Futbolda dar alan oyunları sırasında yüklenme düzeyleri ve teknik parametreler: Dar alan oyunları öncesinde uygulanan çalışmaların etkilerinin incelenmesi
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Tarih
2022
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Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı dar alan oyunları sırasında karşılaşılan içsel ve dışsal yüklenme düzeylerinin öncesinde uygulanan pliometri ve kompleks kuvvet (hipertrofi + pliometri) antrenmanlarından etkilenip etkilenmediğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmaya U-19 Elit B kategorisinde aktif olarak oynayan (yaş 18.50±0.51 yıl, boy 177±0.36 cm, vücut ağırlığı 69.00±4.73 kg, spor yaşı 6.35±0.84 yıl, vücut yağ yüzdesi) 14 futbolcu katılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında dinlenik dar alan, pliometri sonrası oynanan dar alan ve kompleks kuvvet (Hipertfrofi+Pliometri) antrenmanı sonrası oynanan dar alan oyunu olmak üzere üç farklı uygulama yapılmıştır. Tüm uygulamalar süresince katılımcıların kalp atım hızı değerleri ve hareket profilleri 10 Hz GPS sistemi ile kaydedilmiştir (Polar Team Pro). İnternal yüklenme düzeyinin değerlendirilmesinde farklı KAH aralıklarında (<70, 70-80, 80-90, >90) geçirilen süre, KAH ortalama, KAHmaks, % KAHmaks, KAHrez değerleri dikkate alınmıştır. Ayrıca, internal yük düzeylerinin belirlenmesinde dar alan oyunu öncesi ve sonrasında LA ve AZD değerleri belirlenmiştir. Eksternal yüklenme düzeyinin değerlendirilmesinde ise ortalama hız, maksimum hız, kat edilen mesafe, dakikada kat edilen mesafe, farklı hız alanlarındaki mesafeler, pozitif ve negatif ivmelenme sayıları incelemeye alınmıştır. Diğer taraftan, teknik performansın değerlendirilebilmesi için oyunlar 2 kamera ile kaydedilmiştir. Tüm değişkenler için ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri hesaplandı. Farklı denemelerde içsel ve dışsal yüklenme düzeyleri arasındaki fark tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi testi ile ikişerli grup karşılaştırmaları ise LSD testi ile yapılmıştır. Teknik parametreler arasındaki fark Friedman testi ile ikişerli grup karşılaştırmaları ise Wilcoxon testi ile kontrol edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre KAHrez, KAHort, > % 90 KAHmaks aralığında geçirilen süre açısından hem DDAO hem de PDAO H+PDAO'dan yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). %80-90 KAHmaks aralığında ise sadece DDAO, H+PDAO'dan yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Oyun sonu LA değerleri açısından DDAO'nun diğer oyunlardan düşük olduğu (p<0,05), AZD değerleri açısından ise oyunlar öncesinde H+PDAO'nun diğer oyunlardan yüksek (p<0,05), oyunlar sonunda DDAO ve PDAO H+PDAO'dan yüksek bulunurken (p<0,05), DDAO'da PDAO'dan yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Eksternal yüklemme düzeyleri açısından kat edilen toplam mesafe, ortalama hız, dakikada kat edilen mesafe, farklı hız aralıklarında kat edilen mesafeler (8.00-11.99,12.00-14.99) ve negatif ivmelenme sayısı (-1.99---1.00) DDAO ve PDAO'da, H+PDAO'dan yüksek bulunur iken (p<0,05) DDAO'da PDAO'dan yüksektir (p<0,05). Ayrıca, egzersiz yükü, pozitf ivmelenme (0.50-0.99,1.00-1.99), 15.00-17.99 hız aralığında kat edilen mesafe ve negatif ivmelenme (-0.99---0.50) sayısı DDAO'da sadece H+PDAO'dan yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Diğer taraftan, yer verilen teknik parametrelerin çoğunda oyunlar arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Bu çalışmanın sonucunda dar alan oyunları öncesi uygulanan pliometri ve hipertrofi+pliometri antrenmanların oyunlarda karşılaşılan iç ve dış yükleri etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları antrenörlere hedeflenen antrenman amaçlarına göre DAO'ya antrenmanın hangi evresinde yer verecekleri konusunda yardımcı olacaktır.
The aim of this study is to reveal whether the internal and external training loading levels during small sided games are influenced from preceding plyometry and complex strength (hypertrophy + plyometric) training. 14 football players (age 18.50±0.51 years, height 177±0.36 cm, body weight 69.00±4.73 kg, training experience 6.35±0.84 years, body fat percentage) actively playing in the U-19 Elite B category participated in the study. Three different applications were conducted as resting small sided game, small sided game played after plyometric training and small sided game played after complex strength training (Hypertrophy+Plyometric). During all the applications, the heart rate values and movement profiles of the participants were recorded with a 10 Hz GPS system (Polar Team Pro, Finland). Time spent in different HR zones (<70, 70-80, 80-90, >90), mean HR, HRmax, % HRmax, HRres values were taken into account in the evaluation of the internal loading level. In addition, LA and RPE values were also determined before and after all small sided games as an indicater of the internal load levels. Average speed, maximum speed, total distance covered, distance covered per minute, distance covered in different speed zones, number of positive and negative accelerations were taken into account as an indicater of external loading level. Moreover, all the games were recorded with 2 cameras in order to enable to evaluate the technical performance. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated for all variables. Repeated measure ANOVA statistic was used to determine differences between trials. If the F value was found to be significant, pairwise group comparisons were made with the LSD test. Differences between technical parameters were evaluated with Friedman test and pairwise group comparisons were made using Wilcoxon test. According to the findings of the study, both DDAO and PDAO were found to be higher than H+PDAO in terms of HRres, HRmean, and time spent in the > 90% HRmax zone (p< 0.05). In the 80-90 % HRmax zone, only DDAO was found to be higher than H+PDAO (p< 0.05). In terms of postgame LA values, DDAO was lower than other games (p<0.05), However, in terms of pregame RPE values, H+PDAO was higher than other games (p< 0.05), in contrast, in terms of postgame RPE, DDAO and PDAO were found to be higher than H+PDAO (p<0.05), while DDAO was found to be higher than PDAO (p<0.05). By means of external load level parameters; the total distance covered, average speed, distance covered per minute, distances in different speed zones (8.00-11.99, 12.00-14.99) and number of negative acceleration (-1.99---1.00) of DDAO and PDAO were higher than H+PDAO (p<0.05), and DDAO was higher than PDAO (p<0.05). In addition, DDAO was found to be higher than only H+PDAO in training load, number of positive acceleration (0.50-0.99,1.00-1.99) and a number of negative acceleration (-0.99-0.50), and distance covered in speed range of 15.00-17.99. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between games in terms of most of the technical parameters employed. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the plyometric and hypertrophy+plyometric trainings inserted before the small sided games affected the internal and external training loads during games. Therefore, these findings can help the trainers in which phase of the training they will include the DAO according to the targeted training goals.
The aim of this study is to reveal whether the internal and external training loading levels during small sided games are influenced from preceding plyometry and complex strength (hypertrophy + plyometric) training. 14 football players (age 18.50±0.51 years, height 177±0.36 cm, body weight 69.00±4.73 kg, training experience 6.35±0.84 years, body fat percentage) actively playing in the U-19 Elite B category participated in the study. Three different applications were conducted as resting small sided game, small sided game played after plyometric training and small sided game played after complex strength training (Hypertrophy+Plyometric). During all the applications, the heart rate values and movement profiles of the participants were recorded with a 10 Hz GPS system (Polar Team Pro, Finland). Time spent in different HR zones (<70, 70-80, 80-90, >90), mean HR, HRmax, % HRmax, HRres values were taken into account in the evaluation of the internal loading level. In addition, LA and RPE values were also determined before and after all small sided games as an indicater of the internal load levels. Average speed, maximum speed, total distance covered, distance covered per minute, distance covered in different speed zones, number of positive and negative accelerations were taken into account as an indicater of external loading level. Moreover, all the games were recorded with 2 cameras in order to enable to evaluate the technical performance. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated for all variables. Repeated measure ANOVA statistic was used to determine differences between trials. If the F value was found to be significant, pairwise group comparisons were made with the LSD test. Differences between technical parameters were evaluated with Friedman test and pairwise group comparisons were made using Wilcoxon test. According to the findings of the study, both DDAO and PDAO were found to be higher than H+PDAO in terms of HRres, HRmean, and time spent in the > 90% HRmax zone (p< 0.05). In the 80-90 % HRmax zone, only DDAO was found to be higher than H+PDAO (p< 0.05). In terms of postgame LA values, DDAO was lower than other games (p<0.05), However, in terms of pregame RPE values, H+PDAO was higher than other games (p< 0.05), in contrast, in terms of postgame RPE, DDAO and PDAO were found to be higher than H+PDAO (p<0.05), while DDAO was found to be higher than PDAO (p<0.05). By means of external load level parameters; the total distance covered, average speed, distance covered per minute, distances in different speed zones (8.00-11.99, 12.00-14.99) and number of negative acceleration (-1.99---1.00) of DDAO and PDAO were higher than H+PDAO (p<0.05), and DDAO was higher than PDAO (p<0.05). In addition, DDAO was found to be higher than only H+PDAO in training load, number of positive acceleration (0.50-0.99,1.00-1.99) and a number of negative acceleration (-0.99-0.50), and distance covered in speed range of 15.00-17.99. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between games in terms of most of the technical parameters employed. As a result of this study, it can be concluded that the plyometric and hypertrophy+plyometric trainings inserted before the small sided games affected the internal and external training loads during games. Therefore, these findings can help the trainers in which phase of the training they will include the DAO according to the targeted training goals.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Spor, Sports
