Hatay ili örtüaltı organik domates yetiştiriciliğinde bazı begomovirüslerin enfeksiyon oranları ile doğal taşınma ve diğer konukçularının araştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Hatay ilinde organik domates yetiştiriciliği daha çok Samandağ ilçesinde yapılmaktadır. Samandağ ilçesinde organik domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan 4 ayrı serada 2009-2010 üretim döneminde beyazsinek, Bemisia tabaci ile taşınabilen TYLCV (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus: Domates sarı yaprak kıvırcıklık virüsü) ve ToMoV (Tomato Mottle Virus: Domates beneklenme virüsü) ile diğer önemli virüs ve fitoplazma hastalıkları yönünden incelemeler yapılmıştır. Araştırılan seralarda yaygın olarak şiddetli bodurlaşma, sararma, yapraklarda yukarı doğru kıvrılma, kalınlaşma, küçülme, kırışma, damar aralarında renk açılmaları, nekrotik lekelenmeler şeklinde belirtiler gözlenmiştir. Bazı bitkilerde yapraklarda morumsu-kırmızımsı renk oluşumu veya meyvelerde küçülme, şekil bozukluğu, renk açılmaları, nekrotik halka şeklinde veya mozaik lekelenmeler gözlenmiştir. Seralardan tesadüfi olarak toplanan bitki örnekleri TYLCV ve ToMoV haricinde AMV (Alfalfa mosaic virus: Yonca mozaik virüsü), CMV (Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus: Hıyar mozaik virüsü), PLRV (Potato leaf roll virüs: Patates yaprak kıvırcıklık virüsü), PVX (Potato X virus: Patates X virüsü), PVY (Potato Y virus: Patates Y virüsü), ToMV (Tomato mosaic virus: Domates mozaik virüsü), ToRSV (Tomato ringspot virus: Domates halkalı leke virüsü) ve TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus: Domates lekeli solgunluk virüsü) yönünden DAS-ELISA yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Morumsu-kırmızımsı renklenme görülen yaprak örnekleri fitoplazmalar yönünden DAPI ile araştırılmıştır. Araştırılan organik domates seralarında 2008-2009 üretim döneminde incelenen 214 örnekte sırası ile TYLCV ve PVY enfeksiyonları %26 ve %8.1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Samandağ ilçesinde organik domates seralarından alınan beyazsinek örnekleri B. tabaci B biyotip olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bemisia tabaci biyotip B ile sağlıklı domates bitkilerine TYLCV taşıması yapılmıştır. Hatay'da örtüaltı organik domates yetiştiriciliğinde sırası ile beyazsinek ve yaprakbiti gibi böcek vektörlerle taşınabilen TYLCV ve PVY enfeksiyonlarının daha fazla belirlenmiş olması, bu seralarda enfekteli bitkilerin eradike edilmemesi, sera açıklıklarının böcek girişini önleyecek tül örtü ile kapatılmaması ve vektör böcek populasyonunu azaltacak sarı yapışkan tuzak yerleştirilmemesi gibi seralarda gerekli mücadele yöntemlerinin uygulanmadığından kaynaklanmaktadır. Hatay ilinde üreticiler yeterli verim ve kalitede ürün alamadıkları için organik üretimden vazgeçme eğilimindedir. Hatay'da organik yetiştiricilik yapan üreticilerimize Organik Tarım Komitesi (OTK) ve Organik Tarım Ulusal Yönlendirme Komitesinin kurallarına uygun hastalık ve zararlı yönetimi ile ilgili daha ayrıntılı bir eğitim programı uygulanması gerekmektedir.
Organic tomato production is concentrated in Samandağ district of Hatay. In 2009-2010 period, inspections of tomato plants were made to presence of TYLCV (Tomato yellow leaf curl virüs) and ToMoV (Tomato mottle virüs) are transmitted by Bemisia tabaci and other common virus and phytoplasma diseases in four greenhouses in Samandağ-Hatay. Common symptoms as severe stunting and chlorosis, up-rolling and crinkled leaves, vein banding and flecking in interveinal areas, necrotic or mosaic lessions on leaves were observed on infected plants. Some symptomatic plants were exhibited some symptoms such as purple-reddish discoloration on leaves, reduced fruit size, necrotic rings or mosaic pattern on fruits. Except of TYLCV and ToMoV, the plant samples were tested for presence of AMV (Alfalfa mosaic virus), CMV (Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus), PLRV (Potato leaf roll virus), PVX (Potato X virus), PVY (Potato Y virus), ToMV (Tomato mosaic virus), ToRSV (Tomato ringspot virus) and TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus) by DAS ELISA. Totally, 214 plants samples were detected in 2009-2010 period and TYLCV and PVY infections were found as 26% and 8.17%, respectively. The leaf samples exhibited severe symptoms with purple-reddish discoloration on leaves were additionally detected for presence of phytoplasmas by DAPI analysis. Samples of whitefly taken from organic tomato greenhouse in Samandağ district were identified as Bemisia tabaci B biotype. TYLCV was able to transmit to the healthy tomato test plants by vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B. The infection rates of TYLCV and PVY are whitefly and aphid-transmissible pathogens, respectively were found in a higher rates in organic tomatoes greenhouses in Hatay. These results caused by the lack of the effective control measures for pests and diseases in greenhouse conditions as eradication of infected plant, using of a suitable net and sticky traps for preventing or reducing vector populations in greenhouses in accordance with the rules of organic farming are not applied for pests and viral diseases managements. Growers tend to decide not to produce organic tomatoes in Samandağ district. The detailed training program for the growers is necessary for more effective and economic organic vegetable production in Hatay according to the rules of Organic Farming Committee (OFC) and Organic Farming National Steering Committee etc.
Organic tomato production is concentrated in Samandağ district of Hatay. In 2009-2010 period, inspections of tomato plants were made to presence of TYLCV (Tomato yellow leaf curl virüs) and ToMoV (Tomato mottle virüs) are transmitted by Bemisia tabaci and other common virus and phytoplasma diseases in four greenhouses in Samandağ-Hatay. Common symptoms as severe stunting and chlorosis, up-rolling and crinkled leaves, vein banding and flecking in interveinal areas, necrotic or mosaic lessions on leaves were observed on infected plants. Some symptomatic plants were exhibited some symptoms such as purple-reddish discoloration on leaves, reduced fruit size, necrotic rings or mosaic pattern on fruits. Except of TYLCV and ToMoV, the plant samples were tested for presence of AMV (Alfalfa mosaic virus), CMV (Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus), PLRV (Potato leaf roll virus), PVX (Potato X virus), PVY (Potato Y virus), ToMV (Tomato mosaic virus), ToRSV (Tomato ringspot virus) and TSWV (Tomato spotted wilt virus) by DAS ELISA. Totally, 214 plants samples were detected in 2009-2010 period and TYLCV and PVY infections were found as 26% and 8.17%, respectively. The leaf samples exhibited severe symptoms with purple-reddish discoloration on leaves were additionally detected for presence of phytoplasmas by DAPI analysis. Samples of whitefly taken from organic tomato greenhouse in Samandağ district were identified as Bemisia tabaci B biotype. TYLCV was able to transmit to the healthy tomato test plants by vector whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B. The infection rates of TYLCV and PVY are whitefly and aphid-transmissible pathogens, respectively were found in a higher rates in organic tomatoes greenhouses in Hatay. These results caused by the lack of the effective control measures for pests and diseases in greenhouse conditions as eradication of infected plant, using of a suitable net and sticky traps for preventing or reducing vector populations in greenhouses in accordance with the rules of organic farming are not applied for pests and viral diseases managements. Growers tend to decide not to produce organic tomatoes in Samandağ district. The detailed training program for the growers is necessary for more effective and economic organic vegetable production in Hatay according to the rules of Organic Farming Committee (OFC) and Organic Farming National Steering Committee etc.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
