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Öğe Association between metabolic indicators and clinical endometritis during the transition period in Brown Swiss cows(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2021) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Pekcan, Mert; Kaya, Ufuk; Kurt, Serdal; Kuplulu, Sukru; Kacar, CihanThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between the serum macromineral, metabolite profiles, and the clinical endometritis during the transition period in Brown Swiss dairy cows. Sixty Brown Swiss dairy cows were used in the present study. Blood samples collected at d 10 (+/- 4) antepartum and 3, 10 and 30 (+/- 4) days in milk (DIM) to determine calcium (Ca), phosphorus, glucose, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) concentration measured during the postpartum period. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the cow-level thresholds for the subsequent development of clinical endometritis. In addition, pairwise comparisons were made of the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves for the thresholds of NEFA, Ca, and glucose predicting clinical endometritis. The mean Ca concentration at 3 DIM was 8.85 +/- 0.20 mg/dL in healthy cows compared to 8.30 +/- 0.22 mg/dL in cows that subsequently developed endometritis (P < 0.05). NEFA concentrations at 10 DIM and BHB concentration at 10 and 30 +/- 4 DIM were higher (P < 0.05) in cows that subsequently developed endometritis. Serum NEFA concentration at 10 days postpartum is the best predictor for diagnosis of clinical endometritis with the AUC values of 0.741. The cows with clinical endometritis also had significantly higher values of glucose at 3 DIM and lower BCS at 10 DIM (P < 0.05). While 58.6% of the cows that developed clinical endometritis were cyclic, 64.5% were cyclic in healthy cows at 30 +/- 4 DIM. Serum NEFA concentration was the only risk factor for clinical endometritis at 10 DIM. In addition, a decrease in serum Ca at 3 DIM and increase in NEFA and BHB concentrations at 10 and 30 +/- 4 DIM may be associated with clinical endometritis and delayed resumption activity on the ovaries.Öğe The Association of Intrauterine Antimicrobial Resistant Trueperella pyogenes with Cytological Endometrial Inflammation Status in Repeat Breeder Cows(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2022) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mustak, Inci Basak; Unal, Gultekin; Kaya, UfukThis study describes the presence of Trueperella pyogenes from routine bacteriological examination, sequence analysis for antimicrobial resistance of the identified bacteria, and the association of T. pyogenes with cytological endometrial inflammation status in 32 repeat breeder cow enrolled in the study. Intrauterine samples for bacteriological examination were collected with cotton swabs; samples for subclinical endometritis were collected with cytotape technique. Antimicrobial resistance to commonly used antibiotics was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Presence of the tetW gene responsible for tetracycline resistance was detected by PCR. Subclinical endometritis, breed, parity, calving history, early postpartum uterine infection, ovarian tissue findings, and body condition score were analyzed as potential factors for T. pyogenes presence in repeat breeder cows. A total of 15 isolates were identified as T. pyogenes. These were combined to analyze the results by both biochemical and sequence analysis of the 16s rDNA gene. Subclinical endometritis was detected in 37.5% cows. The T. pyogenes strains were highly resistant (100%) to bacitracin, tetracycline, neomycin, and oxytetracycline. All tetracycline resistant T. pyogenes strains were positive for the tetW gene. The variables had no effect on the presence of T. pyogenes in the repeat breeder cows. In conclusion, intrauterine T. pyogenes presence was not associated with subclinical endometritis, although T. pyogenes was detected in the later stages of lactation.Öğe Comparative evaluation of major milk quality parameters of Holstein and Simmental cows at different lactation stages under similar environmental conditions(Polish Soc Veterinary Sciences Editorial Office, 2023) Kaya, Ufuk; Ozkan, Huseyin; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Camdeviren, Baran; Gungor, Guven; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, SevdaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the composition and quality parameters of Simmental and Holstein cows' milk with different lactation stages under the same environmental conditions. Multiparous Holstein and Simmental cows from different lactation stages (n = 210) were included in the present study. MDA, SCC, composition, and fatty acid analyzes were performed from the collected milk samples. To determine the effect of breed, lactation stage and their interactions, linear mixed models were applied to these parameters. Among the breeds, only milk fat and pH were determined statistically significant as composition parameters. While C15:0 and C17:1 n8 were observed to be statistically significant for the breed factor, C18:2 n6 trans were statistically significant only for the lactation stage factor. Moreover, the fatty acids of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C16:0, C18:1 n9, C20:0 and C22:6 n3 were determined to be statistically significant in terms of interactions. For the fatty acid indices, SCFA, MCFA, n3 and n6/n3 were statistically significant in terms of interactions while SFA, MUFA, UFA and AI were statistically significant in terms of breeds. On the other hand, new studies are needed to investigate the differences between these breeds at the molecular level for milk quality and fatty acid synthesis.Öğe Comparison of blood metabolites and GSH-Px, SOD, MDA levels as a predictor of pregnancy in primiparous cows after the Presynch-Ovsynch protocol(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2022) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Kurt, Serdal; Terzi, Osman Safa; Kaya, Ufuk; Olgac, Kemal TunaThe reactive oxygen species level and antioxidants have determinative roles in gamete development, steroid synthesis and fertilization. The objective of the current study was to compare some metabolic and antioxidant parameters in primiparous cows with and without pregnancy after the presynch-ovsynch protocol in the postpartum period. Sixty dairy cows were allocated to two groups according to their pregnancy status after timed artificial insemination following the presynch-ovsynch protocol. Blood samples were collected at the day of presynch-ovsynch protocol started, at AI and at pregnancy examination to determine glucose, urea, total protein, phosphorus and calcium, GSH-Px, SOD and MDA levels. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the cow-level thresholds for the subsequently pregnant. Moreover, pairwise comparisons were made of the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC curves for the thresholds of GSH-Px, SOD and MDA for identifying the cows most likely to conceive. The biochemical metabolites were in physiological ranges. Serum glucose concentration was greater at the beginning of presynch-ovcsynch in cows that became subsequently pregnant. An interaction was noted between group x time for serum SOD, MDA and GSH-Px levels. The MDA concentration was lower before the synchronization protocol in cows that became subsequently pregnant. Although GSH-Px concentration was greater, SOD was lower after the synchronization sampling time in cows that became subsequently pregnant. MDA and SOD concentrations changed over time in cows that became subsequently pregnant. MDA level at the beginning of synchronization was the best predictor for identifying the cows most likely to conceive with AUC values of 0.866. In conclusion, while presynchronization MDA and post synchronization SOD were lower, post synchronization GSH-Px were higher in pregnant cows. MDA level at the beginning of presynch-ovsynch was the only risk factor for pregnancy. Thus, MDA levels before the synchronization might be used as a biomarker for selecting the cows for presynch-ovsynch protocol.Öğe Determination of expression patterns of miR-26a, and preimplantation factor levels for early pregnancy detection in nulliparous and multiparous cows(Wiley, 2024) Olgac, Kemal Tuna; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Tirpan, Mehmet BorgaFor maximum productivity in a dairy farm, the earliest and the most accurate detection of pregnancy is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of expression patterns of miR-26a, and serum Preimplantation Factor (PIF) levels for pregnancy diagnosis during the early pregnancy in nulliparous and multiparous cows. A total of 60 cows (30 nulliparous and 30 multiparous Holstein cows) were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected for miR-26a on days 8 and 16 (D8 and D16), and for the PIF on days 10 and 20 (D10 and D20) following insemination (D0). Pregnancies were determined by ultrasonography on the 28th day after insemination. Expression levels of miR-26a determined by qPCR. PIF levels were assessed by using commercial ELISA kits. All data were analyzed by using the MIXED procedure of SPSS. The expression levels of miR-26a were 6.64 folds higher on D16 in pregnant compared to non-pregnant multiparous cows (p < .05). On D8 and D16, miR-26a expression levels were found higher 13 folds in pregnant compared to non-pregnant nulliparous cows (p < .05). Additionally, miR-26a expressions were higher 5.42 folds (p < .05) on D8, 7.19 folds higher (p < .01) on D16 in pregnant nulliparous and multiparous cows, and were 6.30 folds higher (p < .001) on D8 and D16 according to non-pregnant animals. PIF levels were greater in pregnant animals (p < .05). Analyzing miR-26a on D8 might be considered as sufficient in nulliparous cows. Pregnancy detection in multiparous cows can be made on the 16th day with this method. Furthermore, PIF evaluations may be sufficient on D10 in multiparous cows. Besides, PIF levels and miR-26a expression levels might be used safely in field conditions and clinical applications.Öğe Diagnostic accuracy of milk components for pregnancy diagnosis in mid and late lactation cows(Croatian Dairy Union, 2023) Kaya, Ufuk; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Ozkan, Huseyin; Camdeviren, Baran; Gungor, Guven; Dalkiran, Sevda; Keceli, Hasan HuseyinThe aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the somatic cell count (SCC) and milk components (fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein, lactose, freezing point, electrical conductivity and pH) to observe the pregnancy status, and to determine the practical usage of these parameters as diagnostic biomarker of pregnancy status. In the present study, primiparous Holstein cows (n=133) were included in the mid and late lactation. Milk samples were collected in sterile tubes for SCC and milk components analysis. In each lactation period, SCC, milk yield and milk component parameters were analysed by Student's t test according to pregnancy status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the predictive threshold using SCC and milk component parameters to discriminate between pregnant and non-pregnant cows. SCC levels were similar for all cows in the mid and late-lactation. In the mid lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were higher and milk yield, fat, freezing point and pH were lower in pregnant cows (p<0.05). In the late lactation, FFDM, protein, lactose and electrical conductivity were significantly higher and milk yield, fat and pH were significantly lower in pregnant pH were the best predictors for pregnancy diagnosis in mid-lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.840, 0.768, 0.780, 0.772, 0.693, 0.792, and 0.901 respectively. Furthermore, fat, FFDM, protein, lactose, electrical conductivity, and pH could be useful diagnostic tools for pregnancy determination in late lactating cows with the AUC values of 0.869, 0.684, 0.661, 0.689, 0.756, and 0.841 respectively. In conclusion, the milk components could be used as rapid, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the diagnosis of pregnancy status in primiparous Holstein cows.Öğe Effects of injectable trace element and vitamin supplementation during the gestational, peri-parturient, or early lactational periods on neutrophil functions and pregnancy rate in dairy cows(Elsevier, 2021) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Pekcan, Mert; Kaya, Ufuk; Kuplulu, Sukru; Kacar, Cihan; Polat, MertThe aim of this study was to evaluate effects of injectable trace element and vitamin combination on phagocytic, oxidative burst activity of neutrophils and reproductive outcomes in dairy cows. Cows were to assigned to the following groups: (1) injectable trace element supplementation (ITES, n = 44, containing zinc, manganese, copper, selenium); (2) injectable vitamin supplementation (VIT, n = 48, containing vitamins A, D-3, E); (3) ITES + VIT = 46); and (4) control (CON, n = 44). Cows were administered four injections between 230 and 260 days of the gestational period, on day of parturition, and 30 days postpartum. Neutrophil function was assessed at 10 days before and after calving. Phagocytosis was greater in cows of the ITES + VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05) while oxidative burst was similar among groups. There were greater non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in cows of the ITES+VIT group at 10 days prepartum (P < 0.05). Cows supplemented with ITES+ VIT had less SOD activity than those supplemented with ITES or vitamin during the pre- to post-partum transition period (P < 0.05). The total odds of pregnancy were greater in cows supplemented with trace element and/or vitamin (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of ITES and/or VIT resulted in an increased total pregnancy rate. Vitamin or trace element supplementation did not differ with the control group in both the prepartum and postpartum period for immune variables. There, however, was greater phagocytosis in cows supplemented with vitamin and trace elements during the prepartum period that might be related to metabolic-induced inflammation.Öğe Effects of vitamin B1, vitamin E and selenium on pregnancy and blood metabolites profile during non-breeding season and early prediction of pregnancy by thermographic monitoring in Merino ewes(Indian Counc Agricultural Res, 2020) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Olgac, Kemal Tuna; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Kaya, Ufuk; Yildirim, Merve Menekse; Bas, BulentThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B compounds on serum metabolic profile and pregnancy rates (PR) during the non-breeding season in Merino ewes that were synchronized with progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG). Thermographic monitoring of ewes on the last day of synchronization was successful in the early selection of ewes to be used in artificial insemination and its relationship with pregnancy outcomes. Cyclic and non-pregnant ewes (n=75) were randomly assigned to treatment (n=30) and control (n=45) groups. All animals were synchronized using PGF(2)alpha at day 0. progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponges for 14 days, eCG 48 h before sponge withdrawal and artificial insemination were carried out 43-45 h after sponge removal. Animals of treatment group (n=30) were administered (intramuscularly) with 1 mg sodium selenite, 60 mg vitamin E and 40 mg vitamin B-1 on two occasions, at the beginning of sponge insertion and following sponge removal. Blood samples were collected at sponge insertion and removal. Perianal and perivulvar areas were considered to evaluate the thermal pattern at day 0 and 14 using a thermo camera. Overall, 90.6% of ewes exhibited estrus in response to the synchronization protocol. Ewes of treatment group showed greater PR as compared to that of control group (70.3% vs 56%). Perivulvar temperature was influenced by time only. At the time of sponge removal, perivulvar temperatures were significantly lower in pregnant ewes than in non-pregnant animals. In conclusion, injectable selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B-1 compounds increased PR after synchronization protocol and thermographic evaluation that was performed on the last day of synchronization could be used for very early prediction of pregnancy.Öğe The evaluation of SIRS status with hemato-biochemical indices in bitches affected from pyometra and the Usefulness of these indices as a potential diagnostic tool(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mutluer, Ipek; Yildirim, Mehmet; Kaya, Ufuk; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Vural, Mehmet RifatThe aims of this study were to establish a cut-off point by evaluating the usability of the hemato-biochemical indices to determine the severity of inflammation caused by pyometra, and to determine the practical usage of the indices as a diagnostic biomarker in cases of pyometra. Animals that were admitted to Ankara University Veterinary Faculty Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic were included in the present study. Dogs suffering from pyometra were allocated to two groups according to their SIRS status (SIRS, n = 12; Non-SIRS (NSIRS, n = 16)). Healthy dogs presented for routine ovariohysterectomy were used as the control (n = 13). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hema-tological analysis and without anticoagulant for biochemical tests before the beginning of treatment. Hemato-biochemical indices, which are Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), Neutrophil Percentage-Albumin Ratio (NPAR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index, were calculated. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of the SPSS. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine the dog level threshold for evaluating the SIRS status and used to determine a predicted threshold with hemato-biochemical indices for differentiation between dogs with pyometra (regardless of SIRS status) and the control. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of SII, NLR, PLR, MLR, NPAR. White blood cells, lymphocytes, monocyte, neutrophil, ALP, NLR, MLR, and NPAR levels were greater in dogs that suffer from SIRS (P < 0.05). Red blood cells and hematocrit levels were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Albumin levels were higher in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, NLR, MLR and NPAR levels were found to be significantly higher in the SIRS group (P < 0.05). Besides, NLR and MLR were the best predictors for diagnosis of the SIRS with the AUC values of 0.936, and 0.966 respectively. Furthermore, NLR, MLR and SII could be a useful diagnostic tool for pyometra with the AUC values of 0.955, 0.931, 0.716. The blood indices could be used as fast, easily accessible, and inexpensive markers for the evaluation of the SIRS status in dogs with pyometra together with diagnosis.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Expression patterns and distribution of aquaporin water channels in cervix as a possible mechanism for cervical patency in bitches affected by pyometra(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Ozkan, Hueseyin; Vural, Sevil Atalay; Kaya, Ufuk; Ozoner, Ozgur; Mutluer, Ipek; Altinbas, Yunus FurkanPyometra is a life-threatening disease, the severity of which depends on cervical patency status. This study investigated cervical inflammation status as well as the expression patterns and localization of aquaporin (AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, AQP5, and AQP9), and hormone receptors in cervical tissue that influences canine pyometra. Of the 36 animals enrolled in the study, 24 were diagnosed with pyometra and separated into two groups: open cervix pyometra and close cervix pyometra, while 12 healthy animals presented for elective ovariohysterectomies were allocated into the control group. Surgical treatment was performed for treatment of pyometra. After each operation, cervix samples were collected and analyzed for AQP and hormone receptor expression patterns determined by qPCR and protein expression by means of immunohistochemistry. Blood samples were also collected to determine serum progesterone concentrations. AQP9 expression was downregulated approximately 3-fold while and PGR expression was downregulated more than 2 fold in both pyometra groups compared to the control group. AQP3 and AQP5 gene expression levels were upregulated more than 3 fold in the open-cervix pyometra group than the closed-cervix pyometra group (P < 0.05). This is the first study to describe the expression patterns and immunolocalization of AQPs in canine cervical tissue based on pyometra patency status and to report AQP3 and AQP5 expression in cervical tissue linked to cervical patency.Öğe Expression patterns of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes in the uterine and ovarian tissues of dogs diagnosed with pyometra based on cervical patency status(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Ozkan, Huseyin; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Vural, Sevil Atalay; Mustak, Inci Basak; Kaya, Ufuk; Altinbas, Yunus FurkanThis study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of genes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress in ovarian and uterine tissues of dogs with pyometra, categorized by cervical status (open cervix or closed cervix), which influences disease severity. The control group comprised healthy animals undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy. Tissue inflammatory gene expression and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined while microbial and histopathological examinations were conducted, along with immunohistochemical evaluations. In the closed-cervix group, uterine TNF and IL6 were upregulated approximately 10- fold while IL10 was upregulated nearly 5-fold. TNF expression differed remarkably between the pyometra groups. In the closed-cervix group, PTGS2 and HMOX1 were upregulated approximately 5-fold whereas NFE2L2 expression was downregulated. The closed-cervix group also had the highest uterine MDA levels. Regarding ovarian tissue, MDA levels were higher in the closed-cervix group than in the open-cervix group while IL10 expression was lower in the closed-cervix group than the open-cervix group. In the closed-cervix group, NFE2L2 was downregulated whereas HMOX1 was upregulated. Uterine TNF levels were positively correlated with IL6, , IL10, , PTGS2, , and HMOX1, , but negatively correlated with NFE2L2. . IL6 was positively correlated with IL10, , PTGS2, , and HMOX1. . NFE2L2 was negatively correlated with IL6 and HMOX1. . IL10 was positively correlated with PTGS2 and HMOX1. . MDA was positively correlated with TNF, , IL6, , IL10, , PTGS2, , NFE2L2, , and HMOX1. . TNF levels were positively correlated with ovarian PTGS2, , and with IL6 and NFE2L2. . MDA was positively correlated with PTGS2 and HMOX1. . MDA could be an important biomarker for understanding the severity of pyometra. Moreover, TNF expression and its relationships with various studied parameters such as IL10 may contribute to treatment and prognostic biomarker studies in closed-cervix pyometra pathology.Öğe The presence of virulence factor genes downregulates uterine AQP3 and alters glutathione peroxidase activity and uterine histopathology in canine pyometra(Wiley, 2024) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mustak, Inci Basak; Ozkan, Hueseyin; Vural, Sevil Atalay; Kaya, Ufuk; Ozoner, Ozgur; Mutluer, IpekPresent study was designed to evaluate the role of virulence factor genes (papG, cnf1 and hylA) in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and detection of virulence genes were performed Escherichia coli (E. coli) detected in uterine swab samples. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence (VF+, n:14) or absence (VF-, n:7) of the virulence factor genes papG, cnf1 and hylA. Blood and tissue glutathione peroxidase activity, uterine histopathologic analysis and AQP3, ESR1, PGR, OXTR gene expressions were determined in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin, whereas resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and lincomycin. None of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime. E. coli isolates had at least one virulence gene. The most prevalent gene was fimH (100%), followed by fyuA (95.8%), usp (83.3%), sfa (75%), cnf1 and hlyA (70.8%) genes. Blood GPx activity was greater in VF+ animals. On the other hand, uterine tissue GPx activity was lower in VF+ group compared to the control group. Expression levels of AQP3 were upregulated more than fivefold in VF-dogs compared to the control group. In addition, AQP3 expression levels were found approximately threefold higher in VF (-) than VF (+) group (p < .05). Varying degree of inflammation noted for all animals with pyometra, but the presence of bacteria noted only in VF+ animals. In conclusion, the presence of virulence factor genes does not play a role in the histopathological degree of inflammation, the presence of bacteria was found to vary. Serum GPx activity increased in VF+ animals. While the hormone receptor expressions were similar, AQP expression was upregulated in the absence of virulence factor genes.Öğe The role of nutritional-immunological indices in estimating serum LPS and antioxidant enzyme activity and sepsis status in female dogs with pyometra caused by E. coli(Elsevier, 2023) Yazlik, Murat Onur; Mutluer, Ipek; Kaya, Ufuk; Ozkan, Huseyin; Mustak, Inci Basak; Colakoglu, Hatice Esra; Altinbas, Yunus FurkanThe aim of this study was to diagnose pyometra and related sepsis status using cost-effective nutritional-immunological indices, antioxidants, and toxin levels in dogs and to investigate the utility of the indices in predicting toxin and antioxidant status. A total of 29 dogs were enrolled into the present study. Among these, 9 female dogs in their diestrus stages, were allocated for elective ovariohysterectomy. The pyometra group was also separated into two subgroups as Sepsis (+) and Sepsis (-). Blood samples were collected into two tubes containing EDTA for hematological analysis; without anticoagulant for serum progesterone, LPS concentration, and antioxidant levels at the time of diagnosis. Bacteriological and tissue samples of the uterus were collected after the ovariohysterectomy. Antioxidant activity, progesterone, and toxin concentration were determined by using commercial ELISA kits. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 16.1 and MedCalc 16 statistical software. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used for the threshold for evaluating pyometra and sepsis status. Pairwise comparisons were carried out of the area under the curve (AUC) for thresholds of nutritional immunologic indices (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet (HALP) score; prognostic nutritional index (PNI); Albumin hemoglobin index (AHI)), serum LPS and antioxidant activity. Linear regression model was used for the estimation of serum LPS and antioxidant activity by using indices. Mean serum progesterone, LPS concentrations, and Nitric Oxide (NO) production were greater, while serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), tissue SOD, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were lower in dogs with pyometra. All nutritional-immunologic indices were lower in pyometra cases. Nutritional-immunologic indices (AUC of HALP:0.759; PNI:0.981; AHI 0.994), NO (AUC: 0.787) and SOD (AUC: 0.784) levels were useful for pyometra diagnosis. AHI and LPS were useful for the determination of sepsis status with the AUC values of 0.850 and 0.740, respectively. While AHI was useful for the estimation of serum LPS and NO concentration (p < 0.001), PNI was useful for serum SOD concentration (p = 0.003). In conclusion, PNI, HALP and AHI can be used in the diagnosis of pyometra, however, only AHI and LPS levels can be used in the diagnosis of sepsis. SOD and NO can be used to determine pyometra but have no effect on determining sepsis status. Additionally, the estimation of the levels of serum LPS, NO, and SOD activities can be done using the AHI and PNI values.Öğe Serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein profiles during early gestation in Karya and Konya Merino sheep(Wiley, 2024) Akkose, Mehmet; Cinar, Elif Merve; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Kaya, Ufuk; Polat, Yadigar; Cebi, Cigdem; Ozbeyaz, CeyhanBackgroundReported as being expressed by mono- and binucleate placental cells, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are released into the blood circulation from the ruminant placenta. Circulating gestational PAGs levels may differ between sheep breeds.ObjectiveThis study was aimed at the close monitoring of the serum PAGs profiles of Karya and Konya Merino sheep during early pregnancy.MethodsFifteen Karya and 15 Konya Merino ewes were synchronized by a 12-day treatment with progesterone-impregnated intravaginal sponges. After the sponges were withdrawn, the ewes were administered 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin. The ewes were allowed to mate naturally, and all animals were sampled for blood as of the day of mating (day 0) at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Pregnancy diagnoses were made by transabdominal ultrasonography at week 5. At weeks 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11, blood samples were collected only from the pregnant ewes. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 x g, and extracted sera were stored at -20 degrees C until being used for laboratory analyses. Serum PAGs levels were determined with the aid of a commercial PAG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test originally developed for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. Differences in the between the PAGs levels throughout pregnancy and the group effect (Karya and Konya Merino) were determined with a two-way mixed analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons were made using a Bonferroni adjustment.ResultsPAGs levels showed a linear increase with the advance of pregnancy in both Karya and Konya Merino sheep. No difference was detected between the breeds for serum PAGs levels. The serum PAGs levels of the pregnant and non-pregnant ewes differed as of the fourth week.ConclusionThe serum PAGs levels of the Karya and Konya Merino ewes were similar during the first 11 weeks of gestation, and pregnancy diagnosis could be made based on serum PAGs levels as of the 4th week in both breeds. Graphical Abstract: Pregnant Karya and Konya Merino ewes display similar pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) profile. Serum PAGs levels increased gradually in both breed during first 11 weeks of pregnancy. Pregnant and non-pregnant ewes can be differentiated as of the fourth week of gestation based on serum PAG levels. imageÖğe The thermographic monitoring in early pregnancy detection in Holstein cows and heifers(Elsevier, 2023) Olgac, Kemal Tuna; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Kaya, Ufuk; Ozkan, Huseyin; Tirpan, Mehmet BorgaThis study aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation to demonstrate early pregnancy detection using thermography in heifers and cows. A total of 60 heifers (n: 30) and cows (n: 30) were divided into two groups as pregnant (n: 15 heifers, n: 15 cows) and non-pregnant (n: 15 heifers, n: 15 cows) according to the day 28 of gestation. Thermographic images were taken from the vulvar and anal regions on alternate days from D0 to D20. Blood samples were collected to determine estrogen and progesterone concentrations. The mean temperature difference between the anal and vulvar regions (?T C-?) was used in the statistical analyses. Based on the hormonal profiles, no abnormalities were observed for follicular waves or luteal profiles in heifers and cows. The ?T C-? values between heifers and cows and between days were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In thermographic analyses, the differences observed in other main effects and interactions of the group, sampling time, and pregnancy were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, it was concluded that the ?T C-? value of = 2.9 C-? (100% Se -61.9% Sp) was highly correlated with pregnancy diagnosis in cows on day six after artificial insemination (AI) (P < 0.001). In conclusion, it was determined that the clinical application of thermography can be used for the detection of pregnancy on day six after AI in cows. However, further studies are needed to determine heifers' thermographic characteristics and profiles.Öğe Ultrasonographic patterns of different regions of uterus according to pregnancy in cows and heifers(Wiley, 2023) Olgac, Kemal Tuna; Yazlik, Murat Onur; Kaya, Ufuk; Tirpan, Mehmet BorgaThis study aimed to detect pregnancy within the first 20 days after artificial insemination by evaluating the ultrasonographic patterns of the different regions of uterus in Holstein heifers and cows. Animals were divided into subgroups according to pregnancy on 28th day as pregnant (heifer, n: 15; cow, n: 15) and non-pregnant (heifer, n: 15; cow, n: 15). Images were taken from the ovulation-side cornu uteri (OSC), non-ovulation-side cornu uteri (NOSC), and the corpus uteri (CU) on alternate days from D0 to D20. The images were evaluated by ImageJ software in terms of mean gray value (MGV), homogeneity (HOM), and contrast (CON) and endometrium thickness (ET). The mean MGV and G*T and P*T interactions, the mean CON and G*T and G*P interactions, the mean HOM and G*P interactions, and the mean ET and G*P interactions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic analyses, D2-D6 for CON and D2, D6, D8, D16, and D20 for HOM of OSC in cows and D8 and D10 MGV and D18 and D20 ET of OSC in heifers had high relationship with positive pregnancy (p < 0.05). The use of echogenicity evaluations and endometrium thickness measurements in reproductive management seems to be suitable for the prediction of pregnancy in cows and heifers.
