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Öğe A comparison of levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in raw and cooked fish(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Sungur, Sana; Kanan, Erdi; Koroglu, MuazNumerous studies have been conducted to determine perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contents of fish consumed by people in different regions and countries. However, study concerning the effects of cooking on the increase or decrease of perfluorinated compounds in fish is rather limited. The effectiveness of three cooking methods (e.g. baking, boiling, frying) on reducing PFOA and PFOS levels in eight fish species was examined. All cooking methods reduced PFOA and PFOS concentrations. The results showed that the greatest reduction in fish PFOA and PFOS contents occurred in the frying of sunflower oil for 20 min. As a result of the 20 min frying process in sunflower oil, 70% to 86% decrease in PFOA amounts and 82% to 89% reduction in PFOS amounts were determined.Öğe Determination of bisphenol a migrating from canned food and beverages in markets(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2014) Sungur, Sana; Koroglu, Muaz; Ozkan, AbdoThe determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in foods and beverages sold in Turkish markets was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. In this research, foods packed in packages with an inner surface covered with plastic film, such as milk, fruit juice, cream, pudding and tuna samples were used. Furthermore, foods in glass jar and metal cans such as green peas, garniture, corn, tomato paste, pepper paste, pickles, mushroom and bean samples were also used. BPA concentrations were 21.86 +/- 0.80-1858.71 8.24 mu g kg(-1), for canned foodstuffs, 36.48 +/- 0.95-554.69 +/- 3.18 mu g kg(-1) for foods in paper box, not detected - 399.21 +/- 3.26 mu g kg(-1) for foods in glass jar. The change in the amount of bisphenol A in all of these food, based on expiration date, the amount of glucose and sodium chloride in it has been determined. We see that in these kind of food the amount of bisphenol A increases with an increase in the amount of glucose, NaCl and expiration date. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of Chromium Species in Various Medicinal Plants Consumed in Hatay Region in Turkey(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Sungur, Sana; Kilboz, Yusuf; Atan, M. MericIn this study, 22 species of medicinal plants (anise, centaury, chamomile, fennel, flax, green tea, indian hemp, laurel, licorice, linden, marestail, melissa, nettle, oat, red clover, riesenfenchel, rosehip, rosemary, sage, senna tea, yam, yarrow) were taken from five different local herbalists in Hatay. Chromium concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The highest chromium concentrations were detected in chamomile (4.21 +/- 0.18 mg kg(-1)), licorice (2.80 +/- 0.12 mg kg(-1)), melissa (2.71 +/- 0.10 mg kg(-1)), marestail (2.66 +/- 0.10 mg kg(-1)), and anise (1.98 +/- 0.06 mg kg(-1)). Minimal concentrations of chromium were found in riesenfenchel (0.33 +/- 0.01 mg kg(-1)), red clover (0.37 +/- 0.01 mg kg(-1)), centaury (0.43 +/- 0.01 mg kg(-1)), senna tea (0.49 +/- 0.01 mg kg(-1)), and linden (0.50 +/- 0.01 mg kg(-1)). Cr(III) and Cr(VI) concentrations in medicinal herbs were found in the range of 0.26-3.12 mg kg(-1) and 0.07-1.09 mg kg(-1), respectively.Öğe Determination of Metal Contents of Various Fibers Used in Textile Industry by MP-AES(Hindawi Ltd, 2015) Sungur, Sana; Gulmez, FatihThe concentrations of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) invarious textilefibers (cotton, acrylic, polyester, nylon, viscose, and polypropylene) of different colors (red, white, green, blue, yellow, orange, black, brown, purple, pink, navy, burgundy, beige, and grey) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). Textile fibers were collected from the various textile plants in Gaziantep-Kahramanmaras,, Turkey. Heavy metals concentrations in all examined textile fibers after wet digestion were found to be high, whereas in the artificial sweat extract they were low. The only lead concentrations in textile fibers analyzed after extraction in the artificial sweat solution were found higher than limit values given by Oeko-Tex.Öğe Determination of nitrate, nitrite and perchlorate anions in meat, milk and their products consumed in Hatay region in Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Sungur, Sana; Atan, Muhammet MericNitrates and nitrites added to food can cause formation of cancerous N-nitroso compounds, whereas exposure to perchlorate is especially emphasised as an important risk factor for newborns' health. In this study, nitrate, nitrite and perchlorate concentrations in meat and milk products consumed in the Hatay region of Turkey were determined. Nitrate and nitrite were analysed with a spectrophotometric method, and perchlorate analysed via ion chromatography. The detected sodium nitrate and nitrite amounts in meat consumed in the Hatay region are less than the maximum levels as declared in the Turkish Food Codex. The amount of perchlorate was considered not to pose a threat as well. However, in 50% of the cheese samples, sodium nitrate amounts were found to be more than the maximum acceptable level in the Turkish Food Codex.Öğe Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contents of compost amended soils and plants grown in these soils(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Sungur, Sana; Cevik, Burcu; Koroglu, MuazDietary intake is a major route of exposure to perfluorinated compounds. In the case of exposure to these compounds by nutrition, the consumption of agricultural products is one of the most important places. Biological wastes are converted into composts and are often used for fertiliser purposes to prevent spreading of waste to large areas. These practices cause agricultural areas to be contaminated with perfluorinated compounds and to first pass on to the plants growing on these soils and then to animals and infestations through the food chain. In this study, firstly, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS) levels were determined in five different composts. Mean PFOA and PFOS concentrations were between 26.1-102.0 ng g(-1) and 0.211-0.649 ng g(-1), respectively. After sowing wheat and corn, compost was applied. The amount of PFOA and PFOS that passed to the stalks, leaves, and grains of wheat and corn was determined. Obtained results showed that the total perfluorinated compounds migration decreased as follows: stalk>leaf>grain. Furthermore, the effects of PFOA and PFOS on chlorophyll concentration and soluble protein were examined. A decrease in chlorophyll formation and soluble protein content was observed with increasing PFOA and PFOS concentrations.Öğe Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in food and beverages(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Sungur, Sana; Koroglu, Muaz; Turgut, FarukThe determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in food and beverages sold in Turkey was carried out using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 123 samples of selected food and beverages such as fish, meat, offal, egg, cracker, chips, cake, chocolate, vegetable, milk and juice were examined. The highest PFOA concentrations were determined in cow meat (5.15 ng g(-1)), cow kidney (5.65 ng g(-1)), cow spleen (5.06 ng g(-1)) and chicken liver (5.02 ng g(-1)). The highest PFOS levels were found in horse mackerel (52.43 ng g(-1)), pike-perch (45.87 ng g(-1)), sardine (42.83 ng g(-1)) and black cod (41.33 ng g(-1)). Fish was found to be major source of the PFOS intake, while meat and offal were found to be major sources of the PFOA intake.Öğe Determination of Phthalates Migrating from Plastic Containers into Beverages(Springer, 2015) Ustun, Ihsan; Sungur, Sana; Okur, Ramazan; Sumbul, Ahmet Taner; Oktar, Suleyman; Yilmaz, Nigar; Gokce, CumaliThe determination of phthalates in beverages (soda, lemonade, cola, mineral water) sold in Turkish markets was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean phthalate concentrations were determined to be between 0.095 and 0.633 mg/L in soda, 0.018 and 1.219 mg/L in lemonade, 0.019 and 1.123 mg/L in cola, and 0.085 and 0.312 mg/L in mineral water. bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) showed the highest level of migration into beverages. Furthermore, the influence of the type of preservative (sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate + potassium sorbate) and storage time were determined.Öğe Determination of Serum Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Levels with Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2021) Erdal, Huseyin; Sungur, Sana; Koroglu, Muaz; Turgut, FarukThe aim of this study is to investigate the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) levels in patients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sixty-one CKD stage 1-4 patients who applied to the nephrology outpatient clinic were recruited. A control group consisting of 26 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were also included in the study. Concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were determined by comparing their peak areas with their standard curves. All samples were analyzed three times. The average values of blank samples were subtracted from the detected PFOA and PFOS values. PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly higher in CKD group than the controls (11.4 +/- 7.47, 0.45 +/- 0.55; 0.13 +/- 0. 17, 0.19 +/- 0.4 ng/mL, respectively) (P = 0.001). Hemoglobin, serum albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels were significantly lower and potassium and uric acid levels were higher in the CKD group than the controls. PFOA and PFOS levels were significantly higher in all stages of CKD patients than healthy controls. However, there was no correlation between eGFR, and PFOS and PFOA. We have demonstrated significantly increased PFOA and PFOS concentrations in different stages of CKD patients. We could not find an association between eGFR, age, and serum PFOS and PFOA concentrations.Öğe Determination of titanium dioxide nanoparticles used in various foods(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Sungur, Sana; Kaya, Pinar; Koroglu, MuazTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used in foods with code E171. There is information on the food packaging that it contains E171 in the ingredients section. However, there is no information on the amount of E171 used as ingredient. Therefore, determination of TiO2 content of foods is extremely important for human health. In this study, confectionary foods, chewing gums, chocolates and white colored foods were investigated. TiO2 levels of investigated foods were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The average titanium dioxide concentrations were found ranging from 3 to 2400 mg kg(-1). The size of TiO2 particles in the foods samples was determined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the studied foods were found to vary in size from 30 to 410 nm.Öğe Dietary exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS): a review of recent literature(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Sungur, SanaPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) are part of a family of perfluorinated chemicals that are used in protective coatings of all sorts. Due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, such as chemical and thermal inertness, low surface energy, and high surface-active properties, they have been used in a very wide variety of consumer and industrial applications. However, several perfluorinated compounds have been shown to be persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Therefore, the determination of amounts of PFOA and PFOS in the food stuffs is very important. The information reviewed in this paper suggests that continued human exposure to even relatively low concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in foodstuffs results in elevated body burdens that may increase the risk of health effects.Öğe Effects of supplementary choline on quail meat and fatty liver(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2017) Onel, Suleyman Ercument; Sungur, Sana; Baylan, MikailThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary choline on amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver. A hundred and thirty-six one-day-old Japanese quails were divided into eight equal groups of 17 quails each. The experiment was designed based on completely randomized design in two controls and six treatment groups: high stocking density, basal diet, control group (HSD; control 1); normal stocking density, basal diet, control group (NSD; control 2); HSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg(-1) choline (A); NSD, basal diet + 900 mg kg(-1) choline (B); HSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg(-1) choline (C); NSD, basal diet + 1800 mg kg(-1) choline (D); HSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg(-1) choline (E); and NSD, basal diet + 3600 mg kg(-1) choline (F). Feeds and water were supplied ad libitum. Continuous light was provided. Quails were kept in cages of 50 x 100 cm in size. The choline content of quail meat increased with increasing amount of added choline to feed. The highest choline content (439.2 and 561.2 mg kg(-1)) in quail meat was detected in E and F groups which fed the 3600 mg kg(-1) choline supplemented diet. The total lipid content of liver in E and F groups was reduced by 42% compared with the control groups. We recommend the use of supplementary choline that can improve the amount of choline passing to quail meat and reduction of fat deposition in liver.Öğe Higher Serum Bisphenol A Levels in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients(Karger, 2016) Turgut, Faruk; Sungur, Sana; Okur, Ramazan; Yaprak, Mustafa; Ozsan, Muge; Ustun, Ihsan; Gokce, CumaliBackground: Bisphenol A (BPA) has been implicated as an 'endocrine disruptor'. We aimed at exploring the association between serum BPA levels and patient characteristics, particularly the presence of diabetes mellitus, and laboratory parameters in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study included 47 chronic hemodialysis patients. Patient characteristics were recorded. Blood was drawn before and after hemodialysis session. Serum BPA levels were measured by the high-performance-liquid-chromatography and laboratory parameters were measured by using standard methods. Results: In hemodialysis patients, postdialysis serum BPA levels were significantly higher than predialysis after a single hemodialysis session (5.57 +/- 1.2 vs. 4.06 +/- 0.73, p < 0.0001). Predialysis serum BPA levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes than non-diabetics (4.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.7, p = 0.025). No association was found between serum BPA levels and patient characteristics, and particularly laboratory parameters. Conclusion: Serum BPA levels were rising significantly after a single dialysis session. Diabetic hemodialysis patients had higher predialysis serum BPA levels. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, BaselÖğe Investigation of complexes tannic acid and myricetin with Fe(III)(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2008) Sungur, Sana; Uzar, AtikeThe pH dependence of the complexes was determined by both potentiometric and spectrophotometric studies. Stability constants and stoichiometries of the formed complexes were determined using slope ratio method. Fe(III) was formed complexes with tannic acid of various stoichiometries, which in the 1: 1 molar ratio at pH < 3, in the 2:1 molar ratio at pH 3-7 and in the 4:1 molar ratio at pH > 7. Fe(III) was formed complexes with myricetin in the 1:2 molar ratio at pH 4 and 5 and in the 1:1 molar ratio at pH 6. Stability constant values were found to be 10(5) to 10(17) and 10(5) to 10(9) for Fe(III)-tannic acid complexes and Fe(III)-myricetin complexes. Both tannic acid and myricetin were possessed minimum affinities to Cu(II) and Zn(II). They had less affinity for Al(III) than for Fe(III). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits grown in various regions of Hatay, Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Sungur, Sana; Tunur, CetinIn this study, 175 pesticide residues in various vegetable and fruit samples grown in different regions of Hatay, Turkey, were investigated. Residue analyses were performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with the QuEChERS method. In tomato, plum and apricot samples, pesticide residues were below the limits of detection. In other samples, at least one pesticide residue was detected. Twelve pesticides (acetamiprid, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, fludioxonil, hexythiazox, imidacloprid, metalaxyl, pyridaben, pyriproxyfen, thiabendozole, triadimenol) were found at levels between 0.003 and 0.759 mg kg(-1). Only in cucumber samples, acetamiprid residues were found at levels greater than the maximum acceptable limit in Turkish Food Codex and European Union maximum residue limits (EU MRLs). In other samples, the detected residue amounts are less than the MRLs declared in the Turkish Food Codex and EU MRLs.Öğe Investigation of the effects of some parameters in the production of chromate from chromite ores in Iskenderun region(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2006) Sungur, Sana; Babaoglu, SibelThe conversion of chromite ore from iskenderun region into chromate was investigated. Firstly, the chromite ore was analysed using conventional chemical methods. Then, the effect of some parameters such as roasting time, temperature and the amount of additives on the conversion efficiency to the chromate was examined. The optimum roasting conditions were determined as 300 degrees C, 2 hours, 10 times the stoichiometrically required amounts of NaClO3 and 6 times the stoichiometrically required amounts of KOH. Under these conditions, the maximum recovery of chromate was found to be 100%. The product obtained from the roasting process was leached with water to produce a clean chromate solution. The effect of temperature and solid/liquid (S/L) ratio was investigated in the water leaching experiments. The optimum experimental results obtained were 100% at a 1:5 solid to water ratio at 25 degrees C and 20 min leaching period. The chromate solution was purified using conventional purification processes.Öğe Ion chromatographic determination of perchlorate in foods consumed in Hatay region(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Sungur, Sana; Sangun, M. KemalRecently, the exposure to perchlorate was emphasised as an important risk factor for human and especially newborn health. A number of studies were focused on this matter. In this study, samples of soil, vegetable (cabbage, spinach, lettuce, carrot, tomato, red cabbage), fruit (orange, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit), water, milk and fish were taken from 8 different regions of Hatay (Samandag, Kirikhan, Reyhanli, Amik Plain, Dortyol, Yayladagi, Altinozu, Erzin). An ion chromatography system (Shimadzu C196-E039A model) was used to determine the concentrations of perchlorate in the samples. 2.5 mM Phthalic acid and 2.4 mM tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solutions (pH = 4) were used as the mobile phase. A flow rate of 1.5 ml min(-1) and oven temperature of 40 degrees C were used during the analysis. The foods had perchlorate concentrations in the range of 0.236-1.218 mu g kg(-1). The perchlorate concentration varied from 0.30 +/- 0.01 to 0.94 +/- 0.021 mu g l(-1) in milk samples. Perchlorate concentrations were determined to be lower in the drinking waters (0.44 +/- 0.031 mu g l(-1)) compared to irrigation waters (0.59 +/- 0.03 mu g l(-1)). Perchlorate concentrations of the fish samples were ranged from 0.38 +/- 0.01 to 0.61 +/- 0.01 mu g kg(-1). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Migrated phthalate levels into edible oils(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Sungur, Sana; Okur, Ramazan; Turgut, Faruk Hilmi; Ustun, Ihsan; Gokce, CumaliThe determination of phthalates in edible oils (virgin olive oil, olive oil, canola oil, hazelnut oil, sunflower oil, corn oil) sold in Turkish markets was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean phthalate concentrations were between 0.102 and 3.863mgL(-1) in virgin olive oil; 0.172 and 6.486mgL(-1) in olive oil; 0.501 and 3.651mgL(-1) in hazelnut oil; 0.457 and 3.415mgL(-1) in canola oil; 2.227 and 6.673mgL(-1) in sunflower oil; and 1.585 and 6.248mgL(-1) in corn oil. Furthermore, the influence of the types of oil and container to the phthalate migration was investigated. The highest phthalate levels were measured in sunflower oil. The lowest phthalate levels were determined in virgin olive oil and hazelnut oil. The highest phthalate levels were determined in oil samples contained in polyethylene terephthalate.Öğe Phthalates in commonly used pharmaceuticals(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Sungur, Sana; Ciran, Mutasim; Koroglu, Muaz; Turgut, F. HilmiPhthalates are man-made, endocrine disrupting chemicals that are commonly used in plastics, medical applications, drugs, personal care products, cosmetics, perfumes, home furnishings, dyes, children's toys, food packaging. Animal studies have revealed that phthalates have many adverse health effects. Since phthalates do not dissolve in acidic environments, they are only soluble in neutral or basic environments, they are frequently used in gastro-resistant film coatings of drugs that are not intended to dissolve in the stomach and that need to be dissolved directly in the intestine. Within the scope of this study, phthalates and their amounts in frequently used drugs in our country were determined by GC-MS and the potential health risks of patients using such drugs were evaluated. It was determined that the total phthalate concentrations in the examined drug samples ranged between 0.209 and 4.800 mg kg(-1), and the amounts in a single tablet ranged between 2.7x 10(-5) and 1.5x 10(-3 )mg/tablet. The highest concentrations of total phthalate were found in cholesterol (4.800 mg kg(-1)) and blood pressure lowering drugs (4.442 mg kg(-1)). The calculated hazard index values were found to be less than one. This showed that the phthalates detected in the drugs examined did not pose a risk to human health.Öğe The relationship between phthalates and obesity: serum and urine concentrations of phthalates(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2017) Oktar, Suleyman; Sungur, Sana; Okur, Ramazan; Yilmaz, Nigar; Ustun, Ihsan; Gokce, CumaliBACKGROUND: A limited number of human and animal studies suggest that a relationship exists between phthalates and obesity, although this is not supported by all research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the levels of phthalates in human blood and urine samples. METHODS: Sixty-four overweight or 132 obese individuals (total=196) of different ages (min-max, 17-62; mean SD, 42.07 +/- 11.3) and genders (F:M 97:99) enrolled in the study. BMI and waist circumference were measured to diagnose obesity. Venous blood samples were taken after overnight fasting. To compare the urine phthalates among participants, single spot urine (at least 10 mL) was collected from the subject after blood samples were taken. Urine and blood phthalate concentrations were measured using gas chromatography. RESULTS: Total blood/urinary phthalate levels significantly increased in proportion to the degree of obesity. There was a high correlation between the level of total phthalates in serum and BMI (p=0.697, P<0.001), and between total urinary phthalate levels and BMI (p=0.707, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to have shown that both blood and urinary phthalates increased in proportion to BMI. The results show a strong association between obesity and phthalates.
