Türkiye denizlerinde bulunan Scombridae familyasına ait türlerin moleküler filogenetiği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2013
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalısmada Türkiye denizlerinde bulunan ve ekonomik değeri oldukça yüksek olan Scombridae familyasına ait dokuz türün (Scomberomorus commerson, Auxis rochei, Euthynnus alletteratus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Sarda sarda, Scomber japonicus, Scomber scombrus, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus thynnus) birbirleriyle olan genetik farklılıklarının belirlenmesi ve filogenetik ilişkilerinin şeklinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Moleküler filogenetik analizde mitokondriyal COI bölgesinin nükleotid dizileme analizi yapılmış ve DNA dizilerinin farklılığından elde edilen genetik farklılığın tespitinde Kimura 2 parameter modeli kullanılmıştır. Dizi analizi sonucunda elde edilen nükleotid kompozisyonunda G-C bazlarının oranlarına bakıldığında değerlerin % 49,4-45,9 arasında değişkenlik gösterdiği saptanmış ve ortalama G-C oranı % 47,5 olarak belirlenmiştir. A-T bazlarının oranı ise % 54,1 ile % 50,6 arasında değişkenlik göstermiş iken ortalama A-T oranı % 52,6 olarak bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra T bazının oranı % 28,4 ile % 29,8 oranında değişirken ortalama T oranı % 27 olarak, A bazının oranı % 23 ile % 24,4 arasında değişirken ortalama 23,6 olarak saptanmıştır. C bazının oranı % 28,1 ile % 30 oranında değişirken ortalama %28,7 olarak ve son olarak G oranları % 17,7 ile % 19,4 arasında değişirken ortalama 18,8 olarak saptanmıştır. 634 bç olarak incelenen COI bölgesinin 457 bçlik kısmı evrimsel süreçten etkilenmemiş bölgelerden oluşurken, 177 bç?lik bölge ise türler arasında çeşitli sebeplerden ötürü değişen bölge olarak tespit edilmiştir. 175 bçlik bölge ise türler arasında belirteç görevi görmüştür. Türler arası ortalama genetik çeşitlilik 0,117 olarak hesaplanırken, tür içi ortalama genetik çeşitlilik ise 0,002 olarak gözlenmiştir. COI bölgesinin türler arasındaki genetik değişim oranlarına bakıldığında K. pelamis ve E. alletteratus türlerinde bir değişim gözlenmezken en büyük değişim oranının S. commerson türünde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Türler arasındaki ortalama genetik uzaklık değerlerine bakıldığında en düşük genetik uzaklık T. alalunga ve T. thynnus türleri arasında (0,005) bulunurken S. japonicus ile İndopasifik kökenli S. commerson türleri arasındaki genetik uzaklık 0,201 ile en yüksek olarak hesaplanmıştır. Türler arasındaki moleküler filogenetik ilişkiyi tespit etmek amacıyla Neighbour Joining (NJ), Minimum Evolution (ME) ve Max. Parsimony (MP) Metodları kullanılarak filogenetik ağaçlar oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen ağaçlar incelendiğinde, ağaçların 2 ana dala ayrıldığı, bu dallardan ilkini Scombrini soy hattı oluştururken diğer dalların Thunnini, Sardini ve Scomberomorini soy hatlarından oluştuğu gözlenmiştir.
In this study genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship of the nine species (Scomberomorus commerson, Auxis rochei, Euthynnus alletteratus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Sarda sarda, Scomber japonicus, Scomber scombrus, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus thynnus) which have high economic value and belonging Scombridae family in Turkish waters were investigated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA COI region was used for molecular phylogenetic analysis, and Kimura-2 parameter model was used in the determination of genetic differences. As a result of sequencing the nucleotide compositions obtained were varied between % 49.4 - % 45.9 for the ratio of G-C, and average ratio of G-C was % 47.5 The ratio of A-T showed variability between % 54.1 to % 50.6, while the average A-T ratio was found to be % 52.6. On the other hand while the ratio of T was varied between %28.4 and %29.8 and average ratio of T was found %27, the ratio f A was varied between % 23 and % 24.4 and average ratio of A was found as 23.6. The ratio of C was varied between % 28.1 and % 30 and average ratio of C was found %28.7 and the ratio of G was varied between % 17.7 and % 19.4 and average ratio of A was found as 18.8. COI region was found as 634 base pair and compused 457 base pair as conserved sites and 177 base pair as variable sites. 175 base pair seen as a indicator between species. Mean evolutionary diversity between species is calculated as 0.117 and mean evolutionary diversity within species calculated as 0.002. The evolution divergence of the COI region between species has the higest value for S. commerson and no evolutionary changes were observed for K. pelamis and E. alletteratus. Genetic distance analysis showed that the highest nucleotide differences was observed between Indo- Pasific originated S. commerson and S. japonicus (0.201) and the lowest nucleotide differences was observed between T. alalunga and T. thynnus (0.005). In order to identify molecular phylogenetic relationship between species, phylogenetic trees were formed using Neighbor Joining (NJ), Minimum Evolution (ME) and Max. Parsimony (MP) Methods. To ensure the reliability of the creation of phylogenetic trees, 1000 repeated bootstrap tests were performed. It is observed that the phylogenetic trees have two main branches and while the first main branch is composed of tribus Scombrini, the second one is composed of tribus Thunnini, Sardini and Scomberomorini. Key word: Scombridae, Phylogenetic, DNA Sequencing, COI
In this study genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship of the nine species (Scomberomorus commerson, Auxis rochei, Euthynnus alletteratus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Sarda sarda, Scomber japonicus, Scomber scombrus, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus thynnus) which have high economic value and belonging Scombridae family in Turkish waters were investigated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA COI region was used for molecular phylogenetic analysis, and Kimura-2 parameter model was used in the determination of genetic differences. As a result of sequencing the nucleotide compositions obtained were varied between % 49.4 - % 45.9 for the ratio of G-C, and average ratio of G-C was % 47.5 The ratio of A-T showed variability between % 54.1 to % 50.6, while the average A-T ratio was found to be % 52.6. On the other hand while the ratio of T was varied between %28.4 and %29.8 and average ratio of T was found %27, the ratio f A was varied between % 23 and % 24.4 and average ratio of A was found as 23.6. The ratio of C was varied between % 28.1 and % 30 and average ratio of C was found %28.7 and the ratio of G was varied between % 17.7 and % 19.4 and average ratio of A was found as 18.8. COI region was found as 634 base pair and compused 457 base pair as conserved sites and 177 base pair as variable sites. 175 base pair seen as a indicator between species. Mean evolutionary diversity between species is calculated as 0.117 and mean evolutionary diversity within species calculated as 0.002. The evolution divergence of the COI region between species has the higest value for S. commerson and no evolutionary changes were observed for K. pelamis and E. alletteratus. Genetic distance analysis showed that the highest nucleotide differences was observed between Indo- Pasific originated S. commerson and S. japonicus (0.201) and the lowest nucleotide differences was observed between T. alalunga and T. thynnus (0.005). In order to identify molecular phylogenetic relationship between species, phylogenetic trees were formed using Neighbor Joining (NJ), Minimum Evolution (ME) and Max. Parsimony (MP) Methods. To ensure the reliability of the creation of phylogenetic trees, 1000 repeated bootstrap tests were performed. It is observed that the phylogenetic trees have two main branches and while the first main branch is composed of tribus Scombrini, the second one is composed of tribus Thunnini, Sardini and Scomberomorini. Key word: Scombridae, Phylogenetic, DNA Sequencing, COI
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Genetik, Genetics, Scombridae, Filogenetik, DNA Dizileme Analizi, COI, Scombridae, Phylogenetic, DNA Sequencing, COI
