Hatay ilinde biberlerde sarılık hastalığına neden olan virüslerin araştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hatay ilinde 2013 -2015 yıllarında açık alan ve örtüaltı üretim alanlarında biberlerde "sarılık hastalığı" oluşturan virüsler ile bunların doğal konukçuları ve vektörleri araştırılmıştır. Şüpheli biber ve yabancı otlardan alınan toplam 303 adet genç sürgün, yaprak ve meyve örneği simptomolojik, biyolojik (özsu inokulasyonu) ve serolojik (DAS-ELISA: Double Antibody Sandwich Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay) yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Biber alanlarında en fazla kloroz veya sarılık oluşturan virüs enfeksiyonları İskenderun ve Samandağ ilçelerinde saptanmıştır. Sarılık belirtisi gözlenen biber örneklerinde en fazla Potato Y virus (PVY) enfeksiyonu belirlenmiştir (% 13.6). Bunu sırasıyla Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (% 5.3), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) (% 2.65), Tobacco etch virus (TEV) (% 2.65), Beet western yellows virus (BWYC) (% 1.99), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) (% 0.99), Pepino mosaic virus (PePMV) (% 0.66), Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) (% 0.33) izlemiştir. Ayrıca, biber bitkilerinde CMV, PLRV, Potato X Virus (PVX), PVY ile düşük oranda ikili, üçlü ve dörtlü olmak üzere karışık enfeksiyonlar saptanmıştır. Testlenen biber örneklerinde tekli AMV, PLRV ve PVX enfeksiyonuna rastlanmamıştır. Açık alan biber yetiştiriciliğinde Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium quinoa, Convolvulus arvensis, Physalis angulata, Mercurialis annua, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleaceus ve Xanthium strumarium gibi yabancı otların yaygın olduğu, ancak Reyhanlı yöresinde az sayıda bitkinin ise küsküt (Cuscuta campestris) ve Orobanche ramosa ile bulaşık olduğu görülmüştür. Örtü altı biber yetiştiriciliğinde ise Portulaca oleracea, Urtica dioica, Plantago major türleri gözlenmekle birlikte bazı seraların O. ramosa ile bulaşık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Biber alanlarından toplanan şüpheli yabancı ot türlerinden A. retroflexus (% 28.5), Malva sylvestris (% 40.0), S. nigrum (% 30.0) ve S. oleaceus (% 33.3)'da AMV, A. retroflexus (% 40.0), M. sylvestris (% 57.1), P. angulata (%16.6) ve S. nigrum (% 50.0) örneklerinde CMV, M. sylvestris L. (% 20.0), M. annua L. (% 41.6) ve P. angulata L. (% 83.3) örneklerinde PVY, P. major (% 25.0)'de TSWV bulunmuştur. Hatay ili biberlerinde bu tez kapsamında belirlenen virüslere ek olarak bu çalışmada araştırılmamış olan bazı virüsler (begomovirusler) ve fitoplazmalar gibi patojenlerin de yörede "biber sarılığı" hastalığına neden olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.
Important viruses mainly causing ''pepper yellowing disease'' in field-grown and greenhouse-grown peppers, their hosts and vectors were investigated in Hatay province of Turkey in 2013-2014. A total of 303 shoot, leaf and fruit samples collected from suspected pepper plants and weeds were investigated by symptomological, biological indexing (sap inoculation) and serological (DAS-ELISA: Double Anti body Sandwich Enzym Linked Immuno sorbent Assay) methods. Virus infections causing chlorosis or yellowing symptoms were mostly detected in pepper growing areas of Iskenderun and Samandağ districts in Hatay. PVY infections were determined as the most common agents in pepper samples exhibited yellowing symptoms in pepper growing areas in Hatay (13.6 %). PVY (Potato virus Y) was followed by the CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) (5.3 %), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) (2.65%), Tobacco etch virus (TEV) (2.65%), Beet western yellows virus (BWYC) (1.99%), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) (0.99%), Pepino mosaic virus (PePMV) (0.66%) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) (% 0.33). Furthermore, mixed infections caused by double, triple and quadruple viruses including CMV, PLRV (Potato leaf roll virus), PVX (Potato X virus), PVY and TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus) were also identified in pepper plants with low rates. Single infections of AMV, PLRV and PVX were not detected in pepper samples. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium quinoa, Convolvulus arvensis, Malva sylvestris, Physalis angulata, Mercurialis annua, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceus and Xanthium strumarium were commonly found weeds in pepper fields. However low in numbers, dodder (Cuscuta campestris) and broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infected plants were also observed in Reyhanlı. Portulaca oleracea, Urtica dioica and Plantago major were also observed in greenhouse-grown peppers. A. retroflexus (28.5 %), M. sylvestris (40.0 %), S. nigrum (30.0 %) and S. oleraceus (33.3 %) were found to be infected by AMV; A. retroflexus (40.0 %), M. sylvestris (57.1 %), P. angulata (16.6 %) and S. nigrum (50.0 %) samples were found to be infected by CMV, M. sylvestris (20.0 %), M. annua (41.6 %) and P. angulata (83.3 %) samples were found to be infected by PVY. TSWV was also detected in P. major (25.0 %) samples. Other viruses such as begomoviruses and phytoplasmas were not tested in this study were thought to be also causal agents of "pepper yellowing disease" in pepper growing areas in Hatay.
Important viruses mainly causing ''pepper yellowing disease'' in field-grown and greenhouse-grown peppers, their hosts and vectors were investigated in Hatay province of Turkey in 2013-2014. A total of 303 shoot, leaf and fruit samples collected from suspected pepper plants and weeds were investigated by symptomological, biological indexing (sap inoculation) and serological (DAS-ELISA: Double Anti body Sandwich Enzym Linked Immuno sorbent Assay) methods. Virus infections causing chlorosis or yellowing symptoms were mostly detected in pepper growing areas of Iskenderun and Samandağ districts in Hatay. PVY infections were determined as the most common agents in pepper samples exhibited yellowing symptoms in pepper growing areas in Hatay (13.6 %). PVY (Potato virus Y) was followed by the CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) (5.3 %), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) (2.65%), Tobacco etch virus (TEV) (2.65%), Beet western yellows virus (BWYC) (1.99%), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) (0.99%), Pepino mosaic virus (PePMV) (0.66%) and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) (% 0.33). Furthermore, mixed infections caused by double, triple and quadruple viruses including CMV, PLRV (Potato leaf roll virus), PVX (Potato X virus), PVY and TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus) were also identified in pepper plants with low rates. Single infections of AMV, PLRV and PVX were not detected in pepper samples. Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium quinoa, Convolvulus arvensis, Malva sylvestris, Physalis angulata, Mercurialis annua, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceus and Xanthium strumarium were commonly found weeds in pepper fields. However low in numbers, dodder (Cuscuta campestris) and broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infected plants were also observed in Reyhanlı. Portulaca oleracea, Urtica dioica and Plantago major were also observed in greenhouse-grown peppers. A. retroflexus (28.5 %), M. sylvestris (40.0 %), S. nigrum (30.0 %) and S. oleraceus (33.3 %) were found to be infected by AMV; A. retroflexus (40.0 %), M. sylvestris (57.1 %), P. angulata (16.6 %) and S. nigrum (50.0 %) samples were found to be infected by CMV, M. sylvestris (20.0 %), M. annua (41.6 %) and P. angulata (83.3 %) samples were found to be infected by PVY. TSWV was also detected in P. major (25.0 %) samples. Other viruses such as begomoviruses and phytoplasmas were not tested in this study were thought to be also causal agents of "pepper yellowing disease" in pepper growing areas in Hatay.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
