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Öğe An assessment of population fluctuations of citrus pest woolly whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell, 1896) (Homoptera, Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoid Cales noacki Howard, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae): A case study from Northwestern Algeria(University of Ljubljana, 2018) Mahmoudi, Abdelhaq; Benfekih, Leila Allal; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Goosen, Mattheus F. A.The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the parasitoid Cales noacki Howard, 1907 (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae) in the biological control of the citrus pest woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell,1896) in Northwestern Algeria. In particular the pest and parasitoid population fluctuations under different environmental conditions were investigated. The study was conducted by examination and sampling of whitefly adult populations on young shoots and catches as well as its parasitoid during a 12-month period by counting the parasite and infested-live larvae. Results showed remarkable variations in abundance indices and infestation rates of larvae and adults that depended on the growth flush in foliage and meteorological conditions of the region. The woolly whitefly manifested three flight periods coinciding with three growth flushes of orange sap; in autumn towards the end of September followed by mid-November with the highest average abundance of 10 individuals per branch and a third flight period in mid-May. Phases of growth flush seemed to have an effect on the temporal distribution of adults over the sampling period from July to June. Pest emergence appeared favorable at 12-20 °C as the minimum interval temperature whereas the maximum varied between 25-33 °C with humidity levels of 50 % and 75 %. As for the incidence of natural enemies on whiteflies, despite their abundance, their impact was not optimum due to the large fluctuations in number of whiteflies. Although the pest-parasitoid complex appears to be important in the orchard, the biological regulation exerted by C. noacki while effective is insufficient for the complete neutralization of citrus woolly whitefly A. floccosus. An integrated approach is needed using additional natural enemies associated with the woolly whitefly. © 2018 University of Ljubljana. All Rights Reserved.Öğe Control of western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) with Amblyseius swirskii on greenhouse pepper in heated and unheated plastic tunnels in the Mediterranean region of Turkey(Academic Journals, 2011) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Canhilal, Ramazan; Karacaoglu, MehmetThe western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) poses a significant risk to many food and ornamental crops in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Chemical control has been the primary means used to control the population of F. occidentalis in protected cultivation systems in Turkey. We evaluated Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) on peppers following single releases at the rate of 50 adults per m 2 as a predator of F. occidentalis in heated and unheated plastic tunnels. The study covered the period when the peppers had started to flower. In both tunnel types, despite greater variation in day/night temperatures in unheated plastic tunnels, the F. occidentalis population was maintained at a level of fewer than 2 per flower throughout the experiments in plots where predatory mites were released. The density of the thrips infestation exceeded the action threshold of 3 thrips per flower in control plots. The results of the study show that A. swirskii is highly effective for controlling western flower thrips on sweet pepper and can provide long-term thrips control. In the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey, pepper growers who are considering releases of this predatory mite in plastic tunnels may find A. swirskii useful as a new control agent.Öğe Distrubution, host plants and natural enemies of Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), injurious to citrus plantations in Hatay(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2013) Yigit, Abdurrahman; Telli, SeldaDescription, distribution, host plants, type of damage and natural enemies of Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) were revealed in Hatay citrus plantations. Citrus plantations were infested by P. cryptus at the ratios of 55.78%, 14.67%, 11.63% and 30.61% in Antakya, Dortyol (Payas), Iskenderun and Samandag, respectively in 2010, whilst only Samandag was infested at 15.43%, in 1997. Seventeen species belong to 11 families were determined as host plants of P. cryptus. Active stages of P. cryptus, causes honeydew during sucking the plant juice from leaves, twigs, fruits and trunks of citrus trees. Damage to citrus trees has been associated with leaves and fruit drops, with unsightely apperance of fruits due to severe honeydew on which sooty mold develops. Cunaxa pothensis Den Heyer, Nephus includens Kirsch., N. (Sidis) heikei, N. (Sidis) caneparii, N.nigricans, Oenopia (Synharmonia) conglobata (L.), Scymnus (Pullus) araraticus Khnzorian, S. (P.) subvillosus, S. (P.) flagellisiphonatus, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mu Is., Chilocorus bipustulatus L., Exochomus quadripustulatus L., Cardiastethus nazarenus Reuter, Sympherobius (S.) fallax Navas, Dichochrysa prasina (Burmeister), Chrysopa viridana Schneider and Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) were found as predatory species. Parasitoids of P. cryptus were Anagyrus pseudococci Gir., Leptomastidea abnormis Gir., Clausenia purpurea Ishii and Pachyneuron muscarum L. Quarantine measures should be emphasized to prevent the dispersion of the pest to citrus plantations where P. cryptus is not known to occur. In infested areas, release and/or establishment of the main natural enemies, C. purpurea and C. montrouzieri would be recommended; meanwhile application of broad spectrum pesticides should be avoided.Öğe Effect of entomopathogenic fungus, Lecanicillium lecanii (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales) on some phytophagous Hemiptera species(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2014) Telli, Selda; Dervis, Sibel; Yigit, AbdurrahmanThis study evaluates the entomopathogenic fungus, Lecanicillium lecanii (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales) for prevalence in citrus orchards of Hatay and effectiveness in controlling some phytophagous Hemiptera species. Experiments were conducted under both field conditions and laboratory conditions at 25 +/- 3 degrees C and 80 +/- 5% relative humidity (RH) under 16: 8 hour L: D photoperiod using 1x10(7) conidia ml(-1) concentration of L. lecanii. Infected individuals were counted 5 to 10 days after inoculation. In laboratory conditions, the average mortality due to L. lecanii was 47.54% (23.03-74.55%) on Coccus hesperidum L. (Hemiptera: Coccidae), 61.42% (10.64-100%) on Aphisgossypii Glov., 84.02% (57.39-100%) on Macrosiphum rosae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and 46.63% (22.35-77.36%) on Bemisia tabaci Genn. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). The fungus did not colonize on Ceroplastes floridensis Comst. (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) and Planococcus citri Risso (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) at all. The findings revealed that entomopathogenic fungus under field conditions was found to be effective on C. hesperidum and M. rosae resulting in 78.05% (50.25-87.76%) and 78.82% (26.46-100%) mortality, respectively; there was no effect on C. floridensis. It can be suggested that the incorporation of this entomopathogenic fungus into the agricultural areas would be useful in terms of integrated pest management strategies.Öğe The effect of season on the levels of predation by the ladybird Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), a serious pest of eggplants(Springer Heidelberg, 2008) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Alaoglu, OzdemirThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of eggplants, especially those grown undercover in polytunnels and greenhouses. Due to increasing levels of resistance of B. tabaci to a wide range of insecticides, there is now an urgent need to explore other non-chemical methods of control. In this study, Serangium parcesetosum, a ladybird, was evaluated as a possible biological control agent of B. tabaci's winter and spring populations which infests eggplants grown undercover in Turkey. It was found that in winter, S. parcesetosum failed to control B. tabaci, even when the ladybird population was augmented six times over the course of the experiment. This contrasted with that observed in spring when, with only one introduction of the ladybird, control of the pest was gained within 3 weeks after release. In spring, the B. tabaci population in the cages receiving two and four S. parcesetosum adult per plant showed 56 and 53% reduction, respectively. The percent reduction in B. tabaci population rose to 98.6 and 98.3% in both cages, respectively, by the end of experiment. It is suggested that release of S. parcesetosum against B. tabaci during spring months may be offered as an alternative solution to increase implementation of biologically based B. tabaci management. In winter other biological control agents are needed and these need to be further explored.Öğe Evaluation of the lady beetle, Serangium parcesetosum for control of Bemisia tabaci on greenhouse eggplant in the Mediterranean region(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Kutuk, Halil; Alaoglu, Ozdemir; Yigit, AbdurrahmanBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most serious pests of greenhouse crops. It is mainly controlled by chemical means, requiring some 10-12 sprays during the average growing season in Turkey. There is growing interest in finding alternatives to pesticides for control of B. tabaci in greenhouse crops because this heavy pesticide usage disrupts biocontrol and leads to rapid build-up of insecticide resistance in the pest. In our study, the control of B. tabaci on greenhouse eggplants was evaluated following releases of the lady beetle Serangium parcesetosum Sicard (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). In cage experiments, four adults per plant were introduced and, within 3-4 weeks, resulted in 97 and 98% reductions in whitefly populations in 2004 and 2005, respectively. In a large plot experiment, two adults per plant were released only one time. Beetle larvae were observed through 2-9 weeks after release. The density of whitefly in large plot receiving beetle adults showed fluctuations to a level lower than in control plot receiving no beetle in 2004 and 2006. Further study is needed to develop new managing strategies in biological control of B. tabaci with S. parcesetosum in protected culture.Öğe Intraguild predation of Serangium parcesetosum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) parasitized by Eretmocerus mundus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Alaoglu, OzdemirWe studied intraguild predation of Serangium parcesetosum on Eretmocerus mundus, both natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci, on eggplant under laboratory conditions. Fourth instar and adult predators attacked parasitized and unparasitized hosts equally if immature parasitoids were larvae, but avoided predating on parasitized hosts containing pupae.Öğe Parasitoid Complex of the Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Hatay, Turkey(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2011) Doganlar, Mikdat; Yigit, AbdurrahmansIn Hatay, Turkey parasitoid complex of the Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) was studied in 2010. The study was carried out in Samandag, Yayladagi, Altinza, Reyhanli, Kumlu, Kirikhan and Antakya, mainly in a greenhouse belonging to Mustafa Kemal University, in which organic farming has been conducted without any pesticide applications. Infestation level of the pest was very high on leaves and fruits of tomato in each locality. In the greenhouse of the University, 9 parasitoid species from 4 families of Hymenoptera were obtained. The parasitoids were: Closterocerus clara (Szelenyi) (new record for Turkey), Ratzeburgiola christatus (Ratzeburg), R. incompleta Boucek, Baryscapus bruchophagi (Gahan) (Eulophidae); Brachymeria secundaria (Ruschka), Hockeria unicolor (Walker) (Chalcididae), Pteromalus intermedius (Walker) (Pteromalidae), and two species of Braconidae, Bracon hebetor Say and Bracon didemie Beyarslan. The rates of parasitism for the species were 37.0%, 4.2%, 2.8%, 0.7%, 0.7%, 1.1%, 0.7%, 1.1% and 7.0%, respectively. Distribution and host of the parasitoid species were given.Öğe Population fluctuations of the citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in citrus orchards of Samandag, Hatay, Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Telli, Selda; Yigit, AbdurrahmanPopulation fluctuations of Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in citrus, role of the parasitoids, within total parasitism and levels of sooty-mold growth due to honeydew secretion of the pest on trees were revealed during the years of 2006-2009 in Samandag district (Hatay). Additionally, populations of main predatory insects followed the prey populations during the growing season. In 2006, P. cryptus density was 3.41 egg clusters/leaf, 91.80 nymph + adult/leaf and the highest overall parasitism rate for was 41.63%. These figures were 2.23, 54.65 and 38.56%, in 2007; 3.33, 53.00 and 39.22%, in 2008; 4.18, 48.05 and 38.89%, in 2009, respectively. According to the samplings done in citrus orchards throughout the 3 years, P. cryptus populations started to rise in April, reaching the highest densities especially in June-July; and its population tended to decline starting from August due to natural enemies. The mean parasitization ratios as the proportion of the total parasitism were 68.15, 69.48, 70.55 and 71.06% for C. purpurea in 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, respectively. These figures were 14.58, 13.25, 12.94 and 12.58% for L. abnormis; 8.25, 7.35, 7.85 and 6.25% for A. pseudococci and 9.02, 9.92, 8.66 and 10.11% for P. muscarum. Levels of sooty-mold growth due to honeydew secretion by P. cryptus varied from 3.42/4 to 2.06/4 on citrus trees from 2006 to 2009, respectively.Öğe Population fluctuations of the citriculus mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus Hempel (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), in citrus orchards of Samandag, Hatay, Turkey (vol 126, pg 421, 2019)(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Telli, Selda; Yigit, Abdurrahman[Abstract Not Available]Öğe PRE-ESTABLISHMENT OF AMBLYSEIUS SWIRSKII (ATHIAS-HENRIOT) (ACARI: PHYTOSEIIDAE) USING PINUS BRUTIA (TEN.) (PINALES: PINACEAE) POLLEN FOR THRIPS (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) CONTROL IN GREENHOUSE PEPPERS(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011) Kutuk, Halil; Yigit, AbdurrahmanThe predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) benefited from the addition of pollen of Pinus brutia (Ten.) to the sweet pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants on which they occurred. The mite was able to survive, in the absence of prey, on pepper plants sprayed 2 weeks prior to bloom with pollen at 50, 5, and 0.5 kg/ha dosages. In addition, A. swirskii effectively controlled the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), in the plots sprayed with pollen. Within 5 weeks after the introduction of the mite, the population density of A. swirskii reached up to three predatory mites (nymphs and adults) per leaf and they remained in high numbers on the leaves until the end of the study, even when the prey F. occidentalis was present in low numbers. In flowers, the population density of A. swirskii (3 weeks after its release) was 4.35, 2.29, and 1.25 mites per flower in the 50, 5, and 0.5 kg/ha pollen sprayed plots, respectively. Clear trends existed among the various treatments; more predators and fewer pests were found in the plots where pollen was applied compared with those where pollen was not applied. The pollen of P. brutia provides food for the predator, so that they can be introduced and established prior to the arrival of the thrips. This predator-in-first technique makes biological control of thrips on sweet pepper relatively reliable.Öğe Preliminary studies on two Diaspididae (Hemiptera) species feeding on Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Turkey(Springer, 2010) Doganlar, Mikdat; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Ben-Dov, Yair; Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, MehmetThe scale insects Acanthomytilus sacchari (Hall) and Duplachionaspis erianthi Borchsenius (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) are newly recorded as indigenous insects from Turkey. Both A. sacchari and D. erianthi were found to feed only on rhizomes of Johnsongrass. A field study was conducted to determine host ranges and feeding effects of these scale insects on Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. No feeding of these species was observed on Zea mays L. (maize), Sorghum sudanense Staph. (sorghum), Aegilops triuncialis L. (barbed goatgrass), Avena fatua L. (wild oat), A. sterilis (sterile oat), Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermudagrass), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel (common reed), Poa bulbosa L. (bulbous bluegrass), or Secale montanum Guss. (wild rye). The mean infestation rates of the scale insects on Johnsongrass in southeastern Anatolia were 11.47% and 1.64% for A. sacchari and D. erianthi, respectively. Further investigations are required to clarify their biology and damage to Johnsongrass under field conditions.Öğe A review of the species of genus Bagrada Stal, 1862 (Pentatomidae: Strachiini) in Turkey with a new record, Bagrada amoenula (Walker, 1870)(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2010) Fent, Meral; Gozuacik, Celalettin; Yigit, AbdurrahmanBagrada abeillei Puton, 1881 and Bagrada amoenula (Walker, 1870), belong to Strachiini tribe (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) were found in Adiyaman and Sanliurfa provinces, during the years of 2006-2007. B. amoenula was the first record for Turkish fauna. Identification key for genera of Bagrada Stal, 1862 species found in Turkey, their synonyms, distribution area in Turkey and Palearctic region were given. Morphological characteristics of B. abeillei and B. amoenula were presented.Öğe Seasonal Population Fluctuations of Serangium parcesetosum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a Predator of Citrus Whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Turkey's Eastern Mediterranean Citrus Groves(Entomological Society of America, 2003) Yigit, Abdurrahman; Canhilal, Ramazan; Ekmekci, UgurWe conducted investigations on seasonal population fluctuations of Serangium parcesetosum Sicard and citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), in the East Mediterranean citrus orchards in Turkey from 1992 to 1995. Serangium parcesetosum and D. citri were sampled in two mandarin orchards at 2- to 3-wk intervals. Sooty-mold growth on honeydew excreted by the citrus whitefly on sampled trees also was evaluated as an indirect measure of the predator's success. Serangium parcesetosum controlled D. citri populations effectively and prevented them from causing sooty-mold growth in the citrus groves in all 4 yr. It also fed and reproduced on brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum L., another citrus pest, as an alternate host when D. citri populations were lower, and contributed to biological control, along with two other predators of coccoids, Chilocorus bipustulatus (L.) and Exochomus quadripustulatus L.
