in the need for safer postharvest alternatives to control the decay of fruits. In this study chemical compositions and antifungal activities of essential oils (EOs) obtained from different Origanum species, such as O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites, O. minutiflorum and O. majorana were determined. The antifungal activities were determined by measuring inhibitory effect against mycelial growth of B. cinerea in vitro. Chemical compositions of EOs of O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites and O. minutiflorum were characterized with the presence of high amounts of carvacrol, thymol and ?-terpinene as major compounds. Different concentrations of the EOs were found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea in a dose-dependent manner. Among the EOs tested, EOs from O. syriacum showed the strongest antifungal activity, with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 ?L Petri-1 followed by O. vulgare, O. onites and O. minutiflorum EOs with MIC values of 0.75, 1.0 and 2.0 ?L Petri-1, respectively. Complete mycelial growth inhibition of B. cinerea by EOs of O. majorana was observed at relatively higher concentration (8.0 ?L Petri-1). The high antifungal activities of EOs of O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites, O. minutiflorum appear to be related to their chemical compositions. Chemical compositions of O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites, O. minutiflorum EOs were characterized as rich in carvacrol and thymol. The strong antifungal activities displayed by EOs rich in carvacrol and thymol from O. syriacum, O. vulgare, O. onites and O. minutiflorum may be considered as good alternatives for developing bio-fungicides to suppress the postharvest disease agent tested in this study. © 2022 International Society for Horticultural Science. All rights reserved.Öğe Chemical Compositions and Insecticidal Activities of the Essential Oils from Several Medicinal Plants Against the Cotton Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2010) Sertkaya, Erdal; Kaya, Kamuran; Soylu, SonerChemical compositions and insecticidal activities of plant essential oils obtained from medicinal plants, thyme (Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and laurel (Laurus nobilis), were investigated against adults of cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.). Volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were used to determine insecticidal activities. Major compounds found in essential oils of thyme, rosemary, fennel and laurel were carvacrol (70.9 %) borneol (20.4 %), trans-anethole (82.8 %) and 1,8-cineole (35.5 %) respectively. Laboratory bioassay results indicated that all essential oils caused adult mortality of whitefly at different concentrations that are not phytotoxic to the host plant. All essential oils showed insecticidal activities in a dose-dependent manner. Essential oil of thyme had a marked insecticidal activity against whitefly adults. Adult viability was totally affected by thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary at the concentrations of 5.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 30.0 mu g mL(-1) air, respectively. Estimated mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the essential oils of thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary were 0.44, 1.82, 7.06 and 2.86 mu g mL(-1) air, respectively. The results of the present study concluded that plant essential oils could be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for pest control from the plants with medicinal values.Öğe Chemical compositions and insecticidal activities of the essential oils from several medicinal plants against the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci(Chemical Publishing Co., 2010) Sertkaya, Erdal; Kaya, Kamuran; Soylu, SonerChemical compositions and insecticidal activities of plant essential oils obtained from medicinal plants, thyme (Thymbra spicata subsp. spicata), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and laurel (Laurus nobilis), were investigated against adults of cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.). Volatile phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils used were used to determine insecticidal activities. Major compounds found in essential oils of thyme, rosemary, fennel and laurel were carvacrol (70.9 %), borneol (20.4 %), transanethole (82.8 %) and 1,8-cineole (35.5 %), respectively. Laboratory bioassay results indicated that all essential oils caused adult mortality of whitefly at different concentrations that are not phytotoxic to the host plant. All essential oils showed insecticidal activities in a dosedependent manner. Essential oil of thyme had a marked insecticidal activity against whitefly adults. Adult viability was totally affected by thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary at the concentrations of 5.0, 20.0, 30.0 and 30.0 ?g mL-1 air, respectively. Estimated mean lethal concentrations (LC50) of the essential oils of thyme, laurel, fennel and rosemary were 0.44, 1.82, 7.06 and 2.86 ?g mL-1 air, respectively. The results of the present study concluded that plant essential oils could be useful in promoting research aiming at the development of new agent for pest control from the plants with medicinal values.Öğe Comparison by Sequence-Based and Electron Microscopic Analyses of Fig mosaic virus Isolates Obtained from Field and Experimentally Inoculated Fig Plants(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2010) Caglayan, Kadriye; Serce, Cigdem Ulubas; Barutcu, Eminur; Kaya, Kamuran; Medina, Vicente; Gazel, Mona; Soylu, SonerFig mosaic disease (FMD) and the fig mite, Aceria ficus, are widespread in different fig growing provinces of Turkey. Fig trees (Ficus carica) cv. Bursa siyahi (D1) and an unknown seedling (D2) that showed typical FMD symptoms and was heavily infested by fig mites were used as donor plants for attempted mite transmissions to healthy fig seedlings. Transmission electron microscopy observations of donor plant samples prior to the transmission tests were performed and showed the presence of double membrane bodies (DMBs) in the palisade mesophyll cells. Electron microscopy of all experimentally inoculated fig seedlings showed the same bodies. This result reinforced the suggestion that an agent that elicits the production of DMBs in infected cells is involved in the etiology of FMD. Double-stranded (ds)RNA analyses were also performed from experimentally inoculated plants, and dsRNAs with sizes approximately 1.30 and 1.96 kb were obtained. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of 468 and 298 bp specific to Fig mosaic virus (FMV) were amplified from both donor and experimentally inoculated plants. BLAST analyses of nucleotide sequences of these fragments showed 90% identity with FMV for the donor plant and 94 to 96% for experimentally inoculated plants. According to these results, FMV is present in both donor and experimentally inoculated plants in Turkey, and this virus is transmissible by A. ficus from fig plant to fig plant.Öğe Corm and root rot of Colocasia esculenta caused by Ovatisporangium vexans and Rhizoctonia solani(Ars Docendi, 2014) Dervis, Sibel; Soylu, Soner; Serce, Cigdem UlubasOvatisporangium vexans (de Bary) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakis. and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn were isolated from the decayed parts of roots and corms of wilted taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.) plants. Although both pathogens were identified according to morphological and pathogenicity characteristics, O. vexans identification was further confirmed based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 28S rRNA genes using the ITS6 and ITS4 primers. Early symptoms on leaves appeared as pale yellow color, partial rolling of leaf margins and withering of seedlings. Rotting or decay started at the collar region and it spread to roots and corms. In severe cases, the collar region broke off and the seedling collapsed. Inoculating these isolates separately into mature taro plants and corms resulted in symptoms similar to root and corm rots observed on naturally infected plants. Both disease agents were re-isolated from the inoculated tissues. Since symptoms caused by co-inoculation of O. vexans with R. solani together were more severe, combination of two pathogens induced the greatest plant mortality. This is the first report of corm and root rot disease caused by O. vexans and R. solani complex on taro plants in Turkey. This is also the first record of O. vexans in Turkey.Öğe DESCRIPTION OF GLOCHIDIA OF THREE SPECIES OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS (UNIONIDAE) FROM SOUTHEASTERN TURKEY(Inst Malacol, 2009) Sereflisan, Huelya; Sereflisan, Menderes; Soylu, Soner[Abstract Not Available]
