Muz meyvelerinde hasat sonrasında görülen fungal hastalık etmenlerinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
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Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Muz, dünyanın dördüncü en önemli küresel gıda maddesidir. Dünyanın önde gelen muz üreticisi ülkelerin en önemli sorunlarından biri de derim (hasat) sonrası görülen ürün kayıplarıdır. Bu çalışmada, 2013 ve 2014 muz yetiştirme sezonlarında Mersin ilinin farklı ilçelerindeki birçok depo ve paketleme evleri ziyaret edilmiş ve buralardan rastgele muz meyve örnekleri alınmıştır. Muz meyveleri üzerinde ortaya çıkan derim sonrası fungal hastalık etmenlerini belirlemek için meyve örnekleri kısa bir süre için depolama odasında bekletilmiştir. Fungal hastalık etmenleri, hastalık belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden izole edilmiş ve kültürleri morfolojik yapılarına göre teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 197 farklı hastalık belirtisi gösteren muz meyve örneğinden toplam 238 fungal izolat elde edilmiştir. Bu izolatlar arasında taç çürüklüğü hastalık belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden en fazla Fusarium spp (%21,8) izole edilmiş olup, bu türleri sırası ile Fusarium verticillioides (% 13.4), F. oxysporum (% 10.5), F. proliferatum (% 9.7) ve Thielaviopsis paradoxa (% 2.5) izlemiştir. Bir diğer yaygın hastalık olan uç çürüklüğü belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden ise 35 farklı fungal kültür elde edilmiştir. Meyve uç çürüklüğü belirtisi gösteren meyvelerden en fazla Fusarium spp (% 7.6) izole edilmiş olup, bu etmenleri sırası ile puro uç çürüklüğü etmeni Musicillium theobromae (% 2.9) ve siyah uç çürüklüğü etmeni Deightoniella torulosa (% 1.7) izlemiştir. Thielaviopsis paradoxa'nın ülkemizde muz meyvelerinde hastalığa neden olduğu ilk kez bu çalışma ile ortaya konulmuştur. Bu hastalıkların yanı sıra, meyve etinin merkezinde siyah iç çürüklük belirtileri kaydedilmiştir. Yapılan izolasyonlar sonucunda bu tip çürüklük belirtilerine neden olan hastalık etmeninin F. verticillioides (%4.2) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Alternaria alternata (%10.9), Penicillium spp (% 8.8), Aspergillus niger (% 4.6) ve Cladosporium cladosporioides (% 1.3) gibi türlere ait 60 farklı fungal izolat ise farklı çürüme belirtileri gösteren muz meyve üzerinde sekonder hastalık etmeni olarak elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, gelecekte muzda derim sonrası hastalıklar ve mücadelesi üzerine yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutacak niteliktedir.
Banana constituted the fourth most important global food commodity. Postharvest loss of banana fruits is one of the major problems in the major banana producing countries. In this study, several storage and packing houses in different districts of Mersin province were visited and randomly selected banana fruits were collected during 2013 and 2014 growing season. Banana fruits were stored in storage chambers for a short period in order to determine the incidence of postharvest fungal disease agents. Fungal disease agents were subsequently isolated from infected fruits and identified according to their morphological characteristics. A total of 238 fungal isolates were obtained from 197 samples of diseased fruits. Crown rot, a disease complex caused by various fungi, was found as the most common and significant postharvest disease on banana fruits. Among the fungal isolates obtained in the fruits showing crown rot disease symptoms, Fusarium spp (21.8%) were most frequently isolated fungal agents which were followed by Fusarium verticillioides (13.4%), F. oxysporum (10.5%), F. proliferatum (9.7%) and Thielaviopsis paradoxa (2.5%) as causal disease agents responsible for crown rot disease. Thirty five different fungal cultures were isolated from fruits showing symptoms of fruit end rot which is another important disease encountered. Isolations made from fruits exhibiting fruit end rot disease symptoms, Fusarium spp (7.6%) were found as the most common species which were followed by cigar-end rot caused by Musicillium theobromae (2.9%) and black end rot caused by Deightoniella torulosa (1.7%), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Thielaviopsis paradoxa as the causal disease agent on banana fruits in Turkey. Apart from these diseases, black rot symptoms at the center of fruit flesh were recorded. F. verticillioides (4.2%) was identified as the causal disease agents of this symptom. Sixty one different fungal isolates, belonged to different species such as Alternaria alternata (10.9%), Penicillium spp (8.8%), Aspergillus niger (4.6%) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.3%), were also obtained on banana fruits showing different rot symptoms where they seemed to be secondary disease agents. Results of this study will be pioneering and shed light on future studies about necessary control measures against the postharvest disease of banana.
Banana constituted the fourth most important global food commodity. Postharvest loss of banana fruits is one of the major problems in the major banana producing countries. In this study, several storage and packing houses in different districts of Mersin province were visited and randomly selected banana fruits were collected during 2013 and 2014 growing season. Banana fruits were stored in storage chambers for a short period in order to determine the incidence of postharvest fungal disease agents. Fungal disease agents were subsequently isolated from infected fruits and identified according to their morphological characteristics. A total of 238 fungal isolates were obtained from 197 samples of diseased fruits. Crown rot, a disease complex caused by various fungi, was found as the most common and significant postharvest disease on banana fruits. Among the fungal isolates obtained in the fruits showing crown rot disease symptoms, Fusarium spp (21.8%) were most frequently isolated fungal agents which were followed by Fusarium verticillioides (13.4%), F. oxysporum (10.5%), F. proliferatum (9.7%) and Thielaviopsis paradoxa (2.5%) as causal disease agents responsible for crown rot disease. Thirty five different fungal cultures were isolated from fruits showing symptoms of fruit end rot which is another important disease encountered. Isolations made from fruits exhibiting fruit end rot disease symptoms, Fusarium spp (7.6%) were found as the most common species which were followed by cigar-end rot caused by Musicillium theobromae (2.9%) and black end rot caused by Deightoniella torulosa (1.7%), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Thielaviopsis paradoxa as the causal disease agent on banana fruits in Turkey. Apart from these diseases, black rot symptoms at the center of fruit flesh were recorded. F. verticillioides (4.2%) was identified as the causal disease agents of this symptom. Sixty one different fungal isolates, belonged to different species such as Alternaria alternata (10.9%), Penicillium spp (8.8%), Aspergillus niger (4.6%) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.3%), were also obtained on banana fruits showing different rot symptoms where they seemed to be secondary disease agents. Results of this study will be pioneering and shed light on future studies about necessary control measures against the postharvest disease of banana.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
