Hatay ili biber (Capsicum annuum L.) üretim alanlarında fitoplazma hastalıklarının, vektörlerinin ve diğer konukçularının araştırılması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma 2015-2020 yılları arasında Hatay ilinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan biber alanlarındaki fitoplazma hastalıklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada fitoplazmalara özgü sarılık, yaprakların kaşık şeklini alması, phyllody, virescence (yeşillenme), çiçeklerin dumura uğraması (sterility), iri tomurcuk, çalılaşma belirtisi gösteren biber, susam, fesleğen, patlıcan, domates ve yabancı otlardan örnekler alınmıştır. Ayrıca vektör böceklerin belirlenmesi amacıyla D-VAC ile böcek toplanmıştır. Bölgede yetiştiriciliği en çok yapılan salçalık biberlerde belirtiler %0,5-3 oranında gözlenir iken süs biberi ve Samandağ biberinde fitoplazma belirtilerine hiç rastlanmamıştır. Arazi içerisindeki susam ve fesleğen bitkilerinde bu oran %30 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Biber arazilerinde en çok Empoasca sp., Cicadulina bipunctata ve Psammotettix sp., türleri bulunurken bunları Exitianus capicola, Euscelidius sp., Anaceratagallia laevis ve Balchutha hebe türleri takip etmiştir. Kontrollü koşullarda yapılan T göz ve yonga aşı denemeleri ile hastalıklı bitkilerden sağlıklı test bitkilerine taşıma çalışmalarında susam ve fesleğen örneklerinden Cezayir menekşesine yapılan aşılamalarda başarılı olunmuştur. Tüm bitki örneklerinin toplam nükleik asit izolasyonları CTAB yöntemine göre yapılmış, böcek örneklerinde ise MN marka hazır kitlere göre yapılmıştır. Bitki örneklerinde fitoplazma tespitinde DAPI DNA boyamı yöntemi de kullanılmış ve fitoplazma varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda biber (Capsicum annuum), domates (Solanum lycopersicum), fesleğen (Ocimum basilicum), susam (Sesamum indicum) ve tarla sarmaşığı (Convolvulus arvensis) bitkilerinde ve de bazı böcek türlerinde fitoplazmalar belirlenmiştir. Pozitif bulunan örnekler sekanslanmış ve MEGA X programında değerlendirilerek Genbankası'na sonuçlar yüklenmiştir. Genbankası'na yüklenen biber (MT993358), susam (MT994434), domates (MT992754), fesleğen (MT994432), Empoasca sp. (MT994430), Exitianus capicola (MT994433), Euscelidius sp. (MT994431) türlerinde Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii; tarla sarmaşığı (MT993422) ve domates (MT992796) türlerinde Candidatus Phytoplasma solani tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca biber örneklerinden fitoplazma tespit edilen 2 örnekte ELISA yöntemi ile cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) karışık enfeksiyon olarak bulunmuştur. Mevcut literatür bilgilere göre Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii, susam, fesleğen, Exitianus capicola ve Euscelidius sp.'de ilk kez bu çalışma ile tespit edilmiş ve Genbankası'na yüklenmiştir.
This study was conducted to determine the phytoplasma diseases of pepper plants in Hatay province between 2015 and 2020. Samples of pepper, sesame, basil, eggplant, tomato and weeds which had typical phytoplasma symptoms of yellowing and rolling upwards of leaves, phyllody, virescence, sterility, big buds and witches' broom were collected from the pepper fields. Furthermore, insect samples were collected by D-VAC to determine the vector species. Symptoms were observed with a ratio of 0.5-3% on the peppers which are grown for pepper paste, no symptoms were observed from the chili peppers and Samandağ pepper. Sesame and basil plants in the pepper fields shown 30% ratio of these symptoms. Empoasca sp., Cicadulina bipunctata ve Psammotettix sp., Exitianus capicola, Euscelidius sp., Anaceratagallia laevis and Balchutha hebe were found as insect vectors of the phytoplasmas as descending order of population densities. T-bud and chip grafting methods were successful for phytoplasma transmission from infected sesame and basil plants to healthy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) plants in controlled conditions. Total nucleic acid isolations from the plant samples were done by CTAB method and from insect samples by MN (Macherey-Nagel) DNA mini kit method. DAPI DNA dyeing method was also used to determine the phytoplasma presence. Phytoplasmas were detected in pepper, tomato, basil, sesame and bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and some insect samples. DNA of positive samples were sequenced, processed by MEGA X software and uploaded to Genbank. Samples uploaded to Genbank were identified as Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii on pepper (MT993358), sesame (MT994434), tomato (MT992754), basil (MT994432), Empoasca sp. (MT994430), Exitianus capicola (MT994433), Euscelidius sp. (MT994431); and as Candidatus Phytoplasma solani on binweed (MT993422) and tomato (MT992796). Moreover, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was determined by ELISA method in the two of the pepper samples as mixed infections with phytoplasmas. To our knowledge, this study is first to identify and upload to Genbank of Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii on sesame, basil, Exitianus capicola and Euscelidius sp.
This study was conducted to determine the phytoplasma diseases of pepper plants in Hatay province between 2015 and 2020. Samples of pepper, sesame, basil, eggplant, tomato and weeds which had typical phytoplasma symptoms of yellowing and rolling upwards of leaves, phyllody, virescence, sterility, big buds and witches' broom were collected from the pepper fields. Furthermore, insect samples were collected by D-VAC to determine the vector species. Symptoms were observed with a ratio of 0.5-3% on the peppers which are grown for pepper paste, no symptoms were observed from the chili peppers and Samandağ pepper. Sesame and basil plants in the pepper fields shown 30% ratio of these symptoms. Empoasca sp., Cicadulina bipunctata ve Psammotettix sp., Exitianus capicola, Euscelidius sp., Anaceratagallia laevis and Balchutha hebe were found as insect vectors of the phytoplasmas as descending order of population densities. T-bud and chip grafting methods were successful for phytoplasma transmission from infected sesame and basil plants to healthy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) plants in controlled conditions. Total nucleic acid isolations from the plant samples were done by CTAB method and from insect samples by MN (Macherey-Nagel) DNA mini kit method. DAPI DNA dyeing method was also used to determine the phytoplasma presence. Phytoplasmas were detected in pepper, tomato, basil, sesame and bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and some insect samples. DNA of positive samples were sequenced, processed by MEGA X software and uploaded to Genbank. Samples uploaded to Genbank were identified as Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii on pepper (MT993358), sesame (MT994434), tomato (MT992754), basil (MT994432), Empoasca sp. (MT994430), Exitianus capicola (MT994433), Euscelidius sp. (MT994431); and as Candidatus Phytoplasma solani on binweed (MT993422) and tomato (MT992796). Moreover, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was determined by ELISA method in the two of the pepper samples as mixed infections with phytoplasmas. To our knowledge, this study is first to identify and upload to Genbank of Ca. Phytoplasma trifolii on sesame, basil, Exitianus capicola and Euscelidius sp.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
