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Assessment of growth behaviour, yield, and quality parameters of some olive (Olea europaea) cultivars in Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Toplu, Celil; Yildiz, Ercan; Bayazit, Safder; Demirkeser, T. Hakan
Olive (Olea europaea) is one of the oldest cultivated species in the Mediterranean basin and it is widespread throughout the Mediterranean region. In this study, we determined several phenological, morphological, and pomlogical characteristics of a number of olive cultivars when grown in Hatay province in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. The 21 cultivars examined had their origins in Italy, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey. The earliest flowering was observed in 'Gemlik' and 'Silifke yaglik' on 4 May whereas the latest flowering was in 'Memeli', 'Domat', and 'Savrani' on 10 May. 'Gemlik' and 'Manzanilla de Sevilla' produced the highest Cumulative yield over a 4-year period. The largest fruit were from 'Ascolana', averaging 6.72 g whereas 'Kilis yaglik' (2.05 g), 'Nizip yaglik' (2.33 g), and 'Meski' (2.43 g) had the smallest fruit. The flesh comprised the highest fraction of total fruit weight in Manzanilla de Sevilla.' (86.4%), 'Gemlik' (86.4%), 'Edincik su' (86.3%), 'Hojiblanca' (86.1%), and 'Halhali' (86.0%). The highest oil content was in 'Kilis yaglik' (31.2%) and 'Savrani' (29.3%). Based on our results, 'Gemlik' and 'Manzanilla de Sevilla' are suggested for table olive production in the Hatay region whereas 'Memecik', 'Kilis yaglik', and 'Sari ulak' are the most suitable for oil production.
Comparison of several plant nutrient elements in conventionally and organically grown citrus orchards
(Academic Journals, 2009) Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Toplu, Celil; Agca, Nejat; Yildiz, Ercan; Serce, Sedat
Organic citrus production has been increasing recently in Turkey. In this study, we compared several nutri-elements concentrations of organically (ORG) and conventionally (CON) grown citrus orchards in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. The samples included Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu L.) and Washington navel and Valencia oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), which were grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.). In 1996, 58 citrus orchards were sampled and 48 of them used for analyses. Three years after the first sampling, some orchards switched from CON to ORG production. Sampling was repeated in 2007 and included 31 samples from CON and 30 samples from orchards that switched to ORG after the 1996 samples were taken. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined using the samples from 1996; with the exception of B, no significant differences were observed. Analysis of the samples from 2007 indicated statistically significant differences between the two groups for concentrations of N, K, Mg, B and Mn. The means of both samples were subjected to principle component analysis (PCA); the results indicated that, after several years of ORG culture, the two groups were clearly separated. The variables highly correlated with PC1 were Na, Fe and Ca, while P, K, Mn and Mg were correlated by PC2. B, Fe and Zn correlated by PC3. Several trace elements (Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) from five randomly chosen soil samples from both CON and ORG growing groups were determined, and the results indicated that the mean concentrations for the two groups were similar for most of the elements (Pb, Cu, Fe and Ni). Our results shed light on the optimization of plant nutrient programs in organic citrus production.
Determination of fruit and oil characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. 'Gemlik') in different irrigation and fertilization regimes
(Academic Journals, 2009) Toplu, Celil; Onder, Derya; Onder, Sermet; Yildiz, Ercan
We evaluated plant growth, fruit and oil characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. 'Gemlik') grown on different fertilization and irrigation treatments. Irrigation regimes included rainfed-control (T-0), two treatments with 50% (T-50) of the full irrigation treatment (T-100) which received 100% class-A pan evaporation. Four fertilization treatments included unfertilized-control (F-0), traditional fertilization (F-1) and application of P and K during different growing stages (F-2-F-3). Experiments were conducted in each of three years considered as repeated units in a repeated measurement design. Fruit and total oil yields of olive increased about three times in highest irrigation and fertilization combination compared to rainfed and unfertilized treatments. The fruit and oil yield increased from 11.46 and 2.78 kg/tree (T0F0) to 30.07 and 7.12 kg/tree (T100F3), respectively. Mean fruit weight (from 2.87 to up to 4.24 g) and pulp stone ratio (from 3.68 to up to 5.60) also increased with additional water as P and K applied during flowering and endocarp hardening stages, respectively. Fertilization treatments had little effect on fatty acid compositions while additional irrigation resulted in increased palmitic and linoleic acid and decreased oleic acid content. Monounsaturated fatty acids/polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio was also decreased with irrigation supplements.
EFFECT OF CITRUS ROOTSTOCKS ON LEAF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF 'OKITSU', 'CLAUSELLINA', AND 'SILVERHILL' MANDARIN CULTIVARS
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Toplu, Celil; Uygur, Veli; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, T. Hakan; Yildiz, Ercan
Citrus performance is strongly related with rootstock. This study was conducted to investigate leaf nutrient contents of 'Okitsu', 'Clausellina' and 'Silverhill' mandarin cultivars budded onto sour orange, 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer' citrange rootstocks in Dortyol, Turkey in 2004 and 2005. The maximum nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and copper (Cu) contents were determined for 'Clausellina'; phosphorus (P) for 'Okitsu'; and sodium (Na) for 'Silverhill'. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) uptake were similar for the mandarin cultivars. 'Carrizo' citrange at N, K, Mg, Mn, and Cu uptake; 'Troyer' citrange at N, P, K, and Fe uptake; and common sour orange at Ca, Zn, and Na uptake was superior on the other rootstocks. It was observed that 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer' citrange rootstocks had advantages over sour orange in nutrient uptake. Thus, growth performance, yield, and quality parameters considered, 'Carrizo' and/or 'Troyer' citranges could be suggested as rootstocks for the studied mandarin cultivars under similar ecological conditions.
The effects of citrus rootstocks on Valencia Late and Rhode Red Valencia oranges for some plant nutrient elements
(Academic Journals, 2008) Toplu, Celil; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, T. Hakan; Yildiz, Ercan
In citrus production, the rootstocks utilization is beneficial for solving the problems caused by soil, climates, pests and diseases as well as achieving higher productivity and quality, earlier and later fruit productions. Therefore, citrus producer almost exclusively utilizes rootstocks. The major rootstock of Turkish citrus production is sour orange while trifoliate, Troyer and Carrizo citranges are utilized as well. In this study, we determined the rootstock effects on some plant nutrient element status of Rhode Red Valencia and Valencia Late oranges budded on sour orange, Troyer and Carrizo citranges in 2004 and 2005. Our results were similar in both experimental years with few expectations. The nutrient status of the two orange cultivars tested significantly differed from K and Ca concentrations in both years. However, all cultivars mean were within the range of optimal limits except Zn. The rootstock had significantly different means for all elements tested in both years. We demonstrated that the citrus rootstocks had different abilities to utilize plant nutrient elements. For N, K, Mg, Mn and Cu, Carrizo citrange has the highest means while Troyer and sour orange have the highest concentrations for P and Fe, and Ca, Zn and Na, respectively. We recommend utilizations of Carrizo and Troyer citrange rootstocks for eastern Mediterranean region citrus production as they had higher ability to utilize many plant nutrient elements playing important roles in productivity and quality.
The effects of hot water treatments on chilling injury and cold storage of fuyu persimmons
(Academic Journals, 2009) Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Candir, Elif Ertuerk; Toplu, Celil; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Yildiz, Ercan; Inan, Ceren
The aim of this study is to determine effects of hot water dips on chilling injury of non-astringent Fuyu persimmons. Fruits were subjected to hot water dips at 20, 45, 50 or 55 degrees C for 10 or 20 min. Treated and untreated fruits were then kept at 0 degrees C, 85 - 90% relative humidity for 5 months. Percentage weight loss, fruit flesh firmness (kg force), total soluble solids (%), pH, titratable acidity (g malic asid/100ml), fruit skin color (L* and h degrees), appearance (1 - 5) and incident of fungal decay and physiological disorders (skin and flesh browning) and drying calyx were determined at a month interval. During storage, fruit flesh firmness and titratable acidity decreased while weight loss and total soluble solid content increased. Physiological and fungal disorders were observed at 3(rd) month of storage. Hot water dips reduced incidence of chilling injury. 50 degrees C for 10 or 20 min and 55 degrees C for 10 min were the best treatments. Fuyu persimmon fruits could be stored for 4 months successfully.
The effects of physical and chemical changes on the optimum harvest maturity in some avocado cultivars
(Academic Journals, 2009) Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Candir, Elif Ertuerk; Toplu, Celil; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Yildiz, Ercan
The aim of this study was to determine physical and chemical changes during fruit development and their relationship with optimum harvest maturity for Bacon, Fuerte and Zutano avocado cultivars grown under Dortyol ecological condition. Fruits cv. Bacon, Fuerte and Zutano were obtained trees grafted on seedlings and planted 5 m x 6 m in Dortyol Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University. Fruit width and length, weight, skin and flesh color (L* and hue), total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), TSS/TA, fruit flesh firmness, juice pH, dry weight and oil content were measured on fruits samples collected from tagged trees from June drop to ripening at a 15 days interval during fruit development. Data indicated that oil and dry matter content, flesh firmness and fruit weight were important criteria in determining optimum harvest maturity. Based on the all criteria, the period from the end of November to middle of December was the optimum harvest time for these cultivars in order to deliver fruit at optimum commercial maturity and quality and to obtain adequate storage time.
Growth, yield, and fruit quality of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' sweet oranges grown on three rootstocks in eastern Mediterranean
(Inst Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 2013) Yildiz, Ercan; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa
The plant growth, yield, yield efficiency, and fruit quality of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) on three rootstocks were evaluated under Eastern Mediterranean climatic conditions of Dortyol-Hatay, which is one of the oldest and largest citrus and mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) production regions in Turkey. The fruit yield was affected by rootstock in both scion cultivars from 2007 through 2010. Trees on 'Troyer' citrange had lower yield than those budded on the other rootstocks. The yield of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' orange trees on 'Carrizo' citrange were about 9% and 19% more than those on 'Troyer' citrange, respectively. But trees on 'Troyer' citrange had significant higher yield efficiency than trees on sour orange and 'Carrizo' citrange, because of canopy volume of 'Troyer' citrange was lower than the other rootstocks. The heaviest fruits of 'Valencia Late' orange trees were harvested from 'Carrizo' citrange (214.69 g), while 'Rhode Red Valencia' orange trees did not show differences regarding the rootstock. The rootstocks had no significant effects on juice content of 'Rhode Red Valencia' and 'Valencia Late' oranges. The effects of the rootstocks in both scion cultivars on juice content, total acids (TA), Brix: TA ratio, and number of seeds per fruit were found to be insignificant.
Identification of Zygotic and Nucellar Individuals Produced from Several Citrus Crosses Using SSRs Markers
(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2013) Yildiz, Ercan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Uzun, Aydin; Toplu, Celil
Turkey is an important citrus-producing country. However, new cultivars are needed to sustain citrus production and ensure its competitiveness against other crops. There are currently several citrus breeding programs that aim to help overcome the lack of local commercial varieties and to contribute CO Turkey's competitive capacity in the citrus market. In this study, we report the utilization of molecular markers in one such breeding program. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were employed to eliminate nucellar individuals from a hybrid population produced by crossing. The crosses included 'Fremont' and 'Robinson' mandarins as the female parents and 'Midknight Valencia', 'Rhode Red Valencia', and 'Valencia Late' oranges and 'Rio Red' grapefruit cultivars as the male parents. Seedlings with the same banding patterns as the female parent were identified as nucellar seedlings by 11 SSR primers. Primers AG 14 and TAA03 were found to be more effective at identifying zygotic individuals than other primers. 'Fremont' and 'Robinson' mandarins produced 36.91% and 31.09% of nucellar seedlings, respectively. As a pollen parent, 'Rio Red' grapefruit had a higher ratio of zygotic seedlings compared to 'Midknight Valencia', and can be recommended in breeding programs. Comparative analysis of different citrus fruits in the breeding programs allowed us to design an efficient hybridization scheme for this study.
LEAF MINERAL COMPOSITION OF 'NOVA', 'ROBINSON' AND 'FREMONT' MANDARIN CULTIVARS ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2010) Toplu, Celil; Uygur, Veli; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, T. Hakan; Yildiz, Ercan
Rootstock selection has a critical importance for mineral nutrition of budded cultivars. This study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, Dorlyol, Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sour orange, Troyer and Carrizo citrange rootstocks on the leaf nutrient contents of 'Nova', 'Robinson', and 'Fremont' mandarin cultivars in the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons. Carrizo citrange was examined for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and manganese (Mn); Troyer citrange for iron (Fe); and sour orange for calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) were superior on the others. Nitrogen, phosphorus (P) and Mg levels of mandarin leaf budded on sour orange were under or just above the deficiency threshold. Potassium, Mn, and Zn content of 'Robinson'; P, Ca and Fe content of 'Fremont'; and Cu content of 'Nova' were statistically higher. Therefore, it can be concluded that Carrizo rootstock may be suggested for the region and regions with similar ecological conditions.
Leaf Mineral Composition of Olive Varieties and Their Relation to Yield and Adaptation Ability
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009) Toplu, Celil; Uygur, Veli; Yildiz, Ercan
The amount of yield and adaptation of a cultivar to a new environment is strongly related to nutrient uptake ability. The aim of this study was to compare nutrient uptake ability of 21 local and/or standard olive varieties grown under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Elemental compositions of olive leaves were determined for two consecutive years. The highest yields were obtained from 'Gemlik', 'Manzanilla', 'Memecik', and 'Hojiblanca' varieties. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) content of leaves were comparatively higher in the high-yielding year (2004) whereas iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) contents were lower. Nutrient uptake ability and usage efficiency of olive varieties were different. Mineral composition of leaves was variety dependent and different groups of varieties showed higher leaf concentration for each element. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variation in the nutrient uptake ability may be used as a criterion for adaptation of a variety to a new ecological environment.
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME SELECTED PERSIMMON GENOTYPES AND CULTIVARS BY SRAP AND SSR MARKERS
(Serbian Genetics Soc, 2017) Pinar, Hasan; Yildiz, Ercan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Toplu, Celil; Unlu, Mustafa; Serce, Sedat; Ercisli, Sezai
In this study, SRAP and SSR markers were employed to determine genetic relationships among 42 persimmon genotypes (Diospyros kaki Thunb) obtained from Hatay province and 3 persimmon cultivars, 2 of which belong to Diospyros kaki Thunb and one belongs to Diospyros oleifera Cheng. Genetic relationships were determined by using a total of 29 molecular DNA primers (SRAP and SSR). Of these primers, 21 SRAP primer combinations produced a total of 107 bands and 77.6% of them were polymorphic; 8 SSR primers produced 26 polymorphic bands with an average polymorphism ratio of 84.6%. The SRAP and SSR markers produced 4.6 bands as average and the number of bands produced per marker was calculated as 3.6. The lowest similarity was observed between MK-113 (Diospyros oleifera Cheng) and the other genotypes all belongs to Diospyros kaki Thunb (with similarity ratios of 0.41-0.69 for SRAP primers, between 0.25-0.67 for SSR primers). The genotypes/cultivars belongs to Diospyros kaki had similarity ratio between 0.98-1.00 according to SRAP and SSR markers. This synonym or similarity could be results of clonal propagation rather than autogamy.
Morpho-genetic characterization of fig (Ficus carica var. rupestris (Hausskn.) Browicz) genotypes to be used as rootstock
(Springer, 2024) Yildiz, Ercan; Aglar, Erdal; Sumbul, Ahmet; Yaman, Mehmet; Caliskan, Oguzhan; Popescu, Gheorghe Cristian; Popescu, Monica
With its enormous genetic pool, Turkiye is the homeland of the fig and many plant species. The common fig species in the country's natural population are Ficus carica var. caprificus (male figs), Ficus carica var. domestica (female figs; edible figs), and Ficus carica var. rupestris. In this study, the morphological and molecular characterization of 42 genotypes, including those obtained by selection from the Ficus carica var. rupestris (Hausskn.) Browicz population, which is naturally spread in a limited area in Tunceli province, was performed. This study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of 23 fig genotypes. These results showed that tree growth habit, lateral shoot formation, apical dominancy, and leaf length characteristics were highly discriminant variables for phenotypic description in wild fig genotypes. The genetic relationship between the genotypes was demonstrated with 12 SRAP and 9 ISSR primers. As a result of the study, it was determined that the genetic similarity values ranged between 0.52 and 0.94. It was determined that the first five essential components (PCA) contributed 20.87%, 13.21%, 10.66%, 9.58%, and 7.11% of the total variation, respectively, and their cumulative rate corresponded to 61.43% of the total variation. Very detailed results on the genetic variation in the fig population in the region were obtained by morphological features and molecular methods. The seven genotypes selected were propagated to determine their potential for dwarf rootstocks. The results of the present study may provide significant leads for further research on this subject. The potential of dwarf rootstocks in figs can be an essential tool for modern fruit growing.
The Performance of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Cultivars Under Mediterranean Coastal Conditions in Hatay, Turkey
(Amer Pomological Soc, 2009) Toplu, Celil; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, T. Hakan; Ozdemir, A. Erhan; Candir, Elif Ertuek; Yildiz, Ercan
The cultivation of persimmon has been increasing rapidly in the Mediterranean region recently. We investigated the performance, phenological and pomological characteristics of ten persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cultivars ('Amankaki', 'Eylul', 'Fuyu', 'Hachiya', 'Hana Fuyu', 'Harbiye', 'Jiro', 'Kaki Tipo', 'O'Gosho', and 'Vainiglia') during 2001 to 2007 in the Mediterranean climate in Dortyol, Hatay, Turkey. 'Jiro', 'Fuyu', 'O'Gosho', 'Hachiya' and 'Eylul' had small canopy volume. Fruit maturity occurred in the first week of October for 'Amankaki', 'Eylul' and 'Hachiya', which all matured earlier than other cultivars. The highest cumulative yields were obtained from 'Vainiglia' and 'Amankaki'. The mean fruit weight varied from 251 g for 'Hana Fuyu' to 87 g for 'Eylul'. 'Eylul' and 'Hachiya' had red skin, while that of 'Vainiglia', 'Kaki Tipo' and 'Harbiye' was yellow. The results demonstrate that regional ecological conditions are appropriate for the cultivation of persimmon. The yield of 'Vainiglia', 'Jiro', 'Amankaki' and 'Fuyu' was high and regular; 'Eylul' and 'Hachiya' had the most colorful fruit. We recommend 'Vainiglia', 'Jiro', 'Amankaki' and 'Fuyu' for commercial growing in the region.
Rootstock Induced Seasonal Changes of N, P and K Nutrient Levels in Satsuma Mandarin cvs. 'Okitsu', 'Clausellina' and 'Silverhill'
(Springer, 2018) Yildiz, Ercan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Uygur, Veli
Rootstocks-scion relations have critical consequences about nutritional status, tree vigour, resistance to pest and pathogens, yield and yield quality. In this study, we therefore investigated seasonal variations of leaf mineral nutrient concentrations in Satsuma mandarin's cvs. 'Okitsu', 'Clausellina' and 'Silverhill' budded on different citrus rootstocks under Dortyol-Hatay, Turkey ecological conditions. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and K (potassium) concentrations of the leaves showed slightly similar trend each other, in general these nutrients reduced from January to March-April, and increased during the growing season until mid- and late summer, then decreased until December. Despite rootstocks did not significantly affect the leaf N, P and K concentrations rootstock-scion relation was pre-eminent and nutrient dependent. Most conspicuous scion dependent changes were recorded for K concentration whereas P concentration was little influenced. In terms of scion-rootstock combination, the range of N and K concentrations were 2.11% ('Okitsu'/sour orange) to 2.34% (Silverhill/sour orange), and 1.09% ('Okitsu'/Carrizo citrange) to 1.39% ('Clausellina'/Carrizo citrange), respectively; but P concentrations were highly similar %0.13 ('Okitsu'/sour orange) - %0.16 ('Clausellina'/Carrizo citrange), in the entire growing season. It can be concluded that there are considerable differences in nutrient uptake ability of scion-rootstock combination.
Seasonal Patterns of Carbohydrates in Mandarin cvs. 'Fremont', 'Nova' and 'Robinson' on Different Rootstocks
(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2013) Yildiz, Ercan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Toplu, Celil
The study was conducted at the experimental farm of Mustafa Kemal University, Dortyol, Turkey during the 2010 and 2011 growing seasons The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 'Troyer' and `Carrizo' citranges (Poncirus trifoliata Raf. x Citrus sinensis Osb. var. 'Troyer' and 'Carrizo'), and common sour orange (Citrus aurantium L. var. common), rootstocks on the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in the leaves of cvs. 'Fremont', 'Nova', and 'Robinson' mandarin. The seasonal variation of carbohydrate content of the three cultivars budded on different rootstocks was nearly same. Soluble carbohydrate concentration showed a continuous decrease from January to mid or late-summer, and then slowly began to increase after early autumn till winter. The sucrose was the dominant soluble carbohydrate in leaves. The seasonal evolution of starch content in leaves increased initially during January to March, and then decreased in April. The starch concentration showed a continuous decrease slowly until the mid-autumn, and then accumulation began during late-autumn and winter. The total carbohydrate content differences among the rootstocks were significant, but the content was changed among the cultivars and according to the season. The change in the total carbohydrate content of leaf tissues showed a strong similarity in cultivars budded on different rootstocks throughout the year. The total carbohydrate content reached their lowest levels in July for cv. 'Robinson', in August for cv. 'Fremont' and cv. 'Nova'. The total carbohydrate content in leaves increased from the mid- or late-summer to winter. It is suggested that the seasonal variation of carbohydrate content in plant tissues can be considered during fertilization program in mandarin trees.
Seasonal Variations in Mineral Nutrients in Leaves of 'Nova' and 'Robinson' Mandarins Budded on Different Rootstocks
(Springer, 2021) Yildiz, Ercan; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Uygur, Veli
The characteristics of rootstock have impacts scion's nutritional status, resistance to environmental stresses and adaptation to a specific region. Thus the performance of a cultivar is largely dependent on the rootstock-scion interactions. In this study, seasonal variations in mineral nutrients of 'Nova' and 'Robinson' mandarin cultivars budded on different citrus rootstocks were investigated under Dortyol-Hatay (Turkey) ecological conditions. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of the leaves exhibited slightly similar trends with each other. In general, these nutrients decreased from January to March-April and increased in the subsequent growing season until mid- and late summer, then decreased again until December. Similar trends were also observed in calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations of leaves. Leaf Ca and Mg concentrations decreased from January to March, then increased during fruit development until July-August and decreased again during autumn and winter. Also, micro elements such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) increased from January to May-June and then gradually decreases began during the growing season until December. Throughout the entire growing season, mean macro nutrients such as N, K and Ca concentrations ranged from 1.89% ('Nova'/Carrizo citrange) to 2.02% ('Robinson'/Carrizo citrange), from 1.10% ('Robinson'/Carrizo citrange) to 1.39% ('Nova'/Carrizo citrange) and from 2.62% ('Nova' /sour orange) to 3.48% ('Robinson'/Troyer citrange), respectively. Phosphorus and Mg concentrations showed slightly similar trends and varied between 0.14-0.16% and between 0.31-0.39%, respectively. The ranges of mean micro nutrients such as Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations were between 65.3 and 75.4 mg kg(-1), 33.7 and 39.6 mg kg(-1), 64.1 and 70.6 mg kg(-1), and 10.5 and 11.4 mg kg(-1), respectively. It can be concluded that rootstock-scion relations can cause considerable differences in seasonal nutrition of mandarin cultivars.
Storage life of non-astringent persimmons grown in the eastern Mediterranean
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Candir, Elif; Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Toplu, Celil; Kaplankiran, Mustafa; Demirkeser, Turan Hakan; Yildiz, Ercan
The storage life of the non-astringent persimmon cultivars 'Fuyu', 'Jiro', 'Amankaki' and 'Hana Fuyu' grown in the eastern Mediterranean region has been studied. Persimmon fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at 0 degrees C and 85-90% relative humidity. Neither chilling injury nor fungal decay were observed in 'Fuyu', 'Jiro' and 'Amankaki' over 150 days or in 'Hana Fuyu' over 120 days. Weight loss exceeded 10% in 'Fuyu' and 'Amankaki' fruit after 150 days and in 'Jiro' after 120 days. During storage, fruit softened and skin colour became darker (lower L* values) and deep orange-red (lower hue angle values) in all cultivars. Total soluble solids (TSS) content and titratable acidity did not change significantly. Results confirm that 'Fuyu' and 'Jiro' can be stored under these conditions for up to 150 days and 'Amankaki' and 'Hana Fuyu' for up to 120 days.

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