Fasulye hale yanıklığı hastalığının (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) biyolojik mücadelesinde endofit bakterilerin etkinliklerinin araştırılması
Loading...
Files
Date
2020
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Access Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Fasulye (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) içerdiği önemli protein ve besin maddeleri açısından insan beslenmesinde büyük öneme sahip önemli bir baklagil bitkisidir. Son yıllarda yaşanan anormal iklim koşulları ve düzensiz yağışlar nedeni ile hastalık sıklıkla karşılaşılır hale gelmiştir. Fasulye Hale Yanıklığı, tohum kaynaklı bir patojen Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) etmeninin neden olduğu, ülkemiz ve Dünya fasulye üretimi için büyük tehdit oluşturan bir hastalıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; (1) fasulye üretiminin yoğun olarak yapıldığı alanlardan elde edilen bitki gelişimini teşvik eden endofit bakterilerin (endofit) izolasyonu ve tanımlanması; (2) endofitlerin hastalık etmenine in vitro ve in vivo koşullarda oluşturdukları antagonistik etkinin ortaya konulması; (3) siderofor, proteaz, amonyum üretimi, indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) üretimi ve fosforu çözme özellikleri gibi antagonistik ve bitki gelişimini teşvik edici (PGP) mekanizmaların kalitatif ve kantitatif olarak tespit etmektir. Niğde, Konya, Eskişehir, Burdur ve Ankara illerinden toplanan sağlıklı fasulye bitki örneklerinden toplam 343 farklı endofit bakteri (EB) izole edilmiştir. İzole edildiği bölge, bitki aksamı, morfolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri, patojenisite tesleri ve MALDI-TOF analizleri sonucunda 56 farklı EB izolatı temsili olarak seçilmiş ve ikili kültür testleri ile hastalık etmeni Psp'ya karşı in vitro antagonistik etkinlikleri belirlenmiştir. EB izolatlarının ikili kültür testlerinde antagonisitk etkinliklikleri 1.22-4.85 indeks değerleri arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Test edilen 56 EB izolat arasında, 14 izolat yüksek engelleme etkisi [Antagonistik indeks değeri>3.0], 20 izolat orta düzeyde engelleme etkisi [Antagonistik indeks 2.0-3.0], 22 izolat ise düşük engelleme etkisi [Antagonistik indeks<2.0] göstemiştir. EB izolatları arasında en yüksek antagonistik etkiyi 4.85 antagonistik index değeri ile Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1 izolatınca gösterilmiş olup bu izolatı sırası ile Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Achromobacter spanius B1.1, Pseudomonas putida K15.1 ve Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1izolatları takip etmişlerdir. Testlenen 56 EB izolatından, 54 EB izolatı siderofor üretimi, 23 EB proteaz üretimi ve 12 EB farklı değerlerde fosforu çözme etkinliği göstermiştir. Tüm izolatlar farklı konsanstrasyonlarda IAA üretmiştir. 56 izolat arasından seçilen 32 antagonist EB izolatı koparılmış meyve testi ve saksı testlerinden oluşan in vivo testlemelere alınmıştır. Seçilen izolatlar arasından Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Achromobacter spanius B1.1, Pseudomonas putida K15.1 ve Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1 izolatları Psp etmeninin meyvelerde ve yapraklarda oluşturduğu hastalık belirtilerini baskılamada değişen değerlerde olmakla beraber yüksek etkinlik göstermişlerdir. Stenotrophomonas sp E13.1, Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1 ve Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2 izolatları kaplama yapıldıkları tohumlarda bitki gelişimini önemli ölçüde teşvik etmişlerdir. Bu çalışma ile EB izolatları arasında yer alan Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Achromobacter spanius B1.1, Pseudomonas putida K15.1 ve Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1 izolatları göstermiş oldukları yüksek biyo-kontrol ve bitki gelişimini teşvik özellikleri ile fasulye hale yanıklığı hastalığı ile mücedelede biyo-kontrol etmeni olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahip izolatlar olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legumes in the human diet and serves as a significant source of proteins. In recent years, bacterial disease incidences were frequently reported in major bean production areas due to abnormal rainfall and high fluctuating temperature and constitute serious constraints in bean crops. Bacterial halo blight of bean, caused by seed-borne Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp), is a serious threat for bean production not only in Turkey but also worldwide. The present study was conducted to (1) isolate and identify diversity of endophytic plant growth promoting bacterial isolates (EB) from healthy bean plants grown in different major bean producing provinces; (2) to screen antagonistic potentials of EB on bacterial growth and disease incidence in vitro and in vivo conditions; (3) to determine antagonistic and plant growth promoting (PGP) traits such as siderophore, protease, ammonium, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and phosphate solubilisation by EB qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 343 putative EB were obtained from different parts of healthy bean plant growing in Niğde, Konya, Eskişehir, Burdur and Ankara provinces. Fifty-six representatives putative EB were selected based on regions, biochemical and pathogenicity tests and identified in species level by morphological characterization and MALDI-TOF analyses. By using dual culture test, EB isolates were screened to inhibit Psp in vitro conditions. The results from the dual culture test, inhibition of Psp growth by EB, varied widely and significantly among isolates, with antagonistic index values ranging from 1.22 to 4.85. Among the 56 antagonist EB isolates, 14 isolates showed strong inhibition (inhibition indices >3.0), 20 isolates moderate inhibition (inhibition indices between 2.0-3.0), 22 isolates weak inhibition (inhibition indices >2). The highest antagonistic activities were displayed by EB isolates Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1 (4.85 inhibition index) followed by Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Achromobacter spanius B1.1, Pseudomonas putida K15.1 and Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1, respectively. Among the screened EB, 54 isolates were positive for the production of siderophore, 23 isolates positive for protease production and 12 isolates solubilised phosphate in varying degree. All selected EB isolates produced IAA and ammonia in relatively varying concentrations. The 32 antagonist EB isolates were further evaluated for their biocontrol efficacy on bean pods and leaves in vivo experiment. Although all isolates suppressed bacterial disease incidence varying ratios, isolates of Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Achromobacter spanius B1.1 ve Pseudomonas putida K15.1 and Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1 showed significant biocontrol activities against disease caused by Psp on bean pods and leaves. Seed coating by EB isolates Stenotrophomonas sp E13.1, Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2 promoted seedling growth and development significantly. The biocontrol and plant growth promoting and activities displayed by Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Achromobacter spanius B1.1 ve Pseudomonas putida K15.1 and Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1 isolates identified in this study highlight their potential suitability as a biocontrol bacterial agents against halo blight disease of bean.
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legumes in the human diet and serves as a significant source of proteins. In recent years, bacterial disease incidences were frequently reported in major bean production areas due to abnormal rainfall and high fluctuating temperature and constitute serious constraints in bean crops. Bacterial halo blight of bean, caused by seed-borne Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp), is a serious threat for bean production not only in Turkey but also worldwide. The present study was conducted to (1) isolate and identify diversity of endophytic plant growth promoting bacterial isolates (EB) from healthy bean plants grown in different major bean producing provinces; (2) to screen antagonistic potentials of EB on bacterial growth and disease incidence in vitro and in vivo conditions; (3) to determine antagonistic and plant growth promoting (PGP) traits such as siderophore, protease, ammonium, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and phosphate solubilisation by EB qualitatively and quantitatively. A total of 343 putative EB were obtained from different parts of healthy bean plant growing in Niğde, Konya, Eskişehir, Burdur and Ankara provinces. Fifty-six representatives putative EB were selected based on regions, biochemical and pathogenicity tests and identified in species level by morphological characterization and MALDI-TOF analyses. By using dual culture test, EB isolates were screened to inhibit Psp in vitro conditions. The results from the dual culture test, inhibition of Psp growth by EB, varied widely and significantly among isolates, with antagonistic index values ranging from 1.22 to 4.85. Among the 56 antagonist EB isolates, 14 isolates showed strong inhibition (inhibition indices >3.0), 20 isolates moderate inhibition (inhibition indices between 2.0-3.0), 22 isolates weak inhibition (inhibition indices >2). The highest antagonistic activities were displayed by EB isolates Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1 (4.85 inhibition index) followed by Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Achromobacter spanius B1.1, Pseudomonas putida K15.1 and Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1, respectively. Among the screened EB, 54 isolates were positive for the production of siderophore, 23 isolates positive for protease production and 12 isolates solubilised phosphate in varying degree. All selected EB isolates produced IAA and ammonia in relatively varying concentrations. The 32 antagonist EB isolates were further evaluated for their biocontrol efficacy on bean pods and leaves in vivo experiment. Although all isolates suppressed bacterial disease incidence varying ratios, isolates of Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Achromobacter spanius B1.1 ve Pseudomonas putida K15.1 and Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1 showed significant biocontrol activities against disease caused by Psp on bean pods and leaves. Seed coating by EB isolates Stenotrophomonas sp E13.1, Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2 promoted seedling growth and development significantly. The biocontrol and plant growth promoting and activities displayed by Pseudomonas gessardii N35.1, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans B11.2, Stenotrophomonas sp B6.6, Arthrobacter ilicis N11.3, Achromobacter spanius B1.1 ve Pseudomonas putida K15.1 and Arthrobacter gandavensis N19.1 isolates identified in this study highlight their potential suitability as a biocontrol bacterial agents against halo blight disease of bean.
Description
Keywords
Ziraat, Agriculture
