Konya ve Karaman illerindeki önemli patates ekim alanlarında karşılaşılan fungal ve bakteriyel hastalıkların belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Patates [Solanum tuberosum L.], yüksek seviyelerde karbonhidrat, amino asitler ve diğer besinleri içeren, dünya çapında en fazla tüketilen 4. önemli sebze türüdür. Patates üretimi ve kalitesi gerek tarla gerekse depolama sırasında pek çok patojen tarafından etkilenir. Bu çalışmada, Konya ve Karaman ilinin önemli patates ekim alanlarında yetişen patates bitkisinin kök, kök boğazı, yumru ve yapraklarında sorun olan fungal ve bakteriyel patojenlerin belirlenmesine yönelik rasgele seçilmiş farklı tarlalarda bitki çıkışı (fide), çiçeklenme ve meyve-hasat dönemleri olmak üzere 3 farklı bitki gelişim döneminde sörveyler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tipik hastalık belirtileri gösteren bitkilerin kök, gövde, yaprak ve yumrulardan izole edilen fungal ve bakteriyel etmenler dokular üzerinde oluşturdukları tipik belirtiler, besi yerlerindeki morfolojik yapıları ve MALDI-TOF MS analizleri ile tanılanmışlardır. Tüm yetişme periyodu boyunca farklı ilçelerde yapılan sörveylerde düzenli aralıklarla alınan hastalıklı bitkilerin yumru, kök ve kök boğazından yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. [Rhizoctonia kanseri-siyah siğil hastalığı]; Fusarium solani (Mart.) ve Fusarium oxysporum Sclecht. emend. (Snyder and Hansen) [Fusarium kök çürüklüğü ve solgunluk]; Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich [kömür çürüklüğü]; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary [beyaz çürüklük], Pythium spp. [Çökerten] ve Verticillium dahliae [Verticillium solgunluğu] fide ve çiçeklenme dönemlerinde; Helminthosporium solani [gümüş kabuk]; Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) [siyah benek]; Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea [tozlu uyuz] ve Geotrichum candidum Link. (syn. Galactomyces candidum) [lastik çürüklüğü] hasat dönemine doğru yumrularda değişen yaygınlık ve oranlarda tespit edilmiş fungal hastalık etmenleridir. Yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda, hastalıklı fidelerin çoğunun genellikle birden fazla hastalık etmeni ile enfekteli olduğu görülmüştür. Hastalık etmenlerinden G. candidum ve M. phaseolina ülkemizde yetiştirilen patateslerde hastalık etmeni olarak ilk kez bu çalışmayla belirlenmiştir. Phytopthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary [geç yanıklık veya mildiyö], Alternaria solani [erken yanıklık], Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler [kahverengi leke] patates bitkisinin çiçeklenme ve hasat döneminde en fazla karşılaşılan fungal yaprak hastalık etmenleri olmuştur. Fungal hastalıkların yanı sıra, yumru, kök boğazı ve gövdelerde gözlenen yumuşak çürüklük ve karabacak belirtilerinden bakteriyel etmenlerden Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora), P. atrosepticum (E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica), P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense ve P. parmentieri izole edilmiş ve tanılanmıştır. 2021, 76 sayfa
Potato [Solanum tuberosum L.], is being the fourth most consumed crop in the world, contains high levels of carbohydrate, amino acids and other nutrients. Potato crop production is hampered by several diseases agents which reduce production and quality of potato in the fields and during storage. Several fungal and bacterial diseases agents affect potato yields and quality, causing severe losses. In this study, disease surveys were conducted to identify fungal and bacterial diseases agents associated with root, tuber and foliar diseases at the three major plant growing stages such as post-emergence (seedling stage), flowering and fruiting-harvesting stages of potato plants in randomly selected potato fields in districts of Konya and Karaman provinces. The disease agents were isolated from tuber, root, crown, stem and leaf parts of infected plants and then identified according to typical diseae symptoms, morphological characteristics of cultures on nutrient media and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. The results of fungal isolations from diseased potato roots, crown and tuber taken at regular intervals over the entire growth period have indicated that Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. [Rhizoctonia canker and black scurf]; Fusarium oxysporum Sclecht. emend. (Snyder and Hansen) [Fusarium root rot and wilt]; Fusarium solani (Mart.); Pythium spp. [leak]; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary [white mold]; Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich [charcoal rot] and Verticillium dahliae [Verticillium wilt] were observed at the seedling and flowering stages; Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) [black dot]; Helminthosporium solani Durieu & Mont [silver scurf]; Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea [powdery scab] and Geotrichum candidum Link. (syn. Galactomyces candidum) [rubbery rot] were fungal disease agents identified in potato tubers with varying prevalence and incidence rates towards the harvest period. Majority of the affected seedlings were infested by the more than one disease agents. This study reports first time presence of G. candidum and M. phaseolina as causal disease agents on potato plants growing in Turkey. Phytopthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary [downy mildew], Alternaria solani [early blight], Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler [brown spot] were most frequently observed foliar fungal disease agents at the flowering and harvest stages of potato plants. In addition to fungal diseases, bacterial soft rot, stem rot and blackleg diseases caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora), P. atrosepticum (E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica), P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and P. parmentieri were also isolated and identified from infected tubers, crown and stems of potato plants in the region. 2021, 76 pages
Potato [Solanum tuberosum L.], is being the fourth most consumed crop in the world, contains high levels of carbohydrate, amino acids and other nutrients. Potato crop production is hampered by several diseases agents which reduce production and quality of potato in the fields and during storage. Several fungal and bacterial diseases agents affect potato yields and quality, causing severe losses. In this study, disease surveys were conducted to identify fungal and bacterial diseases agents associated with root, tuber and foliar diseases at the three major plant growing stages such as post-emergence (seedling stage), flowering and fruiting-harvesting stages of potato plants in randomly selected potato fields in districts of Konya and Karaman provinces. The disease agents were isolated from tuber, root, crown, stem and leaf parts of infected plants and then identified according to typical diseae symptoms, morphological characteristics of cultures on nutrient media and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. The results of fungal isolations from diseased potato roots, crown and tuber taken at regular intervals over the entire growth period have indicated that Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. [Rhizoctonia canker and black scurf]; Fusarium oxysporum Sclecht. emend. (Snyder and Hansen) [Fusarium root rot and wilt]; Fusarium solani (Mart.); Pythium spp. [leak]; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary [white mold]; Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich [charcoal rot] and Verticillium dahliae [Verticillium wilt] were observed at the seedling and flowering stages; Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) [black dot]; Helminthosporium solani Durieu & Mont [silver scurf]; Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea [powdery scab] and Geotrichum candidum Link. (syn. Galactomyces candidum) [rubbery rot] were fungal disease agents identified in potato tubers with varying prevalence and incidence rates towards the harvest period. Majority of the affected seedlings were infested by the more than one disease agents. This study reports first time presence of G. candidum and M. phaseolina as causal disease agents on potato plants growing in Turkey. Phytopthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary [downy mildew], Alternaria solani [early blight], Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler [brown spot] were most frequently observed foliar fungal disease agents at the flowering and harvest stages of potato plants. In addition to fungal diseases, bacterial soft rot, stem rot and blackleg diseases caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora), P. atrosepticum (E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica), P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and P. parmentieri were also isolated and identified from infected tubers, crown and stems of potato plants in the region. 2021, 76 pages
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Patates, Bakteriyel Hastalık Etmenleri, Fungal Hastalık Etmenleri, Yaygınlık, Potato, Bacterial Disease Agents, Fungal Disease Agents, Prevalence
