Dünya ve Türkiye’de tarım ve hayvancılık kooperatiflerinin tarihsel gelişimi, iktisadi önemi ve mevcut durumu
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Tarih
2012
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, dünyada ve Türkiye’de tarım ve hayvancılık sektörlerinde kooperatif örgütlenmenin tarihsel gelişimi, mevcut durumu ve iktisadi öneminin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Günümüzde tarım ve hayvancılık kooperatifleri özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde önemli bir ekonomik, siyasal ve sosyal güç haline gelmiştir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, Anadolu ve Osmanlı’dan köken aldığı imece usulü dayanışma, ahilik teşkilatı ve gedik sistemi gibi sosyal ve iktisadi örgütlenme birikimi ve 150 yıllık kooperatifçilik geçmişine rağmen örgütlenmede istenen başarıyı sağlayamamıştır. Başarısızlığın dışsal nedenleri arasında geçmişte yaşanan askeri, iktisadi ve siyasi istikrarsızlıklar, örgütlenme hareketinin halkın talepleriyle tabandan değil, büyük ölçüde devlet tarafından biçimlendirilmesi, çok amaçlı kooperatifçilik modelinin benimsenmesi ve özellikle son yıllarda üretici ve yetiştirici örgütlenmesine ilişkin çıkarılan yasaların yetki karmaşası oluşturması gibi nedenler yer almaktadır. İçsel nedenlere bakıldığında, öncelikle kooperatiflerdeki yönetim zaafları, üyelerde örgüt bilinci ve güveninin yeterince olgunlaşmaması, düşük üye sayısı ve ortaklık payları, yetersiz sermaye birikimi ve kooperatifler arası işbirliği eksikliği dikkati çekmektedir. Türkiye’de kooperatif örgütlenmenin başarılı olabilmesi için evrensel kooperatifçilik ilkelerinin eksiksiz uygulanması, üyelerde örgüt bilincini geliştirecek eğitim çalışmalarının artırılması, yasal mevzuatın Avrupa Birliği’ne uyumunun sağlanması ve model olarak ihtisas kooperatiflerinin öne çıkarılması gibi çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir. Türkiye’de kooperatifçilik alanında sağlanacak ilerlemelerin yalnızca üretici ve yetiştirici lehine ekonomik ve siyasi kazanımlar sağlamakla kalmayacağı, aynı zamanda tüketici refahının artırılması, yerel ürünlerin küreselleşmenin olumsuz etkilerinden korunması ve kırsal ekonomik kalkınmada da önemli roller oynayacağı düşünülmektedir.
In this study, the evaluation of the historical development, current status and economic importance of the cooperative organization in the agriculture and livestock sectors in Turkey and in the world was aimed. Nowadays, agricultural and livestock cooperatives have become important economical, political and social strengths, especially in developed countries. As for the Republic of Turkey, despite the social and economic accumulation such as the collective work of solidarity (imece), Turkish-Islamic guidance (ahi community) and the rift system (gedik) it received from Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire, along with the 150-year cooperative history it has not achieved the desired organizational success. Among the external causes of failure: the military, economic and political instabilities of the past; organizational movements’ being formed not by the public’s grassroots movements, but mostly by the shaping by the state; adapting a multi-purpose cooperative model; and authority and function confusion emerged due to the recent laws related to the organization of the producers and breeders. When the internal reasons are viewed, low partnership shares, low number membership and participation share, insufficient accumulation of capital, in addition to the management weaknesses in cooperatives, the lack of collaboration among cooperatives, the organizational awareness of the members and insufficient trust are quite noteworthy are draw attention. In order for cooperative organization to be successful in Turkey, the full implementation of universal cooperative principles, increased training activities that will provide organizational awareness for the members, enabling the alignment of legal statutes with the EU, and bringing forth expert cooperatives as a model, must be carried out. It is believed that the progress provided in the cooperative field in Turkey will not only remain simply to contribute to the economical and political gains in favor of the producers and, but also to playing an important role in protecting against the negative effects of globalization, increasing consumer welfare and in improving the rural economics.
In this study, the evaluation of the historical development, current status and economic importance of the cooperative organization in the agriculture and livestock sectors in Turkey and in the world was aimed. Nowadays, agricultural and livestock cooperatives have become important economical, political and social strengths, especially in developed countries. As for the Republic of Turkey, despite the social and economic accumulation such as the collective work of solidarity (imece), Turkish-Islamic guidance (ahi community) and the rift system (gedik) it received from Anatolia and the Ottoman Empire, along with the 150-year cooperative history it has not achieved the desired organizational success. Among the external causes of failure: the military, economic and political instabilities of the past; organizational movements’ being formed not by the public’s grassroots movements, but mostly by the shaping by the state; adapting a multi-purpose cooperative model; and authority and function confusion emerged due to the recent laws related to the organization of the producers and breeders. When the internal reasons are viewed, low partnership shares, low number membership and participation share, insufficient accumulation of capital, in addition to the management weaknesses in cooperatives, the lack of collaboration among cooperatives, the organizational awareness of the members and insufficient trust are quite noteworthy are draw attention. In order for cooperative organization to be successful in Turkey, the full implementation of universal cooperative principles, increased training activities that will provide organizational awareness for the members, enabling the alignment of legal statutes with the EU, and bringing forth expert cooperatives as a model, must be carried out. It is believed that the progress provided in the cooperative field in Turkey will not only remain simply to contribute to the economical and political gains in favor of the producers and, but also to playing an important role in protecting against the negative effects of globalization, increasing consumer welfare and in improving the rural economics.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Veterinerlik
Kaynak
Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi
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Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
83
Sayı
1
