Toplum sözleşmecilerinden 11 Eylül'e güvenlik anlayışındaki değişim
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Tarih
2016
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Güvenlik, insanların ve toplumların kendilerini güvende hissettikleri, herhangi bir tehdit ve tehlike altında bulunmadıkları bir durumu ifade etmektedir. İnsanlar, bir arada yaşamaya başladıktan sonra özellikle birbirlerine karşı güvenliklerini güvence altına almak için devlet adı verilen zorunlu gücü meydana getirmişlerdir. Bu görüşe göre devletin asıl varlık nedeni, esas olarak güvenliktir. Toplumların gelişimine koşut olarak, güvenliğe ilişkin yaklaşımda da farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmanın konusu, tarihsel süreç içerisinde ortaya çıkan farklı güvenlik anlayışlarının temel özelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Bu çerçevede, çalışmada özgürlük ve güvenlik arasındaki ilişkiye bağlı olarak "güvenlikçi" ya da "özgürlükçü" şeklinde nitelenen farklı güvenlik yaklaşımları ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın temel bulgusu isedayanağı toplum sözleşmesi kuramcıları Hobbes ve Locke'a kadar uzanan bu birbirine zıt güvenlik anlayışlarının, günümüzde karmaşık bir hal alan tehdit ve tehlike şartlarına cevap veremediğini ve bu nedenle yeni bir güvenlik anlayışının tanımlanması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktır.Çalışmada literatür taraması yöntemi ile tarihsel bir perspektif çerçevesinde güvenlik anlayışındaki değişim incelenmiştir. Birbirinden farklı güvenlik anlayışları, karşılaştırmalı bir yöntemle ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada devletin asli işlevinin insanların güvenlik içerisinde özgürce yaşamalarını sağlamak olduğu düşüncesini esas alan, güvenlik ve özgürlüğü birbirinin alternatifi değil garantisi olarak gören yeni bir bakış açısının, küresel insani güvenlik anlayışının, geliştirilmesinin kaçınılmaz bir zorunluluk olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
The common and general understanding of security refers to the environment where people and societies feel safe they do not feel under some threat or danger. After people organised themselves for sharing a common life they have established the corresponding authority to support their organised life, namely, the ‘state’. Among the upmost role of the state is to ensure people’s and communities security by proteting them from others”should they appear as foreigners either internal “’enemies”, conguers and whoever else threatening the life and property of the population. According to this view, the real reason of existence of the state is predominantly the security. Along wih the development of societies and states they have been raised various views and ideas related to the security of citizens, the role of state in security protection of the population and the role of securiy in garantees of the nation – states, as well. The main subject of this study aims at analysing the most essential ideas related to the security, which have been raised and developed over the past centuries and decades. The essay takes into account historical perspective. In this context, this study is analysing different approaches towards security, which are described as “security-oriented” or “liberty-oriented” with taking into account relation between security and liberty. The purpose of study, these opposing security understandings based on social contract theoreticians Hobbes and Locke cannot respond to the threat and dangerous circumstances, which have assumed a complicated nature today. The main finding of this study is that the understanding of security must be re-defined. In the study, the change in the understanding of security was approbated within a historical perspective with the literature review method. Different security understandings were addressed with a comparative method. The study concludes that is imperative to develop a new perspective, global humanitarian security approach, taking the thought that the primary function of the state is to ensure that people live freely in security as basis. Furthermore, security and freedom are to be seen as guarantees of each other rather than alternatives of each other is to be
The common and general understanding of security refers to the environment where people and societies feel safe they do not feel under some threat or danger. After people organised themselves for sharing a common life they have established the corresponding authority to support their organised life, namely, the ‘state’. Among the upmost role of the state is to ensure people’s and communities security by proteting them from others”should they appear as foreigners either internal “’enemies”, conguers and whoever else threatening the life and property of the population. According to this view, the real reason of existence of the state is predominantly the security. Along wih the development of societies and states they have been raised various views and ideas related to the security of citizens, the role of state in security protection of the population and the role of securiy in garantees of the nation – states, as well. The main subject of this study aims at analysing the most essential ideas related to the security, which have been raised and developed over the past centuries and decades. The essay takes into account historical perspective. In this context, this study is analysing different approaches towards security, which are described as “security-oriented” or “liberty-oriented” with taking into account relation between security and liberty. The purpose of study, these opposing security understandings based on social contract theoreticians Hobbes and Locke cannot respond to the threat and dangerous circumstances, which have assumed a complicated nature today. The main finding of this study is that the understanding of security must be re-defined. In the study, the change in the understanding of security was approbated within a historical perspective with the literature review method. Different security understandings were addressed with a comparative method. The study concludes that is imperative to develop a new perspective, global humanitarian security approach, taking the thought that the primary function of the state is to ensure that people live freely in security as basis. Furthermore, security and freedom are to be seen as guarantees of each other rather than alternatives of each other is to be
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Türk İdare Dergisi
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