1570 yılında İstolni Belgrad Sancağı'nda erbâb-ı tımar
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Cahit Aydemir
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Endüstri Devrimi’nden önce Orta ve Yeniçağ’da geleneksel ve kuru tarım ekonomisine sahip imparatorlukların asker yetiştirme ve ordu beslemeleri için gereken en önemli unsur toprak ve toprağı işleyen halk idi. Nakit ekonomisinin gelişmediği tarım imparatorluklarında devlet arazileri ile onları işleten köylü halkın birleşmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan tarımsal ürünlerden alınan vergiler aynî olarak alınır ve devlet hizmetindeki kişilere maaş olarak yine aynî olarak verilirdi. Bu sistem Akdeniz Havzası’ndaki tarım imparatorluklarında Thema, Pronia, İkta ..vb adlarla bilinirken Osmanlı Devleti bu uygulama için Tımar Sistemi ismini kullanmıştır. İncelediğimiz 497 numaralı Tımar İcmal Defteri’ndeki verilerden Macaristan’ın önemli krallık merkezlerinden birisi olan İstolni Belgrad Sancağı’nın Osmanlı hakimiyetinde 1570 yılındaki toplam gelirlerinin has, zeamet ve tımar olarak kimlere ve ne miktarda tahsis edildiği ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu inceleme neticesinde İstolni Belgrad Sancağı’nda Tımar Sistemi’nin tüm unsurlarının var olduğu ve sistemin uygulanarak devlet erkanı ve askerlere rütbelerine göre ilgili sancaktan dirlik/maaş verildiği anlaşılmaktadır.
In the medieval and early modern era before the Industrial Revolution, the land and the people who cultivated land were the most important elements for the recruitment and feeding of the army of empires with traditional and dry farming economies. In agricultural empires where the cash system did not develop, taxes on agricultural products produced by the peasants on state lands were collected in kind. The salaries were also given in kind to the people in state service. While this system is known as thema, pronia, ikta, etc. in the agricultural empires in the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire used the name Tımar - System for this practice. According to the data in Tımar İcmal Book no 497; It has been revealed to whom and how much of the total revenues of Istolni Belgrade Sanjak, one of the important kingdom centers of Hungary under Ottoman rule in 1570, was given as has, zeamet and tımar. As a result of this study, it is understood that all elements of the Tımar System was observed in Istolni Belgrade Sanjak and the system was also implemented as the state officials and soldiers were paid dirlik/salary from the related banner according to their rank.
In the medieval and early modern era before the Industrial Revolution, the land and the people who cultivated land were the most important elements for the recruitment and feeding of the army of empires with traditional and dry farming economies. In agricultural empires where the cash system did not develop, taxes on agricultural products produced by the peasants on state lands were collected in kind. The salaries were also given in kind to the people in state service. While this system is known as thema, pronia, ikta, etc. in the agricultural empires in the Mediterranean basin, the Ottoman Empire used the name Tımar - System for this practice. According to the data in Tımar İcmal Book no 497; It has been revealed to whom and how much of the total revenues of Istolni Belgrade Sanjak, one of the important kingdom centers of Hungary under Ottoman rule in 1570, was given as has, zeamet and tımar. As a result of this study, it is understood that all elements of the Tımar System was observed in Istolni Belgrade Sanjak and the system was also implemented as the state officials and soldiers were paid dirlik/salary from the related banner according to their rank.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İstolni-Belgrad, Székesfehérvár, Tımar Sistemi, Macaristan, Tımar System, Hungary
Kaynak
Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
19
Sayı
76
Künye
IŞIK M (2020). 1570 YILINDA İSTOLNİ BELGRAD SANCAĞI’NDA ERBÂB-I TIMAR. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (elektronik), 19(76), 2138 - 2152. Doi: 10.17755/esosder.644672
