Türkiye'de ipek böceği (Bomyx mori) yetiştiriciliğinin iller bazında gelişimi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İpek böceği yetiştiriciliği, yardımcı bir tarımsal faaliyet olarak yapılabilen, aile bireylerin emeklerinin değerlendirilmesinde ve kırsal alanda gizli işsizliğin önlenmesi ve son yıllarda üretimde dalgalanmalar yaşayan bir üretim dalıdır. İpek böceği, Bombycidae familyasından (Bombyx mori), dut yaprağı ile beslenen bir cins kelebeğin tırtılı olup, dünya üzerinde M.Ö. 2600 yıllarından beri kullanılan önemli ve pahalı bir dokuma sanayi hammaddesi olan ipeği üretmektedir. Dut ipeği dut ipek böceği (Bombyx mori) tarafından örülen kozalardan üretilmekte ve dünya ipek üretiminin %95'ini teşkil etmektedir. Gümrük ve ticaret bakanlığının 2019 yılı ipek böceği raporuna göre Dünyada, yaklaşık 30 ülkede ipek böcekçiliği yetiştiriciliği yapılmaktadır. Dünya yaş koza üretiminde yıllık ortalama 600-700 bin ton arasında değişen bir üretim rakamıyla Çin ilk sırayı almakta, bu ülkeyi 130 bin ton civarında bir üretimle Hindistan takip etmektedir. Bu üretim değerlerine göre Çin ve Hindistan dünya ipek böceği üretiminin büyük bir kısmını gerçekleştirdiği görülmektedir. Son iki yıldır Ülkemizde üretilen yaklaşık 100-120 ton yaş kozanın, yaklaşık 60-70 tonu Kozabirlik tarafından, 40-50 tonu ise Diyarbakır bölgesinde faaliyet gösteren Kulp Ziraat Odası Kulp İpek Üretim Merkezi İktisadi İşletmesince satın alınmaktadır. Kozabirlik ve Kulp Ziraat Odası Kulp İpek Üretim Merkezi tarafından satın alınan toplam kozanın kurutulması sonucunda yaklaşık 45-50 ton kuru koza elde edilmektedir. Ülkemizde 2002-2019 yılları arası ipek böcekçiliğinin durumu ve yaş koza üretim miktarları incelendiğinde yıllar itibarıyla yaş koza üretiminin yaygınlaştığı görülmektedir. 2002 yılında 21 olan ipek böceği yetiştiriciliği yapan il sayısı 2019 yılına gelindiğinde 52'ye, 327 olan köy sayısı ise 2019 yılında 660'a yükselmiştir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizde uzun yıllardan beri yetiştiriciliği yapılmakta olan ipek böceği üretiminin yıllar bazında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Silkworm breeding is a branch of production that can be carried out as an auxiliary agricultural activity, which has experienced fluctuations in production in recent years and in the evaluation of family members' labor, preventing hidden unemployment in rural areas. The silkworm is the caterpillar of a species of butterfly from the Bombycidae family (Bombyx mori) that feeds on mulberry leaves. It produces silk, an important and expensive textile industry raw material that has been used since 2600 years. Mulberry silk is produced from cocoons knitted by the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) and constitutes 95%of the world silk production. According to the 2019 silkworm report of the Ministry of Customs and Trade, silkworm cultivation is carried out in approximately 30 countries around the world. China takes the first place in world fresh cocoon production with an annual average production of 600-700 thousand tons, followed by India with a production of around 130 thousand tons. According to these production values, it is seen that China and India realize a large part of the world silkworm production. Approximately 60-70 tons of 100-120 tons of fresh cocoons, produced in our country for the last two years, are purchased by Kozabirlik and 40-50 tons by Kulp Agriculture Center, Kulp Silk Production Center Economic Enterprise, which operates in the Diyarbakır region. Approximately 45-50 tons of dry cocoons are obtained as a result of drying the total cocoons purchased by the Kozabirlik and Kulp Agriculture Center Kulp Sılk Production Center. When the status of sericulture and wet cocoon production amounts are examined in our country between 2002 and 2019, it is seen that wet cocoon production has become widespread over the years. The number of cities engaged in silkworm breeding, which was 21 in 2002, reached 52 in 2019, The number of villages, which was 327, increased to 660 in 2019. In this study, it is aimed to examine silkworm production, which has been cultivated in our country for many years, on an annual basis.
Silkworm breeding is a branch of production that can be carried out as an auxiliary agricultural activity, which has experienced fluctuations in production in recent years and in the evaluation of family members' labor, preventing hidden unemployment in rural areas. The silkworm is the caterpillar of a species of butterfly from the Bombycidae family (Bombyx mori) that feeds on mulberry leaves. It produces silk, an important and expensive textile industry raw material that has been used since 2600 years. Mulberry silk is produced from cocoons knitted by the mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mori) and constitutes 95%of the world silk production. According to the 2019 silkworm report of the Ministry of Customs and Trade, silkworm cultivation is carried out in approximately 30 countries around the world. China takes the first place in world fresh cocoon production with an annual average production of 600-700 thousand tons, followed by India with a production of around 130 thousand tons. According to these production values, it is seen that China and India realize a large part of the world silkworm production. Approximately 60-70 tons of 100-120 tons of fresh cocoons, produced in our country for the last two years, are purchased by Kozabirlik and 40-50 tons by Kulp Agriculture Center, Kulp Silk Production Center Economic Enterprise, which operates in the Diyarbakır region. Approximately 45-50 tons of dry cocoons are obtained as a result of drying the total cocoons purchased by the Kozabirlik and Kulp Agriculture Center Kulp Sılk Production Center. When the status of sericulture and wet cocoon production amounts are examined in our country between 2002 and 2019, it is seen that wet cocoon production has become widespread over the years. The number of cities engaged in silkworm breeding, which was 21 in 2002, reached 52 in 2019, The number of villages, which was 327, increased to 660 in 2019. In this study, it is aimed to examine silkworm production, which has been cultivated in our country for many years, on an annual basis.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
