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Öğe Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Various Tissues of Six Ray Species from A°skenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea(Springer, 2013) Turkmen, Mustafa; Tepe, Yalcin; Turkmen, Aysun; Sangun, M. Kemal; Ates, Alpaslan; Genc, ErcumentThis study was performed to investigate the heavy metal concentrations in muscle, liver, gill and intestine of six ray species from A degrees skenderun Bay. The present study is the first for rays in A degrees skenderun Bay, providing valuable preliminary information about heavy metal contents in different tissues of the examined ray species from the bay, and indirectly, indicating the environmental contamination of A degrees skenderun Bay. Heavy metal levels in intestines were generally higher than those in other tissues for all species. Metal levels in ray muscle tissue were below the international maximum allowable levels for fish and fishery products, as well as Turkish national guidelines, with the exception of the highest value for Cd in Dasyatis pastinaca.Öğe Assessment of Heavy Metals in Fourteen Marine Fish Species of Four Turkish Seas(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2015) Ates, Alpaslan; Turkmen, Mustafa; Tepe, YalcinHeavy metal concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn in muscles and livers of fourteen fish species from seven stations of four Turkish Seas viz. Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea, were monitored. Metal concentrations in muscles of fish species were found <0.01-0.43 mg kg(-1) for cadmium, <0.01-0.41 mg kg(-1) for cobalt, 0.03-2.08 mg kg(-1) for chromium, 0.16-10.7 mg kg(-1) for copper, 5.31-115 mg kg(-1) for iron, 0.07-3.62 mg kg(-1) for manganese, 0.01-3.43 mg kg(-1) for nickel, 0.15-1.15 mg kg(-1) for lead, 4.17-22.4 mg kg(-1) for zinc, respectively. All metal concentrations in livers were higher than those of in muscles for the same species. Metal concentrations in the edible parts of fish were assessed for human consumption by comparison with Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) values. The values of all metals in muscles of analyzed fish in the present study stayed below the established limit values. Consequently, it might be concluded that these metals in the edible parts of the examined species should not pose any public health problems.Öğe Assessment of heavy metals in two commercial fish species of four Turkish seas(Springer, 2008) Tepe, Yalcin; Turkmen, Mustafa; Turkmen, AysunThere is an increasingly need to assess the contaminant levels in fish as indicators of the health and well-being of both the fish and their consumers, including humans. Fish samples were collected through the coastal waters of Turkey and the contents of cadmium, copper, chrome, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and lead in the liver and muscle tissues were determined by ICP-AES. The highest levels of each metal were found in the liver and this was followed by the muscle in both species. Among the metals analyzed, Cu, Zn and Fe were the most abundant in the different tissues while Cd and Pb were the least abundant both in Mullus barbatus (red mullet) and Merlangius merlangus (whiting). Regional changes in metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe and Zn) concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these variations may not influence consumption advisories.Öğe The changes in digestive enzymes and hormones of gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus aurata, L 1758) fed on Artemia nauplii enriched with free methionine(Springer, 2009) Naz, Mehmet; Turkmen, MustafaVariations in digestive enzymes and hormones during the larval development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed on live prey (Artemia nauplii) enriched with free methionine were investigated for 16 days (from day 24 to day 40). Prior to initiation of the experiment, newly hatched larvae were transferred from incubators to fiber glass tanks (300 l) with black walls and fed with same diets until day 24. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. In the experimental group, the content of the free methionine in the Artemia nauplii was increased by adding a 5.3 mM free methionine solution to the culture water during a 16-h enrichment period. The larvae of both the control and enriched-methionine groups were sampled four times, with 4-day intervals between samplings, during a 16-day period. The larvae in the control group had a significantly lower growth than those of the methionine group at the end of the study (P < 0.05). The highest trypsin activity and leucine aminopeptidase N/leucine-alanine peptidase ratios were observed in the control group. A significant difference between bombesin activities in the treatment groups was not found at 5th minute after the initiation of feeding (P > 0.05), but they were significant at 15th minute post-initiation of feeding (P < 0.05). A significant difference between the cholecystokinin levels of the treatment groups was found (P < 0.05).Öğe Changes in the digestive enzymes and hormones of gilthead seabream larvae (Sparus aurata, L. 1758) fed on Artemia nauplii enriched with free lysine(Springer, 2009) Naz, Mehmet; Turkmen, MustafaVariations in digestive enzymes and hormones during the larval development of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed on live prey (Artemia nauplii) enriched with free lysine were investigated for 16 days (from day 24 to day 40). Prior to initiation of the experiment, newly hatched larvae were transferred from incubators to fiber glass tanks (300 l) with black walls and fed the same diet until day 24. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. The amount of free lysine in the Artemia nauplii was increased by adding a 5.3 mM free amino acid solution to the culture water during a 16-h enrichment period. Larvae were sampled four times at four-day intervals, for 16 days. Larvae fed on the control group had lower growth than those fed on the lysine group at the end of the study but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The highest trypsin activity and lap/leu-ala peptidase ratios were observed in the control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences between bombesin activities of the treatment groups were not found in the fifth minute after the start of feeding (P > 0.05) but were significant in the fifteenth minute (P < 0.05). Significant differences between the CCK levels of the treatment groups were found (P < 0.05). In conclusion, three main ideas are presented in this study. First, Artemia nauplii can successfully be enriched with free lysine. Second, bombesin (GRP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) activity can be stimulated by free lysine. Third, the mechanisms controlling adaptation of the activity of the trypsin to the amount of dietary protein were not activated until day 40.Öğe Determination of metal contaminations in sea foods from Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas: Twelve fish species(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2008) Turkmen, Mustafa; Turkmen, Aysun; Tepe, Yalcin; Ates, Alpaslan; Gokkus, Kutalmis[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Determination of metals in fish and mussel species by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2007) Turkmen, Mustafa; Ciminli, CananThe concentrations of cadmium, iron, lead, zinc, copper, manganese, nickel, chromium and cobalt were determined by ICP-AES in muscles, livers, gills and skins of two fish (Clarias gariepinus and Carasobarbus luteus), and in muscles and gills of two mussel species (Unio terminalis and Potamida littoralis) sampled from the Lake Golbasi. Iron showed the highest levels in all examined tissues of both fish species. Following Fe; Zn showed the second highest levels in all examined tissues of both fish species except Mn levels in muscle and gill of C. luteus. In both mussel species, to the contrary fish, manganese showed the highest levels in examined tissues, and followed by Fe. In both fish species, the all metal concentrations in livers were higher than those in muscles. Concentrations in tissues of the analyzed metals were significantly affected by species. There were differences between the metal levels in the similar tissues of the different species (p < 0.05). At the same time, there was also the differences between the metal concentrations in different tissues of the same species (p < 0.05). Metal levels in tissues were compared with national and international permissible limits. Metal concentrations in both edible and other tissues of the sampled species were within the permissible safety levels for human uses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of metals in fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean seas(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2009) Turkmen, Mustafa; Turkmen, Aysun; Tepe, Yalcin; Tore, Yalcin; Ates, AlpaslanDetermination of metal levels in muscles and livers of twelve fish species from Aegean Sea and Mediterranean Sea by ICP-AES was made. The levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in muscles of fish were <0.01-0.39, <0.01-0.45, 0.07-1.48, 0.51-7.05, 9.18-136, 0.18-2.78, 0.03-1.72, 0.21-1.28 and 3.51-53.5 mg kg(-1), respectively. Metal levels in muscles were generally lower than those in livers. Metal concentrations in the edible parts of fish were assessed for human uses according to provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) and provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). The estimated values of all metals in muscles of fish in this study were below the established values. Therefore, it can be concluded that these metals in edible parts of the examined species should pose no health problems for consumers. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Digestive Enzymes and Hormones in Gilthead Seabream Larvae (Sparus aurata) Fed Artemia Nauplii Enriched with Free Histidine(Israeli Journal Of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2008) Naz, Mehmet; Turkmen, MustafaThe digestive enzymes and hormones of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae fed live prey (Artemia nauplii) enriched with free histidine were investigated for 16 days (from day 24 to day 40 after hatching). Larvae were sampled at 4-day intervals. The control group had significantly lower growth than the enriched group (p<0.05). Trypsin activity was higher in the control (P<0.05). Bombesin activity significantly differed between treatments, periods, and period x treatment interactions and the cholecystokinin level was significantly higher in the enriched groups (p<0.05). Results indicate that Artemia nauplii can successfully be enriched with free histidine, bombesin and cholecystokinin activity can be stimulated by free histidine, and mechanisms controlling the adaptation of trypsin activity to the amount of dietary protein were not activated within the 40-day study period.Öğe An effective triple-band enhanced-infrared-absorption detection by honeycomb-shaped metamaterial-plasmonic absorber(Elsevier Science Sa, 2019) Aslan, Erdem; Aslan, Ekin; Saracoglu, Omer Galip; Turkmen, MustafaNowadays, accessing to new electromagnetic properties can be realized by fabricating metamaterials consist of artificial functional and subwavelength-scaled structures. Promoting artificial and functional metamaterial designs with large electromagnetic near-field enhancement especially over throughout multiband spectral range can provide critical contributions for infrared spectroscopy applications. In this context, the design and experimental realization of a photonic metamaterial are presented which can be utilized as an infrared biosensor. We utilize a honeycomb-shaped plasmonic nanoantenna for the design of the proposed novel absorber metamaterial. The fabrication and optical characterization of the structures are carried out and the sensor potential of the metamaterial is demonstrated through the detection of a polymer nanofilm. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Heavy Metal Contaminants in Tissues of the Garfish, Belone belone L., 1761, and the Bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix L., 1766, from Turkey Waters(Springer, 2009) Turkmen, Aysun; Tepe, Yalcin; Turkmen, Mustafa; Mutlu, EkremLevels of contaminants in fish are of particular interest because of the potential risk to humans who consume them. Fish samples were collected through the coastal waters of Turkey and the contents of cadmium, cobalt, chrome, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and lead in the liver and muscle tissues were determined. Among the metals analyzed, copper, zinc and iron were the most abundant in the different tissues while cadmium and lead were the least abundant both in Belone belone and Pomatomus saltatrix. Metal concentrations in muscles of fish species were found 0.01-0.38 mg kg(-1) for cadmium, 0.01-0.53 mg kg(-1) for cobalt, 0.05-1.87 mg kg(-1) for chromium, 0.21-5.89 mg kg(-1) for copper, 9.99-43.3 mg kg(-1) for iron, 0.14-1.33 mg kg(-1) for manganese, 0.06-4.70 mg kg(-1) for nickel, 0.09-0.81 mg kg(-1) for lead, 3.85-15.9 mg kg(-1) for zinc, respectively. Regional changes in metal concentration were observed in the tissues of both species, but these variations may not influence consumption advisories.Öğe Metal contaminations in five fish species from Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, Turkey(Soc Chilena Quimica, 2008) Turkmen, Mustafa; Turkmen, Aysun; Tepe, YalcinThe concentrations of cadmium, copper, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, zinc and lead in muscle and liver tissues of the fish samples collected from seven stations in the coastal waters of Turkey and were determined. Iron showed the highest levels in both tissues of fish and all stations. Following Fe; Zn generally showed the second highest levels. Metal concentrations in edible parts of fish species were 0.02-0.30 mg kg(-1) for cadmium, 0.04-0.26 mg kg(-1) for cobalt, 0.07-1.19 mg kg(-1) for chromium, 0.34-16.7 mg kg(-1) for copper, 18.5-72.3 mg kg(-1) for iron, 0.07-2.58 mg kg(-1) for manganese, 0.01-2.78 mg kg(-1) for nickel, 0.04-1.34 mg kg(-1) for lead. 3.36-42.6 mg kg(-1) for zinc respectively. In general, metal concentrations in livers were higher than those in muscles. Cadmium, chromium and lead concentrations in muscles of fish from some stations were higher than permissible safety levels for human uses.Öğe Metal levels in tissues of the European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758, and picarel, Spicara smaris L., 1758, from Black, Marmara and Aegean seas(Springer, 2008) Turkmen, Aysun; Tepe, Yalcin; Turkmen, MustafaLevels of metals in commercially important two species, Engraulis encrasicolus L., 1758 and Spicara smaris L, 1758 from Black, Marmara and Aegean seas, Turkey was evaluated. The concentration ranges of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in the samples were 0.01-0.07, 0.01-0.08, 0.09-0.51, 0.21-8.58, 11.9-169, 0.14-2.82, 0.06-1.51, 0.12-0.87, 7.12-45.6 mg kg(-1) for muscles, and 0.06-0.69, 0.06-0.53, 0.28-2.97, 0.99-30.7, 55.2-316, 0.72-9.67, 0.47-11.6, 0.26-3.38, 12.5-145 mg kg(-1) for livers, respectively. The present study show that although different metals were present in the samples at different levels but within the maximum residual levels prescribed by the TKB and FAO the specimens from these areas, in general, are safe for human consumption.Öğe Novel Dual-Band Resonator Nanoantenna Array for Infrared Detection Applications(Myu, Scientific Publishing Division, 2013) Aslan, Erdem; Turkmen, MustafaWe propose a novel dual-band resonator nanoantenna array based on fence-shaped nanoparticles for infrared detection applications. Here, we demonstrate that the proposed antenna has a dual-band spectral response, and the locations of these resonances can be adjusted by varying the geometrical dimensions. To enable further discussions on the physical origin of the dual-band resonance behavior of the structure, we determine the parameter dependence of this nanoparticle-based nanoantenna array. Furthermore, we analyze the field distributions of the structure at the corresponding resonance frequencies. Finally, we show the sensitivity of the resonant behavior to the refractive index and thickness of the dielectric load by embedding the structure in different cladding media. Owing to the dual-band spectral response and enhanced near-field distributions, the proposed resonator nanoantenna array with adjustable spectral responses can be useful for infrared detection applications.Öğe Novel dual-band resonator nanoantenna array for infrared detection applications(2013) Aslan, Erdem; Turkmen, MustafaWe propose a novel dual-band resonator nanoantenna array based on fence-shaped nanoparticles for infrared detection applications. Here, we demonstrate that the proposed antenna has a dual-band spectral response, and the locations of these resonances can be adjusted by varying the geometrical dimensions. To enable further discussions on the physical origin of the dual-band resonance behavior of the structure, we determine the parameter dependence of this nanoparticle-based nanoantenna array. Furthermore, we analyze the field distributions of the structure at the corresponding resonance frequencies. Finally, we show the sensitivity of the resonant behavior to the refractive index and thickness of the dielectric load by embedding the structure in different cladding media. Owing to the dual-band spectral response and enhanced near-field distributions, the proposed resonator nanoantenna array with adjustable spectral responses can be useful for infrared detection applications.Öğe The species composition and biomass of zooplankton in lake Golbasi (Hatay, Turkiye)(Ege Univ, 2006) Turkmen, Mustafa; Naz, Mehmet; Dinler, Z. MeteThe zooplanktonic fauna of lake Golbasi was investigated in samples collected from 2 stations between May, 2001, and April, 2002. The zooplankton of lake Golbasi consist mainly of Cladocera, Copepoda and Rotifera groups. A total of 27 species composed of 2 Cladocerans, 2 Copepoda and 23 rotifers were identified. During the 1-year study period, the most dominant group was Rotifera. The highest number of Rotifera were observed in second station in May, 2001. Although the species belonging to Copepoda were found, except in some months, Cladocera species were only observed in the first station, November 2001. Rotifera had the highest biomass in second station in May, 2001. Lake Golbasi has mesotrophic-eutrophic characteristics due to the seasonal distribution of zooplanktonic organisms. However, the lake has mesotrophic characteristics due to the eutrophication index value. As a result, it will be necessary to conduct further physical and chemical analyses of the lake water to obtain more detailed information about the trophic status of the lake.
