Uluslararası hukukta insanlığa karşı suçlar
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bir daha asla… Bu söylem hem uluslararası hukukun vahşet karşısındaki çaresizliğinin ifadesi hem de uluslararası hukukun aslında tek çare olduğunun ifadesidir. İnsanlık 20. yüzyılı ölümden önce gelen vahşetin kokusu ile hatırlayacaktı. İşte "insanlığa karşı suçlar" bu dönemde ismi sonradan konulan vahşetin kağıtlardaki adı olmuştur. Tarihsel kullanımı çok daha eskiye gitse de Nazi Almanya'sının hem kendi halkına hem de işgal ettiği yerlerin halklarına yaptığı eziyetler Nürnberg Statüsüne, ilk defa kullanılan bir suç tipi olan, "insanlığa karşı suçlar" olarak geçecekti. Bir yıl sonra İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın Japon sorumlularının yargılanacağı suçları belirleyen Tokyo Şartı'nda da "insanlığa karşı suçlar" yer almakta idi. Dünya kamuoyunun bu suç tipine karşı aldığı tavır yıllar içinde daha da keskinleşecekti. 1950 tarihinden 1993 tarihine kadar insanlığa karşı suçlar kavramı bir savaş suçları yargılamasında kullanılmadı. Ancak bu süreçte insanlığa karşı suçlar kavramı bir olgunlaşma dönemi geçirdi. 20. yüzyılın sonlarında Eski Yugoslavya ve Ruanda'da işlenen suçlar için oluşturulan Statülerde "insanlığa karşı suçlar" geçmiş dönem tecrübeleri ile daha da kapsamlı değerlendirildi. Devamında ise kavram, nihai kullanımı olan Roma Statüsündeki şeklini aldı. Uluslararası savaş olaylarının azalması ile güncelliğini yitiren savaş suçları ve barışa karşı suçlar, yerini devletlerin veya grupların kendi nüfuslarına karşı da işleyebildikleri insanlığa karşı suçlara bıraktı. Bugün işlenen ve yarın maalesef işlenecek olan insanlığa karşı suçları anlamak için bu kavramın geçmişine, tarihsel kökenlerine inilmesi gerekir. Mevcut çalışmamızda insanlığa karşı suçların hem kavramsal hem de normatif şekli irdelenerek, geçmişi, bugünkü durumu ve gelecekte alabileceği yeni haller tartışıldı.
Never again… This discourse is both the expression of the international law's desperation against ferocity, and the expression that the international law is actually the unique remedy. Humanity would remember 20th century with the smell comes before death. Here, in this period, "crimes against humanity" has become the later given name of the ferocity on the papers. Even if the historical usage dates back to old times, tortures Nazi Germany does to both it's people, and the people of the places it occupied would be recorded to Nürnberg Status as "crimes against humanity", a crime type used for the first time. A year later, "crimes against humanity" also took part in Tokyo Charter which determines the crimes of 2nd World War's Japanese responsibles would be judged. The attitude, which world public opinion has against this crime type would become sharper. From 1950 till 1993 date, the term "crimes against humanity wasn't used in a war crime judgement. But in this period, the term "crimes against humanity" has got through a maturation period. At the end of the 20th century, at the Status constituted for the crimes commited in former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, "crimes against humanity" was evaluated broader with the last period experiences. Afterwards, the term has got the last usage shape in Rome Status. War crimes and crimes against peace, which have lost their actuality with the decline of international war events, have given their places to the crimes against humanity, that states or groups also commit against their own population. To understand the crimes against humanity which are commited today, and will unfortunetely be commited tomorrow, it is necessary to go back it's historical origin. In our existing work, crimes against humanity's history, their present situation and new forms they may take in the future are discussed, by being scrutinized with both the conceptual and normative form.
Never again… This discourse is both the expression of the international law's desperation against ferocity, and the expression that the international law is actually the unique remedy. Humanity would remember 20th century with the smell comes before death. Here, in this period, "crimes against humanity" has become the later given name of the ferocity on the papers. Even if the historical usage dates back to old times, tortures Nazi Germany does to both it's people, and the people of the places it occupied would be recorded to Nürnberg Status as "crimes against humanity", a crime type used for the first time. A year later, "crimes against humanity" also took part in Tokyo Charter which determines the crimes of 2nd World War's Japanese responsibles would be judged. The attitude, which world public opinion has against this crime type would become sharper. From 1950 till 1993 date, the term "crimes against humanity wasn't used in a war crime judgement. But in this period, the term "crimes against humanity" has got through a maturation period. At the end of the 20th century, at the Status constituted for the crimes commited in former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, "crimes against humanity" was evaluated broader with the last period experiences. Afterwards, the term has got the last usage shape in Rome Status. War crimes and crimes against peace, which have lost their actuality with the decline of international war events, have given their places to the crimes against humanity, that states or groups also commit against their own population. To understand the crimes against humanity which are commited today, and will unfortunetely be commited tomorrow, it is necessary to go back it's historical origin. In our existing work, crimes against humanity's history, their present situation and new forms they may take in the future are discussed, by being scrutinized with both the conceptual and normative form.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hukuk, Law ; Siyasal Bilimler
