II. Abdülhamid’in kapsayıcı eğitim politikasına bir örnek: Lazkiye Nusayrileri ve Hamidiye mektepleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
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Yayıncı
Aizonia Publishing
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı Devleti’nde, II. Mahmud döneminde başlayan ve Sultan Abdülaziz döneminde artarak
devam eden modernist/batılı eğitim reformlarının, II. Abdülhamid döneminde zirveye ulaştığı
söylenebilir. Bu dönemde, bir taraftan o zamana kadar düzensiz bir gelişim gösteren eğitim
işlerini, merkezi bir sistem oluşturarak düzene sokma faaliyetleri yürütülmüş, diğer taraftan da
ülkenin her tarafında okullar açılarak ücra köylere kadar toplumun kamusal eğitime ulaşmasına
gayret edilmiştir. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Osmanlı topraklarında hızla yayılan
misyonerlerin hedef kitleleri arasında sadece doğu kiliselerine bağlı Ermeniler ve Rumlar yoktu.
Osmanlı topraklarında belirli bölgelerde yaşayan ve Müslüman toplum içerisinde sayılıp
sayılmamaları eskiden beri tartışma konusu olmuş, devlet otoritesine karşı genellikle itaatkâr
olmayan Nusayriler ve Dürziler gibi dini azınlık gruplar da misyonerlerin hedef kitleleri
arasında yer almıştır. Misyonerlerin bu dönemde özellikle Nusayrilerin yoğun olarak yaşadığı
bölgelerde hızlı bir okullaşma faaliyeti içerisine girdikleri görülmektedir. Osmanlı Devleti de
buna karşı Nusayrilerin yaşadığı hemen her yere okullar açmış ve bir eğitim seferberliği
başlatmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Nusayrilerin merkezi olarak kabul edilen Lazkiye’de, II.
Abdülhamid döneminde gerçekleştirilen eğitim faaliyetleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca
misyonerlerin Lazkiye’deki faaliyetleri ve bu faaliyetlerin Müslüman ahali üzerindeki etkisine
de değinilmiştir. Osmanlı Arşivinden elde edilen belgeler ışığında, Lazkiye’de açılan ve
Hamidiye ismi verilen okullar, öğrenci sayıları ve muallimleri ile ilgili bilgilere yer verilmiştir.
Kısaca, Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in, misyonerlerin faaliyetlerine karşı, Osmanlı tebaası dini
azınlık grupların, eğitim yoluyla devlete bağlılıklarını temin etme politikası, Lazkiye örneği
üzerinden ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Abstract In the Ottoman Empire, It can be said that the investments of Education which started during the reign of Mahmud II in this field and which had continued during the reign of Abdülaziz reached a peak in the reign of Abdulhamid II. In this period, while conducting activities to build a central system for the educational activities which were developed irregularly until that time, the people even in pathless villages reached to the teachers and the schools which were opened throughout the country. From the second half of the 19th century, there weren't just Armenians and Greeks linked to the Eastern churches, among the targets of the missionaries spreading like wildfire in the Ottoman lands. Religious minority groups, such as Nusayris and Druze people, who lived in certain regions of the Ottoman territories and have long been a subject of debate whether they belong to the Muslim community or not, and were generally non-submissive to the state authority, have also been among the target groups of the missionaries. In this period, it is seen that the missionaries started a fast schooling activity especially in the regions where Nusayris lived extensively. The Ottoman State had also opened schools and started an educational campaign in almost every place where Nusayris lived. In this study, the educational activities in Latakia which was thought center of the Nusayris, during the reign of Abdulhamid II, was emphasized. Also, the activities of the missionaries in Latakia and the effects of these activities on the Muslim population was mentioned. Especially in the light of the documents from the Ottoman archive, the information about the schools opened in Latakia and named Hamidiye, their number of students and their teachers were detailed. In short, Sultan Abdulhamid II's policy to demonstrate their commitment to the state through the education of religious minority groups of Ottoman subjects against the activities of the missionaries were tried to be presented through the example of Latakia.
Abstract In the Ottoman Empire, It can be said that the investments of Education which started during the reign of Mahmud II in this field and which had continued during the reign of Abdülaziz reached a peak in the reign of Abdulhamid II. In this period, while conducting activities to build a central system for the educational activities which were developed irregularly until that time, the people even in pathless villages reached to the teachers and the schools which were opened throughout the country. From the second half of the 19th century, there weren't just Armenians and Greeks linked to the Eastern churches, among the targets of the missionaries spreading like wildfire in the Ottoman lands. Religious minority groups, such as Nusayris and Druze people, who lived in certain regions of the Ottoman territories and have long been a subject of debate whether they belong to the Muslim community or not, and were generally non-submissive to the state authority, have also been among the target groups of the missionaries. In this period, it is seen that the missionaries started a fast schooling activity especially in the regions where Nusayris lived extensively. The Ottoman State had also opened schools and started an educational campaign in almost every place where Nusayris lived. In this study, the educational activities in Latakia which was thought center of the Nusayris, during the reign of Abdulhamid II, was emphasized. Also, the activities of the missionaries in Latakia and the effects of these activities on the Muslim population was mentioned. Especially in the light of the documents from the Ottoman archive, the information about the schools opened in Latakia and named Hamidiye, their number of students and their teachers were detailed. In short, Sultan Abdulhamid II's policy to demonstrate their commitment to the state through the education of religious minority groups of Ottoman subjects against the activities of the missionaries were tried to be presented through the example of Latakia.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
II. Abdülhamid, Lazkiye, Nusayriler, Kamusal Eğitim, Misyoner, Abdülhamid II, Latakia, Nusayri, Public Education, Missionary
Kaynak
Current Research in Social Sciences
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
5
Sayı
1
Künye
Sacit, U. Ğ. U. Z. II. Abdülhamid’in Kapsayıcı Eğitim Politikasına Bir Örnek: Lazkiye Nusayrileri ve Hamidiye Mektepleri. Current Research in Social Sciences, 5(1), 9-27.
