Hatay ve Kahramanmaraş illeri böğürtlen (Rubus fruticosus) ve ahududu (Rubus idaeus) yayılış ve yetiştiricilik alanlarında görülen fungal hastalık etmenlerinin belirlenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2011
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
2010 ve 2011 yıllarında, Hatay ve Kahramanmaraş illeri yabani ve kültür ahududu (Rubus idaeus) ve böğürtlen (Rubus fructicosus) alanlarındaki fungal hastalık etmenleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla 2009-2011 yılları yetiştirme sezonlarında bitki fenolojisi göz önünde bulundurularak sörveyler yapılmıştır. Hastalık belirtileri gösteren bitkilerin kök, gövde, sürgün, yaprak ve meyvelerinden alınan örneklerden, uygun besi ortamları üzerinde izolasyonlar yapılmıştır. Hatay ilindeki plantasyonda bütün fenolojik dönemlerde ahududu sürgünleri üzerinde gri yamalarda bulunan gömülü picnidium'lardan sürgün yanıklığı etmeni Kalmusia coniothyrium izole edilmiştir. Hasat öncesi yapılan gözlemlerde tüm lokasyonlarda sürgün, çiçek ve meyveler üzerinde saptanan Botrytis cinerea, ahududu ve böğürtlenlerde kalite kayıplarına sebep olmuştur. Her iki bitki türünde de yaprak ve sürgünlerden uç yanıklığı etmeni Didymella applanata tüm lokasyonlardan izole edilmiştir. Yetiştirme sezonu başlarında böğürtlen yaprak ve gövdelerinde birikerek sporlanan ve daha önce böğürtlende raporu olmayan `Diachea leucopodia' plasmodial akışkan küfü tespit edilmiştir. Seimatosporium lichenicola tarafından neden olunan Ascospora geriye ölüm hastalığı pek çok lokasyonda saptanmıştır. Tüm araştırma alanlarında antraknoz hastalığına sebep olan Elsinoe veneta etmeni yaprak ve sürgün lezyonlarından izole edilmiştir. Alternaria spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Septoria rubi, Cercosporella rubi, Cladosporium spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma spp., Chaetomium spp., Nigrospora spp., Fusarium spp., Stemphylium spp., Aspergillus niger ve Mucor spp. yaprak, sürgün ve meyvelerde saptanan diğer funguslardır. Yabani ve kültür böğürtlenlerinde obligat parazitlerden sarı pas ve böğürtlen pası etmenleri Phragmidium violaceum ve P. rubi-iadei'nin uredinium ve telium yatakları bütün bitki kısımlarında saptanmıştır. Ekim alanlarında özellikle sık bitki gelişimi olması, hava sirkülasyonunun az olması, budamanın doğru yapılmaması ve yoğun yabancı ot gelişimi nedenleriyle, sürgün yanıklığı, sürgün Botrytis'i, gri küf ve böğürtlen pası oluşumu ve şiddeti saptandıkları alanlarda çok yüksek olmuştur.
In this study, fungal disease agents were investigated in cultivated and wild blackberry and raspberry orchards and natural distribution areas of Hatay and Kahramanmaraş in 2010-2011. For this purpose, during the growing seasons of 2009-2011, surveys were conducted with relation to the plant phenology. Isolations were made from the root, stem, shoot, leaf and fruit samples showing disease symptoms on different growing media. During all surveys in Karlısu district, Kalmusia coniothyrium causing cane blight was isolated from the immersed pycnidium on gray patches of raspberry canes. On the observations during all seasons, Botrytis cinerea detected on cane, flowers and fruits caused devastating fruit yield and quality losses on both raspberries and blackberries. Didymella applanata, the causal agent of spur blight lesions on leaf and canes, was isolated from the leaves of both plant species. A plasmodial slime mold `Diachea leucopodia? was detected to be aggregated and sporulated on the leaves and stems of blackberry in mid?growing season but it has not been reported on blackberry previously. Ascospora dieback caused by Seimatosporium lichenicola detected on floricane of blackberries from many locations. Elsinoe veneta causing anthacnose disease was isolated from leaf and cane lesions from all surveyed locations. Alternaria spp., Macrophomina phseolina, Septoria rubi, Cercosporella rubi, Cladosporium spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma spp., Chaetomium spp., Nigrospora spp., Fusarium spp., Stemphylium spp., Aspergillus niger and Mucor spp. were the other fungi isolated from leaves, canes and fruits. Uredinia and telia structures of Phragmidium violaceum and P. rubi-iadei the causal agents of blackberry rust and yellow rust, respectively, were detected on all plant parts. Disease incidence and severity of cane blight, cane Botrytis, gray mold and blackberrry rust diseases were very high in the disease present areas because of dense plant canopy, poor air circulation, improper pruning practices and dense weed growth.
In this study, fungal disease agents were investigated in cultivated and wild blackberry and raspberry orchards and natural distribution areas of Hatay and Kahramanmaraş in 2010-2011. For this purpose, during the growing seasons of 2009-2011, surveys were conducted with relation to the plant phenology. Isolations were made from the root, stem, shoot, leaf and fruit samples showing disease symptoms on different growing media. During all surveys in Karlısu district, Kalmusia coniothyrium causing cane blight was isolated from the immersed pycnidium on gray patches of raspberry canes. On the observations during all seasons, Botrytis cinerea detected on cane, flowers and fruits caused devastating fruit yield and quality losses on both raspberries and blackberries. Didymella applanata, the causal agent of spur blight lesions on leaf and canes, was isolated from the leaves of both plant species. A plasmodial slime mold `Diachea leucopodia? was detected to be aggregated and sporulated on the leaves and stems of blackberry in mid?growing season but it has not been reported on blackberry previously. Ascospora dieback caused by Seimatosporium lichenicola detected on floricane of blackberries from many locations. Elsinoe veneta causing anthacnose disease was isolated from leaf and cane lesions from all surveyed locations. Alternaria spp., Macrophomina phseolina, Septoria rubi, Cercosporella rubi, Cladosporium spp., Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma spp., Chaetomium spp., Nigrospora spp., Fusarium spp., Stemphylium spp., Aspergillus niger and Mucor spp. were the other fungi isolated from leaves, canes and fruits. Uredinia and telia structures of Phragmidium violaceum and P. rubi-iadei the causal agents of blackberry rust and yellow rust, respectively, were detected on all plant parts. Disease incidence and severity of cane blight, cane Botrytis, gray mold and blackberrry rust diseases were very high in the disease present areas because of dense plant canopy, poor air circulation, improper pruning practices and dense weed growth.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture
