Hitit sanatında lituus tasvirleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2007
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Latince bir kelime olan lituus, uç kısmı geriye dogru kıvrık bir asadır. Alacahöyük'te bulunan ve asa bası oldugu düsünülen Erken Tunç Çagı'na tarihlenen nesneler ile bir Frig tümülüsünde bulunan korunmus lituuslar dısında, Anadolu'da lituus bulunmamıstır. MÖ 2. binin basından itibaren Anadolu'da tasvirli sanat eserleri üzerinde görülmeye baslanan lituuslar, genellikle krallar ve bazı tanrısallıkların ellerinde görülmektedir. Çalısmamızın birinci bölümünü giris, çalısmanın konusu, amacı, yöntemi, önemi ve materyali, lituusun anlamı; Hititler öncesi Anadolu'da lituusun kullanımı ile Mısır ve Yakındogu'daki lituus ve tasvirleri hakkında kısa bilgiler olusturmaktadır. Çalısmamızın ikinci bölümünde, tezin konusunu olusturan Hititler'in kurulusundan baslayarak Geç Hitit Sehir Devletlerinin yıkılısına kadar geçen siyasi tarihleri incelenerek, Hititler ile ilgili genel bir bilgi verilmeye çalısılmıstır. Çalısmamızın üçüncü bölümünü, Erken Hitit, Hitit mparatorluk ve Geç Hitit Dönemlerine ait lituusların tasvirleri olusturur. Lituusların bulundugu tasvirli eserler, kronolojik olarak ve üzerinde yer aldıgı eser grupları bazında incelenmistir. Bu lituusları tasıyanların kimler olabilecegi açıklanmaya çalısılmıstır. Ayrıca Hitit yazılı belgelerindeki lituusa karsılık geldigi düsünülen GI?kalmu? ve GI?PA'nın kimler tarafından, nasıl kullanıldıgı yazılı belgelere dayanılarak arastırılmıstır. Bu asaların boyut ve biçim farklılıkları göz önüne alınmıs ve yazılı belgelerdeki kullanımlarından örnekler verilmistir. Dördüncü bölümde, bir degerlendirme çalısması yapılmıstır. Bu degerlendirme çalısmasında Hitit Sanatındaki lituusların Anadolu'daki kökeni, gelisimi, degisimi ve kullanım alanları, Hitit yazılı belgelerinden de faydalanılarak incelenmistir. Bu incelemede Yakındogu ve Mısır'daki lituuslar da göz önüne alınmıstır. Bu degerlendirme neticesinde lituusların kökeni, Anadolu'da ortaya çıkısı ve kullanım alanları ile ilgili sonuçlara ulasılmıstır.
Lituus, a word in Latin, is a rod an upturned ending part. No lituus found in Anatolia other than the bronze objects, which are found at Alacahöyük and are considered to be heads of rod, and intact lituuses, which are found in Phrygian tumulus. The lituusus, which started to be seen on depicted artifacts in Anatolia as of the beginning of second millennium B.C., is generally seen in the hands of kings and some divinities. The first part of our study consist of the introduction, and the subject, aim, method, importance and material; the meaning of lituus; the use of lituus in Anatolia before the Hittites and brief information about the lituus and its depictions in Egypt and the Near East. In the second part of our study, it has been tried to give a general information about the Hittites that also forming the research subject by examining their political history from foundation to the demolition of the late Hittite city countries. The third part includes the lituus depictions in the Early Hittite, the Hittite Empire and the Late Hittite Periods. The depicted artifacts in which the lituus were found, were studied chronoligally and in the base of group works. It was investigated to explain who carried these lituuses. It was investigated on the written documents who used and how they were used the lituus in the Hittite inscriptions, they are thought to be the same as GI?kalmu? and GI?PA. Differences of dimensions and form of these rods were considered and some examples of their usage in the written documents were given. In the fourth chapter, a study of valuation were carried. The origin of the lituus in the Hittite arts in Anatolia, its development, changes and areas of usage were studied by help of the written Hittite documents. The lituuses in the Near East and Egypt were considered. It was reached to the result of origin of lituuses, their appearing in Anatolia, and to the usage areas.
Lituus, a word in Latin, is a rod an upturned ending part. No lituus found in Anatolia other than the bronze objects, which are found at Alacahöyük and are considered to be heads of rod, and intact lituuses, which are found in Phrygian tumulus. The lituusus, which started to be seen on depicted artifacts in Anatolia as of the beginning of second millennium B.C., is generally seen in the hands of kings and some divinities. The first part of our study consist of the introduction, and the subject, aim, method, importance and material; the meaning of lituus; the use of lituus in Anatolia before the Hittites and brief information about the lituus and its depictions in Egypt and the Near East. In the second part of our study, it has been tried to give a general information about the Hittites that also forming the research subject by examining their political history from foundation to the demolition of the late Hittite city countries. The third part includes the lituus depictions in the Early Hittite, the Hittite Empire and the Late Hittite Periods. The depicted artifacts in which the lituus were found, were studied chronoligally and in the base of group works. It was investigated to explain who carried these lituuses. It was investigated on the written documents who used and how they were used the lituus in the Hittite inscriptions, they are thought to be the same as GI?kalmu? and GI?PA. Differences of dimensions and form of these rods were considered and some examples of their usage in the written documents were given. In the fourth chapter, a study of valuation were carried. The origin of the lituus in the Hittite arts in Anatolia, its development, changes and areas of usage were studied by help of the written Hittite documents. The lituuses in the Near East and Egypt were considered. It was reached to the result of origin of lituuses, their appearing in Anatolia, and to the usage areas.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Arkeoloji, Archeology
